The species of desert botanical gardens account for more than 80% of the total distribution of plants in desert areas in China. As an inland arid desert area, the landscape here is breathtaking. When I first arrived here, I first saw the characteristic plant Ammopiptanthus mongolicus as a street hedge, followed by various groups of rare plants.
Desert Botanical Garden is located in 6,000 hectares of wind-eroded quicksand area between Chatkale, Aiding Lake and Yaer Township in the abdomen of Turpan Basin. There are a large area of wind erosion Ya Dan landform, flat flowing sand and crescent dunes landform, ancient city ruins buried by quicksand and world-famous underground water conservancy project Karez in arid areas.
This is the second lowest altitude place in the world, and it is known as "Wind Warehouse" and "Fire Island". The average number of windy days above Grade 8 is 26.8 days. For 68 days, the maximum wind speed exceeds 40 meters per second. The speed of sand flow is the first in China; Annual average accumulated temperature 13.9 degrees. The extreme maximum temperature is 47.62 degrees, the extreme minimum temperature is -28 degrees, the summer sand surface temperature exceeds 80 degrees, the annual average precipitation is 16.4 mm, and the annual evaporation is 2837.8 mm; The annual average humidity is 41%; The sunshine hours in the whole year were 3049.5 hours, and the sunshine percentage was 68%. The annual total radiation is 139.5 kcal/cm2.
Botanical Garden is divided into two gardens: the North Garden is the area where staff work and live, including laboratory building, expert apartment, multifunctional hall, restaurant, desert plant introduction and cultivation area, and desert economic fruit tree germplasm resources special garden (area); There are some special gardens (areas) in the South Park, such as desert plant living germplasm specimen garden, national medicinal plant special garden, desert economic fruit tree special garden, desert wild ornamental plant special garden, desert rare and endangered endemic plant special garden, halophyte special garden, Tamarix plant special garden, Calligonum mongolicum special garden (germplasm resource garden), arid region grape special garden, etc.
Turpan Desert Botanical Garden was built in 1976, covering an area of 34 hectares. It mainly introduces and domesticates sand-fixing plants to expand their reproduction, and also has the functions of sand damage prevention and control research, desert plant popularization education, sightseeing and so on. It has preserved more than 600 species of plants in various desert areas, including more than 40 endangered species.
The development of desert botanical garden is one of the symbols of the development of human civilization! It is closely related to the development, utilization and protection of plant resources. It is an important base for plant diversity protection, introduction and domestication, the best place to popularize popular science education, improve people's cultural literacy and travel, and an ideal window for academic exchanges at home and abroad.
The park has established laboratories, animal and plant specimen rooms, seed rooms, exhibition rooms, reception rooms, conference rooms, information reference rooms, restaurants, garages, archives rooms and microcomputer rooms, which have created the necessary material conditions for domestic and foreign scholars and tourists to study and visit the station. After years of accumulation, there are more than 10000 plant wax leaf specimens, more than 1000 animal specimens and more than1000 seed specimens in the herbarium. The library has 60 scientific research documents, nearly 6,000 pictures and more than 3,000 books of various periodicals.
Nearly 500 species of desert plants have been introduced and cultivated here, belonging to 72 families and 247 genera, among which 43 species are rare and endangered, such as Tamarix chinensis, ethnic medicine, Cucurbita moschata, Calligonum Calligonum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Haloxylon ammodendron. The species of various groups account for more than 80% of the total plant distribution in China desert area. They are organically integrated with other artificial desert vegetation in a large area, and added to the wind erosion quicksand landform to set off, highlighting the picturesque and bird-like strange landscape in the inland arid desert area!
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