At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Zixu, a doctor of the State of Wu, was one of the most famous figures in the history of China. He used to be a historical celebrity. Judging from the cultural history of grave robbery in China, he is also a heavyweight. Digging other people's graves, not to mention taking a whip to vent on your body, is the most vicious grave digger.
Wu Zixu: The most poisonous grave robber.
Wu Zixu became a famous poacher in the history of China, which originated from his hatred with King Chu Ping before he left Wu. According to records, in 522 BC, because of being framed by Fu Fei, the king of Chu, his father and brother were killed by King Chu Ping, and Wu Zixu was forced to flee from the State of Wu, vowing to destroy Chu and take revenge. In 506 BC, after Sun Wu conquered the city of Chu and achieved the status of "Five Commanders in the Spring and Autumn Period", Wu Zixu also found the opportunity to avenge his father and brother. It is said that the first thing Wu Zixu wanted to do after he entered Chu was to find the tomb of King Chu Ping, who died soon. I couldn't find it for a day, because King Chu Ping ordered all the craftsmen involved in repairing the mausoleum to be killed in order not to let the mausoleum site be known. After the guidance of an old craftsman who narrowly escaped, Wu Zixu successfully dug up Chuping's tomb, dug up his body and whipped it for 300 times before stopping. This is the story of "flogging 300 corpses".
Xiang Yu: The Best Grave Robber
Compared with Wu Zixu, Xiang Yu's grave robbery is more natural and just. Wu Zixu robbed the tomb in order to report "family hatred" and was selfish; Three hundred years later, Xiang Yu dug the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang out of "national hatred", which is the wish of the world. Who is Qin Shihuang? The first emperor in the history of China; What kind of mausoleum is the Qin Mausoleum? Of the "First Mausoleum" of China Mausoleum, only Xiang Yu dared to attack such a mausoleum, which was awesome!
As for Xiang Yu's looting of the Qin Mausoleum, Ban Gu's Zuo Zhuan said: "The work of Mount Li is not finished, and Zhang Zhou made millions of teachers. Ji Xiang burned down his palace and camp, and people who had been there before saw the salt excavation. Later, the shepherd's son died and the sheep got into his chisel. The shepherd took a fire to shine on the sheep, but lost his hidden Guo. Since ancient times, burial has not flourished as the first emperor. In recent years, it is a pity that auspicious elephants are foreign invaders and animal husbandry is locked in. " The Northern Wei Daoyuan Hanshu recorded more specifically, "Xiang Yu entered the customs, with 300,000 people. On the 30th, no one was spared. Thieves in Kanto sell copper, and shepherds find sheep to burn. The fire lasted for ninety days. "
Liu Qu: The Most Abnormal Grave Robber
Some grave robbers vent their anger and some are greedy for money, but there is a grave robber in China history who is very abnormal. First of all, for fun, he is Liu Qu, the king of Guang Chuan in the Western Han Dynasty. Liuqu was a royal family in the Western Han Dynasty, and its fief was located at the junction of Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong. Originally the capital, it was later called the King of Guang Chuan. It is said that Liu Qu has a bad reputation, unreliable work, eating, drinking and having fun all day.
According to Jin Gehong's book Water Mirror _? "Wei Shui" records that "all tombs in China have been excavated", and few shovels in famous ancient tombs can escape Liu Qu. Liu Qu stole the royal tombs of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and asked him to dig the Wei Xianggong and Jinling cemeteries.
Many famous ancient tombs were stolen by Liu Qu, such as Qi Qu Tomb, Wang Wei Tomb, Jin Wang Tomb and Luan Shu Tomb. But there are many grave robberies, and Liu Qu is also afraid. It is recorded that Liu Qu was scared to death when he dug a grave, and the people inside were lifelike. Liu Qu, tell him the meal quickly.
Tomb raiding is mostly the behavior of kings, which also illustrates a problem. Large-scale robbery in history is mixed with official nature. However, if there is a full-time and clearly recorded "robbing officials", it should be Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms period at the earliest. According to historical records, he set up a "hair hill corps commander" and a "touch gold captain" in the army to study and carry out grave robbery. Cao Cao is the most professional grave robber in the history of China.
It is said that at the beginning of conquering the world, Cao Cao thought of the ancient tombs with rich funerary objects and played the idea of robbing tombs. In order to ensure the success and harvest of grave robbery, Cao Cao found a new way and set up positions such as "hair hill corps commander" and "touch gold captain" in the army. Wherever he goes, dozens of people are responsible for stealing, which one is buried with him.
The most famous tomb stolen by Cao Cao is Mangdang Mountain Mausoleum, which is the tombs of Han Liang and Wang Xiao's Liu Wu and Li Xinyu. This mausoleum is built on a grand scale, four times as large as the Ming Tombs in Beijing, and is called "the first mausoleum in the world". Liu Wu is the grandson of Liu Bang, his father is Liu Heng, the emperor of China, and his brother is Liu Qi, the emperor of Han Dynasty. Liu Wu is in the era of "the rule of cultural landscape" and the prosperity of the country, and the richness of Liu Wu's tombs can be imagined.
Dong Zhuo: The worst grave robber.
The heavy burial in the history of China reached its first peak in the Western Han Dynasty. Historically, more than 80% graves were stolen within 100 to 200 years. Based on this, it is inferred that there will inevitably be a grave robbery climax after the Han Dynasty. Historical facts prove that this speculation exists. In the history of China, the first wave of the three grave robbery cases occurred from the late Western Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In this historical period, the small court of the small dynasty alternated frequently like playing games, so the world was in chaos, hungry people were everywhere, and the wind of folk grave robbery prevailed. You stole from me. Everyone steals from me. Besides the gravedigger Cao Cao mentioned above, there are Dong Zhuo, Huang Chao and others. The difference is that Dong Zhuo is not as professional as Cao Cao, but Dong Zhuo's men are very capable and large in scale. He robbed a lot of things in the Han tombs, and as a person, "evil" is famous.
The tomb of Liu Che, the most successful emperor in the Western Han Dynasty and one of the many emperors in China, was excavated, and Dong Zhuo was one of the biggest sinners. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo, who was worried about military pay, set his eyes on Maoling, and the grave robber was his first general, Lu Bu. The mausoleum has been built for 54 years, and the underground palace is huge, which is the largest among the tombs of the Western Han emperors. Although the Red Eyebrow Army has been here before, after Lu Bu went in. Found the ground full of funerary objects, Lu Bu returned with a full load, making Liu Che's coffin at sixes and sevens.
Huang Chao: Stupid grave robber.
Although Huang Chao is good at pen and ink, compared with Cao Cao, because he has no common sense of grave robbery and is surrounded by uneducated farmers, he is not very good at grave robbery, and many grave robbers have never driven it, so it is no exaggeration to say that he is the most stupid grave robber.
In the early days, Huang Chao's army "followed the crowd and didn't steal money", so where did he get the salary of 400,000 troops? Grave robbery is one of its financial resources. Huang Chao became a madman in the history of grave robbery in China, because the objects he robbed were all heavyweights. First, follow the example of Xiang Yu and dig the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang; Second, learn from the Red Eyebrow Army and Dong Zhuo, dig the tomb of Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and third, dig the Gan Ling of the tomb where Wu Zetian and Li Zhi were buried together. The words about Huang Chao's excavation are scattered in the excavation records of the mausoleum. According to Gan Lingzhi, Huang Chao used 400,000 rebels to dig mountains in the west of Liangshan. It is said that Liangshan was almost half dug, but in the end only a 40-meter-deep "Huang Chao ditch" was dug, which can still be found. Because there are few intellectuals in the peasant army and the structure of Ganling is too strong, the soldiers can't figure out the internal structure of Ganling. As a result, they dug in the wrong direction, and Gan Ling escaped, otherwise he would not be alive today.
Wen Tao: The most harmful grave robber.
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The mausoleum of Emperor China in Wen Tao was catastrophically damaged, and many precious cultural relics were destroyed. Therefore, historians and archaeologists agree that Wen Tao is the most dangerous grave robber in the history of China, and he has committed crimes throughout the ages. After Li Shimin's death, Emperor Taizong took many precious masterpieces such as Miscellanies of Xijing as funerary objects and brought them into Zhaoling. Ironically, Wen Tao, who can't read and write, took a batch of paintings and calligraphy works out of the mausoleum, but what he liked was not priceless paintings and calligraphy works, but gorgeous silks and satins framed outside. He asked his men to tear off all the silks and satins and throw them away. Historians speculate that Wang Xizhi's original Taiping Guang Ji never appeared again, perhaps because Wen Tao tore them up.
Liu Yu: The most unjust grave robber.
The 18th tomb in Tang Dynasty was stolen by Wen Tao, and the 8th tomb in Gongyi in Northern Song Dynasty was stolen and destroyed by Liu Yu. The Imperial Tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty is located in gongyi city, Henan Province, where seven emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty and Zhao, the father of Mao, are buried. It is called "Seven Emperors and Eight Mausoleums". Compared with the tombs of emperors in Han and Tang Dynasties, the tombs of emperors in Northern Song Dynasty are generally simple. Liu Yuben was a courtier of the Northern Song Dynasty, and later transferred to the Northern Jin regime. The mutiny is unfair, and it is even more unfair to rob the tomb in partnership.
Liu Yu, who became a puppet emperor, learned from Cao Cao and set up a special grave robbing institution. This is also the second recorded official grave robbery organization in the history of China, which is divided into several groups, such as Bianjing and Luoyang, to rob graves crazily. The imperial tombs in the Northern Song Dynasty are relatively simple, and it doesn't take much effort to dig them up. In the Korean War, South Korean officers and men stole one after another and colluded with each other, which destroyed Zhao Kuangyin's recognized treasure house of geomantic omen. In addition to the imperial tomb, Princess Hou Ling's tomb and the surrounding courtiers' tombs were not spared. At the same time, the mausoleum area is full of grave robbers. Song Zhezong Zhao Xu's bones were dug out, thrown to the ground and exposed to the sun. At that time, abandoned bones were everywhere, and the land of Feng Shui became a mass grave.
Yang: The most shameless grave robber.
The tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty were stolen and excavated, and the tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty were not spared. The tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty was stolen in the early Yuan Dynasty, which was also the worst in China. The imperial tomb in the Southern Song Dynasty was actually a "life-saving palace". That's Ji's uterus, a temporary burial place. Later, he considered moving back to Zuling District, Gongyi, Henan. The coffin is shallow and easy to be stolen. The tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty was stolen by Yang Jia, a monk from the Western Regions.
Yang Jian's true yoga has not spared an imperial mausoleum, even the tombs of empresses and ministers. Everything was dug up and countless treasures were stolen. According to historical records, the treasures stolen by Yang Yoga are: Ling's horse pencil box, copper-cooled rust removal tube, Ling's playing saddle, Guangzong mausoleum's white tooth comb bone box, Li's pillow, Ling's and Jin Lieqing's.
Besides destroying tombs and stealing things, there are also the most heinous things. Yang Jianzhen Jia dug up all the bones of the emperor and his successors and abandoned them in the wilderness. Zong is a big head. Yang Jia took his head off and took it back to the north. It was plated with silver and made into a container for wine. The remains of Empress Dowager Cixi are collected in Lin 'an Palace, and a 13-foot-high white tower is built to suppress it, so it is named authentic.
Chen Feng: The most ridiculous grave robber.
It seems incredible that a grave robber stole the owner's body and had the idea of the emperor's ancestral grave at that time, but such an absurd thing happened during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. The consul was Chen Feng, a eunuch, who was different from Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty in Liu Yuhe in political composition. Chen Feng's grave robbery is purely for treasure hunting, and it's really mercenary. Fairy spirit is located in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province. It is the tomb of great-grandfather emperor Zhu Huxing and great-grandmother Jiang. The tomb is the imperial tomb, which has been built intermittently for 47 years. Large-scale, buried. Chen Feng borrowed the convenience of the immortals next to Zaoyang Mine and secretly dug under the cover of mining. The magistrate of a county found that Chen Feng had ulterior motives and suggested stopping him. The result was framed by Chen Feng and arrested. People gnashed their teeth at Chen Feng and tried to kill him. Chen Feng was scared to hide. According to historical records, when Chen Feng left Huguang two years later, he collected tens of thousands of gold and silver treasures, and the ships carrying the treasures were connected end to end, stretching for miles. In order to ensure foolproof, Chen Feng sent a large number of soldiers to guard it. Therefore, a eunuch dares to rob the imperial tomb of the dynasty. Of course, this was done with the acquiescence of Zhu Yijun in order to raise money for the emperor. Otherwise, Chen Feng's absurd behavior would not have happened. So now it is said that the excavation of Dingling in Zhu Yijun is also a kind of retribution, and culpable of punishment.