Learning skills of architectural drawing and architectural geomantic omen

Draw the construction drawing in the order of plane, vertical and section.

First of all, the plane

1, clearly mark aproll, steps, steps, stair railings, guardrails and expansion joints (deformation joints);

2. The layout of the kitchen and bathroom, including the toilet, washbasin, bathing device, floor drain and floor drain slope (65438 0%), indoor elevation (generally lower than the height of 0.030m);

3, balcony layout, including floor drain and floor drain slope direction (65438+/-0%), hangers, railings, indoor elevation (generally 0.030 m higher than the floor height);

4, the function of each room;

5, indoor and outdoor ground elevation, stair elevation;

6. When dimensioning, indicate the shaft span distance first, and then clearly mark the detail size;

7, stair layout, clearly indicate the step size; Generally, the stairwell is between 120-200, and protective measures should be taken when it exceeds 200.

8. Roof design drainage, the watershed is located at the mid-line crossing, with a building slope of 2% and a building slope of 1%. The intersection of building slope and building slope is waterline and downspout method;

9, master cheng yen roof should draw the roof;

10, location of water tank, manhole of water tank, ladder;

1 1, cornice method, choose atlas or design according to the scheme requirements;

12, the plane detail index is clear;

Second, the facade.

1, when adding facade doors and windows, the height of doors and windows should refer to the floor height and beam height in addition to the width, and the glass curtain wall should also consider the floor falling (generally 100-300 high);

2. The upper surfaces of facade doors and windows should be as flush as possible to ensure the facade effect;

3. The difference between the height and width of the facade doors and windows should not exceed two building modules (300);

4. The outer frame line of doors and windows is slightly thicker, and the inner wall and door outer frame are made of thin lines. Highlight the internal and external aspects;

5. As far as possible, the dimensions of the facade should be marked with the nearest hole and border dimensions, and other unmarked dimensions should be clearly marked with elevation and linear dimensions nearby;

6, exterior wall decoration index;

Three. outline

1, the section should be cut to the stairwell;

2. Design the height and width of stair step and rest platform, try to ensure that the width between two ladder beams does not exceed 4200m, and the height and width of step require b+2h.

3. Make clear the uncut lines of beams, columns, doors and windows;

4, longitudinal marking clearly indicate the humanly scaled size, stair step size, elevation and the relationship between floors, horizontal marking clearly indicate the relationship between floors, beams and axes;

5. The section position of the callout should correspond to the plan;

Fourth, details.

1, clearly express the location of the details, such as floor elevation, and the relationship with the axis;

2. The structural form is correctly expressed;

3, balcony, corridor below the floor (generally 0.030 high); Design experience: 1. First of all, we should pay attention to the problem of storey height, and don't make trouble for ourselves. (Limited by 16m)

Storage room+five-story residence

2.2+4x 3+ Indoor and outdoor height difference

Storage room+six-story residence

All-floor storage room 2+5x2.75+0.25 (indoor and outdoor height difference) < 16m

Semi-overground storage room 1 (underground) 1.2 (aboveground) +5x2.8+0.45 (indoor and outdoor height difference) <16m.

None of the above situations violates the specification. Please select.

In another case, the top floor is a jump floor, which can be added to the top floor, and in most cases it is the main attic.

draw pictures

There is a question of order here. Everyone may have their own habits, but I think mine is better. You can usually get an apartment in one day.

Let's take Tianzheng 5.5+AUTO CAD 2002 as an example, (storage room+five-story house, 2.2+4x 3+ indoor and outdoor height difference.

On the premise of determining the apartment type, look at how many units there are in this building according to the general plan, because we determine the setting of expansion joints according to the length of the building.

Draw half a unit first, then the standard floor (the same as the apartment type).

Axis, according to the apartment type, draw the wall line with a single line, change the wall with a single line (240 width), and delete unnecessary walls; Set the doors and windows hole, general settings:

M- 1 entrance door 1000x2 100

M-2 interior door (bedroom study) 900X2 100

M-3 kitchen door 800X2 100

M-4 bathroom door 800X2 100

M-5 balcony door (sliding door) 2 100x2600

C- 1 master bedroom window 1800X 1700, windowsill 900.

C-2 bedroom study window 1500x 1700

C-3 kitchen window 1500x 1600 windowsill height 1000.

C-4 bathroom window 900x800 sill 1800

C-5 1200X 1600 stairwell window, sill height 1000.

C-5 balcony window: the length of the balcony periphery is X 1550, and the height of the windowsill is 1050.

Decorate the kitchen and bathroom, pay attention to the width of the kitchen operation panel is 500, the width of the washbasin panel is 550, and the length varies with the apartment type; Arrange the position of washing machine refrigerator and air conditioner in the main room, because the water supply and drainage electrical specialty needs to be positioned; Set the positions of gas hood and range hood, vegetable washing pool and mop pool, toilet bowl and shower head, towel rack and soap box sanitary paper box; Set the position of wardrobe and shoe cabinet, set the position of floor drain and drainage slope, and set the height difference of balcony kitchen and bathroom.

The location of all kinds of pipeline holes requires heating in the north, so heating needs to be measured by households.

Solar hole, located in the bathroom, size 300x400;;

Indoor distribution box 400x200x 120

CATV 300 x200 x 120;

Outdoor power box 500x500x120; ;

Kitchen smoke exhaust pipe well size 300x400;;

Household metering pipeline well * * * 500 x 1200, one 400x800 for each household, and heat meter box 800x600x240;;

Air conditioning inlet, round hole diameter 100.

Provide an outdoor air conditioning platform with a size of 600x 1000 and a thickness of 60.

Mark the room name and use area;

Mark the size of the hole in the inner door and window.

Mirror image generates a standard unit, adding constructional column, common external wall nodes and four corners of stairs, with the size of 240x240. Structural columns are added to walls that are more than twice the height of a story. Finally, change the position of the column according to the structure diagram.

The width of the stairwell is generally 2600. In this case, the width of the stairwell can be 2400. Pay attention to some specifications of stairwells. The railing height is 900 (1050), the railing spacing is 0. 1 1, the stair width is not less than 1 m, and the rest platform width should be1.2m.. 1.2+9x0.3+ 1.5=5.4 .

The column of Tianzheng 5.5 can't be mirrored, and the wall is very thick, which shows an error. Can be copied.

After copying, the standard layer plane is obtained, and the axis size is marked; Close the shaft layer and mark the size of the hole of exterior wall doors and windows.

Mark the drawing name and scale, and insert the drawing frame.

Copy the standard floor upwards, modify the stairwell and height marking, and get the top floor plan.

Copy down the standard floor, modify the height label, add the canopy, and get the 2-floor plan.

Copy the second floor plan, modify the stairwell parameters, modify the canopy to be a ramp, delete the balcony, change the name of the hole, modify the indoor elevation, increase the outdoor elevation, add compasses, draw a closed line along the external wall with PL line, offset to generate aproll, and finally get the plan.

Copy the axis and axis size of the first floor and PL line, offset 240 inward to generate the roof parapet, and offset 600 outward to generate the roof cornice. Copy the standard floor solar oil fume well and balcony to the top floor plane for modification. The height of the roof well is 600, the height of the parapet is 900, and the stairwell is equipped with manhole, with the size of 600x600. Draw the drainage direction and slope and the location of the storm drain.

So the plane is finished. Third, about the bottom:

1, outdoor steps, ramps and open ditches shall be indicated; Indoor and outdoor facade.

2. If there is a garage on the ground floor, a fire cornice shall be set above the hole of the external wall door. Stairs are the same as other public entrances and exits.

3. Residential entrances and exits are located at the lower part of the open balcony, and safety measures such as rain cover should be set to prevent objects from falling and hurting people.

4, aproll width l should be 600~ 1000mm, when using unorganized drainage, aproll width can be released according to the cornice line 200 ~ 300mm;; Slope can be 3%~5%, generally 5%; When aproll is concrete, expansion joints should be set at 20~30m. A seam should be left between aproll and exterior wall, with a width of 20~30mm, and asphalt material should be filled in the seam.

See Fujian 86J90 1(7/3) for aproll practice, which is aproll for cement mortar.

3. The width of open trench is generally around 200mm, and the atlas is 200mm or 250mm. The applicable provincial standard atlas shall indicate the depth H value (single project h = 300mm). There should be about 0.5% longitudinal slope at the bottom of the ditch.

See Fujian 86J90 1( 1/4) for the practice of open trench, which is brick open trench.

4. The height of the footrest is generally the height difference between the indoor terrace and the outdoor terrace, and the height size of the footrest can also be increased according to the needs of the facade.

See Fujian 97J09( 17/49) for toe binding of external wall, which adopts granite surface and the height is from outdoor terrace to indoor terrace.

5. For outdoor steps, see Fujian 86J90 1(4/7), 150 concrete steps and 12 thick terrazzo surface. Four, about the standard layer:

1, indicating the floor elevation; The height of toilets and balconies has been reduced.

2. See Xiexie 9 1J604 for aluminum alloy doors and windows. Code and numbering method of doors and windows: Doors and windows are marked with pinyin letters according to their opening forms for identification. The code is as follows: m gate;

G- fixed; T- push-pull; P flat type; C window; S-type suspension type; H- sliding support type; DM- spring door; A- open left; B- open right;

C2- size holes have the same form, but different windows.

3. See Fujian 86SJ60 1 for plywood doors.

4. The size of reserved holes in the ground of the kitchen exhaust duct of the eighth floor and below: 550×350.

The reserved hole size of the exhaust duct floor of the bathroom on the eighth floor and below: 430×300. Orientation of the house: Orientation is the most critical step to determine whether residential feng shui is prosperous or not. Before choosing a site, we must have a clear goal in mind, that is, to find a house with the most prosperous mountain. What kind of house with mountains is prosperous? This question puzzles many Feng Shui masters. If we adhere to the traditional principle of prosperous times and prosperous times, it is absolutely wrong. In order to truly and completely master the Sandy mountains of various meta-games, I think there are not many people in the whole geomantic field, but then again, if you are an expert, you can orient mountains and rivers, and you can do it well, but there are very few real experts! And there are many famous teachers! But a master is different from a famous teacher. Famous teachers may not be able to produce good feng shui, because today's famous teachers are all blown out with money, and only those who are truly talented and knowledgeable can be regarded as masters. After the selected sitting orientation is determined, the next step is how to lay out the house.

House layout: whether family life is smooth, whether family members are healthy, whether men, women and children are safe, 80% depends on whether the house layout conforms to the ancient imperial geomantic theory of our school (about 10% of which is influenced by external factors and about 10% comes from personal cultivation). The geomantic layout of modern houses is mostly based on the theory of flying stars, and everyone knows the door and the door. Only by using the method of emperor pole theory in ancient China to make a reasonable layout can we achieve the expected ideal effect.

Placement of goldfish bowls: Some families place goldfish bowls to promote wealth, while others place goldfish bowls to enhance aesthetic feeling. Whether it is to promote wealth or enhance the aesthetic feeling, the position of the goldfish bowl must be placed in the zero side, otherwise it will break the money.

Design of rockeries and fountains: Nowadays, many rich people start to decorate rockeries and fountains in some directions in their private yards in order to decorate their houses luxuriously. Who knows, rockeries and fountains have started, and houses are beautiful, but things that break money or cause serious disasters have also increased invisibly. There are many such examples. From the perspective of mastering Feng Shui, rockeries and fountains cannot be placed in the same direction, because you can't see water when you see mountains, and you can't see mountains when you see water. If it is in the same direction, there will be a fierce. If you need to make rockeries and fountains, you can't. But after all, there are not many Feng Shui schools that are really proficient in wind transport and water transport. Be careful, rich brothers! Interior design and geomantic omen

A house is like a human body, and the functions of each part of the room are like various organs of the human body, all of which have metabolic functions. Gas must circulate in a balanced way indoors, and the gas from the gate passage to the bedroom, kitchen, study and living room should flow in and out smoothly. Doors and windows, in particular, are the mouth and nose of the house, which separate the indoor and outdoor air. The gas of the gate is led to various spaces through indoor doors and windows, passages, walls, screens, corners, furniture and other items. Then, people who live in Fang Xian can be nourished by healthy and balanced qi. This kind of gas should not be too strong or too weak, but moderate, moderate and auspicious.

bedroom

People spend half their life in the bedroom, so the bedroom is the main point and center of the family. The leading idea of design is the spring of love. So the main tone should be comfortable, quiet and peaceful, which is conducive to rest. In particular, the bed should be auspicious, that is, angry, prolong life, be a doctor, and crouch for four auspicious days. People in the West Fourth Magnetic Field, west, northwest, southwest and complementary northeast: people in the East Fourth Magnetic Field, southeast, south and complementary north, are all good places to settle down.

study

The study is a place for reading and family wisdom. It should pay attention to lighting, good ventilation, quiet theme and the prosperity of the desk. The humanistic position of the house is the unity and Geng position in all directions; Kun Man Wenchang is in the northeast, ugly position: Gen Man Wenchang is in the southwest of Kun; The position of the exchange person is in the northwest; (The above is Xisi Magnetic Field Man).

living room

The hall is a place for family members to rest and communicate with the outside world. It determines the relationship between family and society, and determines the expansion of career. Its leading design concept is harmony and happiness. Therefore, the whole pattern should be elegant, steady and dynamic. In all houses, the living room should be located in the front position and connected to the porch.

kitchen

The kitchen symbolizes wealth and food, and the leading idea of design is abundance. So the kitchen should be bright and lively. The space should be as spacious and comfortable as possible, well ventilated and tidy. The location of the stove must be in Kyrgyzstan. (including the location of the faucet).

Spiritual tablet/memorial tablet

Religious belief, spiritual sustenance and the sacred status of mankind should all choose Kyrgyzstan. Design principle: solemnity, seriousness and aura. Note that Buddha and God cannot be put together, especially face to face.

If you believe it, you have it. No, you do. Ancient civilization still has its merits! Feng shui is also psychology and environmental science. As long as the environment is properly improved to cater to feng shui, it is not superstitious. Modern geomantic omen pays the most attention to qi, because qi is not only closely related to people's good or bad luck, intelligence, career success or failure, fortune opportunities, but also closely related to everyone's family happiness and health. In home feng shui, the most talked about is orientation. When it comes to this topic, many people will think of words like Qinglong and Baihu. In fact, this involves a regional issue, nothing too deep.

1) is related to the earth's magnetic field. We know that the earth is not pure round, but a little round, and the magnetic field has an influence on the blood flow of the human body. This will have an impact on human health.

2) The orientation is also related to the light angle between the sun and the earth. Under a certain degree of goodwill, it will also affect indoor lighting and affect people's psychology.

In fact, some popular geomantic sayings are correct to some extent, and it is not difficult for people with high school culture to analyze the reasons from a scientific point of view. We try to analyze it with very simple scientific knowledge:

1) The bedside should not face west. This is obvious, because the earth turns eastward, which will affect the blood flow of the brain, thus affecting sleep health.

2) Not applicable to beam coping. This is a psychological problem. There are clouds in Chinese painting, and the sky is thin and the ground is thick. There is a beam on the top of the head, which obviously produces a sense of oppression.

3) Don't be too close to the window. In fact, there are two problems when approaching the window. One is that the sound insulation performance of windows is lower than that of brick walls. When sleeping at night, people will hear louder noise than the sound away from the window. The other window is a light source, which will affect people's sleep.

4) Not suitable for looking in the mirror. This is actually an obvious psychological problem. In the bedroom at night, there is always a gloomy feeling when you look in the mirror, especially when you use a desk lamp instead of a fluorescent lamp in the bedroom.

5) It is not appropriate to face the door. What's wrong when people sleep in front of the door? This involves a problem of psychological security, just like sitting on a stool with our back to the door and our side to the door, we feel different.

We can test it in a very simple way, sleeping in a place where you sleep soundly. The next night, you can blow the fan of the computer case at home directly at you, and then sleep with the fluorescent lamp on, and you will feel what Feng Shui is. There really isn't. You can find a room with mosquitoes without hanging mosquito nets, lighting mosquito incense and spraying mosquitoes for fear of water. I promise you will look pale in a few days.

To sum up, residential geomantic omen is a comprehensive discipline consisting of eight disciplines: geophysics, hydrogeology, environmental landscape, ecological architecture, climate meteorology, cosmology, magnetic orientation and human bioinformatics. Excerpted from Therefore, whether building private houses, developing real estate projects, or planning and building cities, if we can attach importance to the research and application of Feng Shui science, we will achieve very ideal results in the construction process, and also make people feel comfortable and intimate with these buildings. People who live in such an environment will be physically and mentally healthy and happy.

Feng Shui Mode in Home Decoration

First, the bedroom is connected to the kitchen, and the two doors are opposite.

Bedrooms close to the kitchen fire source will bring hot air, which will make the adjacent bedrooms uncomfortable. When a kitchen fire accident occurs, it is easy for people to fail to reflect it. The kitchen is facing the bedroom door, which will bring humid air and make residents' health problems!

Second, there is a "through beam" in the center of the house.

A through beam refers to a house with beams and columns passing through the center of the house. Passengers are prone to accidents, such as car owners or fighting with others. Need to be careful to avoid, visually unsightly. Designers can be asked to cover the ceiling or improve it in other ways.

Third, the toilet is built on the cross line of the house.

House reticle is to draw a reticle with the center of the house. The toilet represents the gastrointestinal circulation system of the human body. If it is placed in the wrong position, it will often upset the residents' stomach and even affect the male pride of the male host. If you really can't change the position of the toilet, you may wish to keep the bathtub full of water at any time, which can improve this situation!

Fourth, there is a "cut case" in the house.

Chequering refers to the incompleteness of the house itself, such as the skylight on the roof, the side wall of the house being connected to the garage at will, or the beam and column of the house not conforming to other patterns. When we do interior decoration, we must be careful not to knock on the wall at will and change the internal structure, which not only has a negative impact on Feng Shui, but also may cause damage to the building structure and cause danger.

Fifth, the house has a "biological grid"

"Biological grid" means that there is a prominent structure in the appearance of the house. This protruding appendage is not commensurate with the house, and it accumulates like a burden on a person's body. For example, building a small house behind the original house, connecting with each other, or building it on the top floor belongs to this pattern. According to geomantic omen, the house where people live echoes the human body. If inappropriate appendages are added to the original intact house, it will cause diseases like tumors in the human body. However, if the overall planning can be done well and the appearance of the additional building can be coordinated with the theme of the house, it will not be limited by this pattern.

Sixth, the shape of the bedroom should be avoided.

Fang Zhujing meets the requirement of quietness, and her round initiative is not suitable for the sleeping atmosphere in the bedroom. Therefore, the bedroom should not be round, and even doors, windows, decorations and mirrors should be avoided as much as possible.

Seven, the bedroom table tennis number is too large.

Feng shui master construction: the bedroom should not be too large, otherwise it will make good luck disappear and evil spirits take advantage of it. From the current architectural point of view, if the bedroom is too big, it will feel empty and helpless, and it is not easy to sleep well. It will be colder in winter, which is not convenient for heating and affects the quality of sleep.

Eight, there is not enough light in the living room.

Feng shui in the living room is to be comfortable and bright. The ancient geomantic book said: "A bright room and a dark room", that is, the living room must be bright, the living room has insufficient lighting, and the air cannot circulate, which is prone to respiratory infection and fever. At the same time, living in a dark house for a long time is more likely to cause psychological or mental illness. If there is insufficient lighting in the living room, we have to turn on the lights to make up for the lack of lighting.

Nine, the door opens in the tiger.

The gate is where you can get angry. If the gate is opened in the wrong direction, the gas field may be bad and it is easy to get sick. Standing in the room facing the gate, the dragon side is on the left and the tiger side is on the right. The difference between the dragon face and the tiger face is that the dragon face is auspicious and has a good gas field, while the tiger face is just the opposite, which means it is not mainstream and meticulous. Therefore, the gate should be opened on the dragon side, so that the airflow that people often walk around will bring a good gas field.

10. The entrance to the gate is not the living room.

Near the gate, the living room is the best. As soon as you enter the door, you will see the restaurant or toilet, and then the living room. People living in it will have gastrointestinal diseases. After the gas comes in through the gate, it should be the living room. If you have to bypass the room, the living room will not be able to form a pattern of hiding wind and gathering gas, which will have a considerable impact on the health and career of the occupants.

Eleven, the porch should be lit.

Sundries should not be piled up at the entrance, which should always be unobstructed and bright, and a lamp should always be on at night. According to geomantic omen, if there are too many imported articles, it will easily lead to air siltation. If talents don't come, things will always feel unsmooth. In terms of home safety, placing too many items at the entrance and exit will hinder escape when emergency escape is needed, so we must not be careless.