Candidate list of capitals before the founding of New China:
Harbin, Xi'an, Kaifeng, Nanjing.
On the eve of the founding of the Republic of China, Harbin, the ice city in the north, was initially selected as the capital of New China. Recently, "Zhongshan Storm" revealed this little-known history.
Primary Capital - Harbin
Mao Zedong always felt that China is like a rooster, and Heilongjiang Province is like a soaring swan. Harbin is under this swan. People Harbin is called "the pearl under the swan's neck". Mao Zedong was well aware of Harbin's troubled years and the imperialist invasion and plunder, which gave it a strong colonial flavor. Expatriates from more than 30 countries have gathered here, and 16 countries have established consulates here, forming a city with a strong colonial character. An international city headed by Tsarist Russia. Thousands of industrial and commercial enterprises have been opened, various European-style buildings have been built, and trade has been frequent with world-class cities such as Tokyo, London, Paris, Berlin, and New York, making it the largest commodity market distribution center in Northeast China. On August 15, 1945, the former Soviet Red Army and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces liberated Harbin in one fell swoop, ending the 14-year colonial rule of Japanese imperialism. But soon the Kuomintang troops invaded in large numbers, and the Northeastern Democratic Allied Forces launched a self-defense counterattack. Harbin became the earliest big city liberated in China. It has always been the seat of the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northeast Administrative Committee, and is the political, economic and cultural center of the Northeast Liberated Area. Considering that Harbin was the safest big city at that time and the closest to the former Soviet Union, it was easy to obtain support and help from the Soviet Union. Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China specially approved Harbin as a special city, and attached great importance to this geomantic treasure land, and prepared to build it here Announced the establishment of New China.
Although the attention of Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was tilted to the northeast, Harbin was far away from Harbin after all, and it was not easy to transfer there. A transit place was needed in the middle, so North China was chosen. The summer resort of Chengde was planned to be the temporary seat of the Party Central Committee. On the eve of the Liaoshen Campaign, Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan of the Northeast Field Army called for instructions on moving the Party Central Committee to the Northeast. Considering the situation at the time, Mao Zedong responded by saying: "The Central Committee must stay in the pass, and I will not leave for the time being." Although. The matter of Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee going to Harbin in Northeast China was temporarily put on hold, but preparations for the Party Central Committee to move to Harbin were still being stepped up. For this reason, Zhou Enlai, Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, divided the Central Guard Corps into two parts. One part was left to protect the Party Central Committee and was still called the Central Guard Corps; the other part was renamed the Central Advanced Guard Corps, with Wu Lie as its leader. Li Yimin, the vice president of the university, was appointed political commissar and had more than 400 people under his command. On October 2, 1945, Wu Lie and Li Yimin led the Central Advanced Guard Corps to follow Li Fuchun, who was transferred to the Northeast to assume leadership positions. They set out from Yan'an and after more than a month of intense marching, they arrived at Chengde, a small town where the Hebei-Chahar-Reliao Liberated Area is located. , preparing to rush to Harbin.
Democrat Bingcheng Shangguo is
At this moment, the war situation in Northeast China changed dramatically. With the support of the United States, the Kuomintang frantically sent troops to the Northeast to seize transportation arteries. Mao Zedong decisively decided not to move the Party Central Committee to Chengde. The Central Military Commission ordered the Central Advanced Guard Corps to be reorganized on the spot and attached to the Hebei-Chahar-Reliao Military Region. On April 20, 1948, Mao Zedong issued a call to the whole country to convene a new political consultative conference and establish a coalition government, which received an enthusiastic response from people from all walks of life across the country. Preparatory work for the new CPPCC meeting has begun in full swing.
At that time, the Kuomintang still occupied half of China. It was not an easy task to bring those famous people to Dalian and then to Harbin to discuss the founding of the country. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai personally conceived several pick-up and drop-off plans. After several setbacks and Zhou Enlai's careful arrangements, democrats such as Shen Junru, Guo Moruo, and Li Jishen arrived safely in Harbin via Hong Kong in three batches. The fourth group of democrats including Huang Yanpei set out from Hong Kong on March 14, 1949, when Peiping and Tianjin had been liberated. The situation has changed greatly, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to hold the new CPPCC meeting in Peking.
Huang Yanpei and others arrived in Peiping on March 25. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai's move was very clever. History has proven that the new CPPCC meeting held by the Communist Party of China in 1949, with the participation of more than 300 democrats, was essentially different from the old CPPCC meeting held by the Kuomintang in 1949. The difference is praised by people all over the country.
Just after New Year's Day in 1949, while Mao Zedong was commanding three major battles to achieve brilliant victories, he was also constantly considering the issue of establishing the capital of New China. With the three major battles about to achieve complete victory, Mao Zedong believed that there was no need to go to Harbin to announce the birth of New China. But where to build the capital of New China has not yet been considered.
Wang Jiaxiang denied Nanjing and Xi'an
One day, Wang Jiaxiang and his wife Zhu Zhongli came to visit Mao Zedong.
Mao always believed that Wang Jiaxiang was one of China’s top experts on the former Soviet Union. Seeing the couple arriving, Mao Zedong said enthusiastically: "Jia Xiang, come on, come on, sit down quickly, I have something important to ask you for today." Mao Zedong continued: "Jia Xiang, I am always thinking about it in the future. Our army's main goal in fighting is to seize the enemy's big cities. I advocate that we should solve it peacefully if we can. This is a big problem. "Wang Jiaxiang is an intellectual revolutionary. He is very concerned about the situation in Moscow, the capital of the former Soviet Union. I did some research and had a unique study on the importance of cities. He readily agreed with Mao Zedong's views: "The chairman has made the right decision. The peaceful settlement of big cities is of great significance. It will not only quickly dismantle the Kuomintang regime, but also protect industry and commerce and prepare for economic construction after the founding of our country."
Mao Zedong was considering the peaceful liberation of Peiping at this time, so he waved his hand and raised a deeper question: "There is another meaning, which is to prevent the Chinese people from shedding more blood. The Chinese people are fighting for their own Too much blood has been shed in the cause of liberation!" Mao Zedong continued: "I just talked with Comrade Xu Xiangqian about the battle in Shanxi to see if we could find a way to peacefully liberate Taiyuan. Comrade Xu Xiangqian said that Yan Xishan is very stubborn and we have taken many measures. He used various methods to fight for the peaceful liberation of Taiyuan, and also mobilized Yan Xishan’s teachers to go to Taiyuan to do persuasion work. In the end, Yan Xishan ignored the friendship between teachers and students and killed this 80-year-old scholar! ”
Although! In this way, Mao Zedong still had great confidence in the peaceful liberation of Peking: "If half or more of the cities and regions in the country can be liberated peacefully, the sacrifices will be greatly reduced... Well, let's not talk about this issue today. , I just said that I have something important to ask you for advice. We will soon achieve national victory. I want to hear your opinion. In history, where is the best place for our government to set its capital? In Xi'an, it's Kaifeng, or Nanjing or Peiping. Where would it be better to set our capital? Although the central government has considered it, it has not yet been finalized. "Wang Jiaxiang's idea is different from Mao Zedong's. Conspiring together. Mao Zedong smiled and asked: "Oh, tell me your reasons." He first denied setting the capital in Nanjing, where Chiang Kai-shek was located. Mao asked: "How about Xi'an?" Wang Jiaxiang said: "The disadvantage of Xi'an is that it is too far west. This is no longer the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties. Today, the focus of China's economy is on the coast and Jiangnan, and Xi'an is not suitable."
Beijing was peacefully liberated and became the capital
Wang Jiaxiang went on to say: "I think the most ideal location for the capital is Peiping. Peiping is located in the coastal area and is within the economically developed circle. It also guards the throat area connecting Northeast China and Guan Nei. The strategic position is very important. At the same time, it is close to the sea, but the Bohai Sea is China's coastal sea and is protected by the two peninsulas of Liaoning and Shandong. In addition, Beiping was the imperial capital of the Ming and Qing dynasties for 500 years, and it is also very safe from the perspective of the people. Happy to accept. Taking into account these favorable conditions, in my opinion, our capital should be elected in Peking."
Reference: /s1021427/