1. Black soil: mainly distributed in the northeast plain of China. Because it is wet and cold, the microbial activity is weak, and the organic matter in the soil decomposes slowly and accumulates a lot, so the soil color is dark.
2. Loess: It is mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau of China, where the soil is yellow, which is due to the low content of organic matter in the soil.
3. Red soil: mainly distributed in hilly areas south of the Yangtze River, including most of Jiangxi and Hunan, southeastern Yunnan and Hubei, northern Guangdong and Fujian, parts of Guizhou, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu, and southern Tibet.
4. Blue soil: It is mainly distributed in the eastern part of China, because under the condition of poor drainage or long-term flooding, the iron oxide in red soil is often reduced to light green ferrous oxide, and the soil becomes grayish green, such as some rice fields in the south.
5. White clay: mainly distributed in western China. Saline soil and alkaline earth with high salt content such as magnesium and sodium are often white.