China's mausoleum building is deeply permeated with the content of etiquette. After the emperor died, the burial place was called "Ling", the vassal called "Feng" and the doctor called "Grave".
The size of the tomb, clothes and coffins, and burial ceremonies are strictly regulated according to the level. Stone archway The stone archway of Qing Xiling is the southernmost building in the mausoleum area. It was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), about two miles south of Dagongmen. There are 5 stone archways with 6 columns 1 1 floor, height 14m and width 28.
86 meters, it is the most beautifully preserved stone archway in China today. The stone clip of the archway is embossed on all sides, engraved with eight pairs of lion rolling hydrangeas and sixteen Yunlong patterns.
I saw the archway. A road in front of Shinto Mausoleum is called Shinto. Shinto is the auxiliary building of the mausoleum building and the main access to the mausoleum area.
Shinto runs through the north and south of the cemetery, with a total length of 7 kilometers, and goes straight to the gate of the long mausoleum. Stone statues were placed on both sides of the royal Shinto.
Stone life refers to the stone man and beast placed on both sides of Shinto. There are 12 pairs of stone beasts, which are sitting and standing. They are lions (symbolizing power), lions (symbolizing justice), camels (symbolizing traffic), elephants (symbolizing good luck and peace), unicorns (symbolizing good luck and peace) and horses (symbolizing fighting), among which camels, elephants and horses are means of transportation in different places, so they symbolize a vast territory; There are 12 stone men, including 4 military attaché s (symbolizing the imperial guard), 4 civil servants (symbolizing being close to civil servants) and 4 respected officials (symbolizing meritorious officials).
The stone man in front of the mausoleum, also known as Weng Zhong, has two symmetrical figures, namely the image of a civil servant and a military attache. There is a saying about the image, which comes from a strongman named Ruan in Qin Dynasty. It is said that he is 10 feet long and has great strength. He was stationed in Lintao and conquered the Huns.
After his death, the bronze statue of Weng Zhong specially made by Qin Shihuang stood outside Sima Gate of Xianyang Palace. Huns came to Xianyang, met the bronze man, and fled for Ruan who was alive.
From then on, people called the bronze men and stone men in front of the Forbidden City or Weng Zhongling as "bronze men". The stone beast in front of the mausoleum also has a history.
Stone beasts have been placed in front of the tomb since Huo Qubing's tomb in Han Dynasty. When later emperors built their own tombs, they also used the decorations of stone men and beasts in front of the tombs. So now, almost all the tombs of the Tang Dynasty, Song Ling, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty have stone men and beasts on display in front of their tombs.
These stone statues were built in the tenth year of Xuande (1435), and they reflect the etiquette of the emperor before his death and the dignity after his death. The stone statues are all carved from a whole stone, with large volume and fine carving. The largest stone statue is 30 cubic meters and weighs dozens of tons.
Changling, an underground building in the underground palace where the coffin of the deceased was placed, is the first mausoleum in the Ming Tombs, covering an area of 10 hectare. It is the burial tomb of the third generation emperor and empress Xu of the Ming Dynasty.
2. Who was the emperor who was dug up and whipped after death in history? One night in the second year of Jin Shengping (AD 359), ten years after Shi Hu's death, Murong Di (also known as Murong Jun), the former Yan emperor of Yecheng, had a terrible strange dream on the dragon couch of Shi Hu, the emperor of the post-Zhao Dynasty: he dreamed that a tiger came at him from the darkness, bit his arm, and suddenly blood was everywhere! Murong Miao was shocked, scared out in a cold sweat, and his bitten arm ached in his dream. He bared his teeth in pain and squeezed out two words: "Shi Hu! Subsequently, Murong Mu ordered people to dig up Shi Hu's mausoleum, severely flogged his body, and then threw Shi Hu's body into the Zhangshui River! According to "Zi Tongzhi Jian Juan Bai", it is recorded: "(AD 359) Meng Juan Zhao Zhuhu gnawed his arm and was the tomb of the tiger. He asked for a body but didn't get it. He bought one hundred gold.
3. At present, there are more than 500 imperial tombs in the Central Plains, of which at least 200 are basically complete, because 80% of the tombs from Shang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty are complete. Except for the three tombs outside the Pass, only the Tailing Mausoleum in Yongzheng, the Changling Mausoleum in Jiaqing, the Muling Mausoleum in Daoguang and most tombs of Empresses, Gege, Ago and Princes in Qing Dynasty are well preserved. All the other graves were opened and looted. Therefore, the end of the Qing tombs is tragic, which is the same as that of Yang's excavation of the Southern Song tombs in 1278. Now, the "500-odd Mausoleum in the Central Plains" refers to the imperial tombs, including both the personal tombs of emperors and the tombs of emperors and their families, namely the tombs of emperors, empresses and concubines. There are more than 2,000 ancient tombs preserved, which is still a conceptual figure. In fact, strictly speaking, it should completely exceed this conservative figure. This does not include some tombs that we don't know at present, including Cao Cao's tomb, Zhuge Liang's tomb and the legendary Er Qiao's tomb. Although he doesn't belong to the imperial tomb, I'm just giving an example here. So which tomb or tombs of emperors are specifically mentioned?
4. The origin and history of Shandong Quanfei Tomb, also known as Princess Tomb, is located at 15km west of Yicheng, in the middle of a ravine surrounded by mountains on three sides and open to the south.
The mound is about 8 meters high, with a bottom circumference of more than 60 meters and a top covered with pine and cypress. A spring water overflowed southward in front of the tomb.
In late autumn, persimmon trees are frosted, and red leaves are everywhere, reflecting the ancient tombs, which is quiet and thoughtful. The tomb area is backed by Phoenix Mountain, which is round and steep, connecting mountains with different peaks. There is Lion Mountain in the east, coming from the west of Qingtan, and the dome rock is huge and endless; Hold a peak in the middle, cut a few thousands of feet, and go straight into the sky.
The sun is on the mountain, the cliff is off the rock, the boulder is towering, and the mountains are tall and straight, like clusters of flowers; To the west is Xiangshan Mountain, and the mountain turns west to south, dragging a ridge down like a trunk. There are many strange rocks on the ridge.
According to Ming Fei Zhuan, Quanfei was a Korean who paid tribute to the virtuous Princess Shiquan. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Korean tribute women were sent to Nanjing and entered the harem.
Quanfei is beautiful, smart and good at blowing jade. Xiao Sheng, an elegant and beautiful girl, often appeared in the crowd in the backyard of the palace and was deeply loved by the Ming Emperor Judy. In the seventh year of Yongle (A.D. 1409), a virtuous princess was enshrined in Quanfeng's family, and her patriarchy was always Guangluqing.
In the eighth year of Yongle, there was a war in Mobei, and the border was in a hurry. The ancestor Judy personally signed, and the right princess served the emperor to the north. After the war, she returned to Beijing triumphantly, passing by, near the city (now Xuecheng), and her daughter died after being rescued.
Emperor Judy ordered his ministers and local officials to look for mountains and forests, to see the land of feng shui and to build a mausoleum, so he chose to bury his imperial concubine in front of Baimao Mountain in yi county. The whole flying tomb is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the terrain is magnificent. The south exit is like the gate of a cemetery. There is a stream in front of the gate, and the spring water overflows from the gap. There are lions in the southeast and giant elephants in the west, guarding both sides of the tomb.
Exactly: left lion and right elephant guard, emperor mother buried three mountains and one water. .