The layout of the mausoleum building follows the principle of "facing the front and sleeping behind" and is divided into three parts from south to north. The main buildings are all built on the central axis and symmetrically arranged on both sides, which are similar to the tombs of Ming emperors and have the characteristics of Manchu tombs.
Zhaoling covers an area of 6.5438+0.8 million square meters and is divided into three parts. From south to north, from dismounting north to the front of Zhenghong Gate, it includes Huabiao, Stone Chamber, Stone Archway, Dressing Hall and Slaughtering Hall. From Zhenghongmen to the middle of Fangcheng, including Huabiao, stone statue students, memorial archway and sacrificial room. Behind it are Fangcheng, Crescent City and Baocheng, which are also the main body of the mausoleum. The mausoleum area is long and narrow from north to south, long and narrow from east to west, surrounded by red, white and blue boundary markers, and its south side is also equipped with blocking trees, also known as "rejecting mamu". At the southernmost tip of the mausoleum area are Xiamabei, Huabiao and Shishi. Among them, there are four passes on the lower horse monument, a pair of Chinese watches and a pair of stone lions, which stand on both sides of the road respectively.
There is a god bridge to the north of Shishi. There used to be a polyester well in the west of Shenqiao, but it no longer exists. To the north of Shenqiao is a stone archway with a small courtyard on the east and west sides. Among them, the East Courtyard is the emperor's dressing pavilion and clean room, and the West Courtyard is the provincial sacrificial pavilion and building room.
Zhaoling archway is the main building in front, made of bluestone, with four columns and three floors. It is exquisitely carved and unique, and it is a rare artistic treasure. At the end of the arch is Zheng Hongmen. Zheng Hongmen is the south gate with a dazzling wall. The floor is towering and solemn, and the wings are decorated with five-color glazed dragon walls. Zhenghongmen is surrounded by a vermilion wall around the mausoleum area, also known as the "Feng Shui Wall". Zhenghongmen has a straight stone road called Shinto. From south to north, there are a pair of Optimus Prime, a pair of stone lions, a pair of stone unicorns, a pair of stone horses, a pair of stone camels and a pair of stone statues on both sides of Shinto. These stone beasts are collectively called "stone statues".
Stone statues have a beautiful watch, a stone beast and a great king's column, which stand opposite each other and are very solemn. The most exquisite stone beasts are Dabai and Xiaobai. These two stone horses are lifelike. It is said that these two stone horses are based on two horses that Qing Taizong loved to ride before his death.
At the end of Shinto is a tablet pavilion, opposite the Zhenghong Gate. It was built to celebrate the achievements of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty. There is a monument that reads "Zhaoling Shen Gong Shengde Monument". The words "Fang Chao" are on both sides of the exhibition hall. Fangchao in the east is a place to store etiquette ceremonies and make milk tea, while Fangchao in the west is a place to prepare meals and fruits.
To the north of the pavilion is Fangcheng. The main entrance of Fangcheng is called "Long 'en Gate", and there is a building on the door, commonly known as "Five Peaks Pagoda". Out of the pavilion, we arrived at the south gate of Fangcheng behind the Zhaoling Tomb in Long 'en Gate. Fangcheng is built like a city, located in the dazzling wall, as if it were a city within a city, and the Long 'en Hall is in the center of Fangcheng. The Long 'en Hall, with beautifully carved granite steps as its base, glittering yellow glazed tiles as its roof, and gold plaques as its painted beams and red walls, is extremely gorgeous.
In front of the Long 'en Temple, there is the Long 'en Gate, followed by the Ming Building, with attached halls and buildings on the left and right, and watchtowers at the four corners. The wing of Long 'entang is called "Fruit Hanging Room", which is a place to dry sacrificial fruits. There are two pillar gates and a stone altar behind Long 'en Temple, followed by the voucher gate and the Daming Building on the top.
After the Ming building, you can go to Baocheng. Baocheng, also known as Baoding, is crescent-shaped and located at the northern end of Fangcheng. Below the treasure city is the underground palace, where the coffins and funerary objects of the Qing Taizong couple are placed. Behind Baocheng is the artificial Lingshan, namely Long Ye Mountain.
Another feature of Zhaoling is the ancient pine group in the distance. There are more than 2,000 Gu Song trees in Zhaoling, which have been loose for more than 300 years, swaying tall and straight, covering the sky. These verdant pine trees constitute another magnificent landscape of Jin Wa Red Wall Zhaoling, among which "Shenshu", "Indus", "Couple Tree", "Sister Tree" and "Turtle Tree" have their own characteristics.
On the west side of the mausoleum, opposite Baoding, there is also a group of buildings called "Garden Sleeping of Princess Kang Hui Shu, a grand imperial concubine of Yijing", which is the jade land for burying concubines of Emperor Taizong. In addition, the eastern and western wings of the mausoleum also have tombs buried with them, each of which is 1000 meters. On the left are the tombs of Wu and Nanni, and on the right are the tombs of Deng Dali and Andari.
This form of hero's burial is the ancient mausoleum system, which embodies the desire of the ancient kings in China to "die as if they were things" and the tradition of loyalty to the monarch and strict hierarchy in ancient China.
In addition to the mausoleum area, there are buildings such as the Buddhist Scripture Building, Guandi Temple and Dianjiangtai. The layout of Zhaoling building strictly follows the rules of the mausoleum, such as the central axis and the front and rear bedrooms. The main building of the mausoleum is built on the north-south central axis, and other ancillary buildings are evenly arranged on both sides. This design embodies the supremacy of imperial power, and at the same time can make the building complex stable, balanced and unified.
The management of Zhaoling has two government offices: civil and military. One is called General Yamen, and the other is called Customs Yamen. The customs yamen is mainly responsible for the defense of the mausoleum area, and the customs yamen is responsible for the sacrifice and the general repair of the mausoleum building. In the late Qing Dynasty, although Zhaoling was still managed by the guards of Sanling, due to years of war, the national treasury could not make ends meet, and it was unable to carry out major repairs on Zhaoling, so that the cemetery buildings were dilapidated and withered.
Generally speaking, the main building of Zhaoling in Shenyang is still intact, the underground foundation is intact, the planning and layout are still complete, the ancient buildings and sites have not been disturbed and changed by future generations, and the natural environment has basically remained intact, with a high degree of authenticity and integrity.