Mr Xie is an academician of China Academy of Sciences and the founder of exploration geochemistry in China. In recent 20 years, more than 80% of newly discovered minerals in China were discovered according to the targets and clues provided by his regional geochemical mapping project. His father is the older generation geologist in China, the main founder of mineral deposit science in China and the main pioneer of economic geology in China, Mr. Xie. Xie was an academician of Academia Sinica, China Academy of Sciences and chief engineer of the General Survey Committee of the Ministry of Geology. He was the first person to notice oil exploration in the Northeast Plain.
Li Siguang didn't say that Daqing Oilfield was found by his theory.
For many years, it has been said in China that Daqing Oilfield was discovered under the guidance of Li Siguang's geomechanics theory. After the Cultural Revolution, geologists began to dare to express different opinions. Huang wrote that the discovery of Daqing Oilfield has nothing to do with Li Siguang's geomechanics theory.
When consulting Mr. Xie, he said: "Geomechanics really has nothing to do with the discovery of Daqing. Mr. Li Siguang did not say that Daqing Oilfield was discovered by his own original geomechanics theory. Two years after the discovery of Daqing Oilfield, one day he wrote to He Changgong, linking Daqing Oilfield with his own research for the first time. However, the original words at that time only said,' It proves once again that the view that North China Plain, Jianghan Plain and Songliao Plain are connected into three sections in the new Cathaysian subsidence zone is correct. This view is in line with the direction of petroleum exploration and deployment of the Ministry of Geology. Such a phrase "in the same direction" is interpreted as a story that has been told so far. Later, perhaps because of some political needs, the propaganda tone became higher and higher, and even newspapers and textbooks in primary and secondary schools said that Daqing Oilfield was found according to Mr. Li's geomechanics theory. Li also made a promise. In fact, when he wrote that letter, not only the drilling work of the Ministry of Petroleum had discovered Daqing Oilfield, but also oil sands were found in several places in North China and Jianghan. This is a discovery first, and then we will establish a theory two years later. Instead of using theory to guide discovery. Moreover, this theory, which was debunked two years later, that is, the settlement of New China has three sections, is only a tectonic theory, and has nothing to do with oil, let alone how to find oil. At that time, Xie and Huang, members of the Standing Committee of the Census Committee, were the specific deployment commanders of petroleum exploration in the Ministry of Geology, and they completely followed the traditional petroleum geology theory and geotectonic theory. In various documents drafted by the General Survey Committee of the Ministry of Geology at that time, there was no new term "New Cathaysian Subsidence Zone", and this theory was not used to guide the work in Northeast China. "
Huang did not use the theory of continental oil generation to guide the discovery of Daqing Oilfield.
While pointing out that Daqing Oilfield has nothing to do with Li Siguang's theory, Mr. Huang thinks that North China Plain, Songliao Plain, Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin are the key points of oil exploration, which is based on his and Pan Zhongxiang's continental oil generation theory and years of practice. What's going on here? Is the discovery of Daqing Oilfield related to the theory of continental oil generation?
Mr. Xie said: "Mr. Huang later made it clear that the discovery of Daqing Oilfield was based on his theory of terrestrial oil generation. This point was mentioned in his letter to Deng Xiaoping and the written statement that 1994 won the He Liang Heli Science and Technology Achievement Award. But I don't think this is realistic enough. In the early research work of Weng, Xie, Huang and Pan Zhongxiang, it was found that several oil fields in the west were produced in continental strata. However, the reserves of these oil fields are not large. The reserves of oil fields found in continental strata in other parts of the world are not large. No one thinks that a big oil field like Daqing can be found in continental deposits. Before 1955 decided to include the oil survey of Songliao Plain in the plan of the Census Committee, Mr. Huang had never written an article about the oil prospect of eastern China, let alone the oil prospect of Songliao Plain. At 1957, when Mr. Huang mentioned terrestrial oil generation in his report, he only said: "1943, we put forward the importance of terrestrial oil generation according to the work results in Xinjiang and other places ... but in the world, marine oil generation undoubtedly still occupies an absolutely important position. In the future, we should continue to pay attention to terrestrial oil generation, but we should pay more attention to marine oil generation. "Marine facies is superior to terrestrial facies. Under the same other conditions, it is better to have marine sediments in sedimentary basins than no marine sediments. For Songliao Plain, he just said,' The southern plain is located in the south of Faku ... Tertiary marine strata may exist. The key problems in Songliao Plain are: (1) strengthening geophysical exploration and further dividing the structural units under the plain; (b) Using shallow drilling to study the lithofacies characteristics, distribution law and the possibility of oil generation and storage of Songhua River Formation. His words show that he did not use the theory of continental oil generation to guide the discovery of Daqing Oilfield.
"Before the discovery of Daqing Oilfield, geologists imagined that it was possible to find a very important marine tertiary reservoir in the world in Songliao Plain. This is logic and common sense, so it is beyond reproach. In view of the possibility of marine tertiary under the Songliao Plain discovered at that time, it is unthinkable to use the theory of continental oil generation to guide the work without imagining that marine oil fields may be discovered, because this violates the minimum logic. "
Xie said, "I agree with Mr. Zhang Lisheng:' History should not be written like this. After Daqing Oilfield was discovered and proved to be a continental oil-generating oilfield, some people said that Daqing Oilfield was discovered by the theory of continental oil generation. Following the discovery of Daqing Oilfield and the discovery of multi-layer oil sands in several drilling sites in North China and Central China, it is said that according to the instructions of Minister Li, the oil exploration of the new tectonic system in China has been successful. This is the same as shaping and dressing up history, not reflecting it. " "
Petroleum geological survey is the most important link in the discovery chain of Daqing Oilfield.
In recent years, many people have written that Mr. Xie's contribution to the discovery of Daqing Oilfield has been obliterated or underestimated. In this regard, Mr. Xie stressed that the most important thing is not to discuss the contribution of any individual, but the historical truth of the whole process of discovery in Daqing Oilfield.
He said, "Li Siguang and Huang are different from my father. Mr. Li and Mr. Huang are mainly theoretical geologists. Before liberation, their interest was mainly theoretical research, especially Mr. Li, who knew little about the specific prospecting practice. The development of the country after liberation urgently needs to solve the practical problem of finding mineral deposits. At this time, theorists can easily think of "their own theory" and try to rely on reality. My father prefers to say that he is an economic geologist, and his main interest is to skillfully use all available effective theoretical knowledge and methods to find minerals. He emphasized theoretical prospecting, and there are often new ideas and his own theories in concrete implementation. But he never emphasized' my theory'. Although he clearly pointed out before the founding of New China: "So far, the most important mineral that has not been discovered in Northeast China is oil. "And there are articles published constantly saying that although marine oil generation is the main oil source of oil fields all over the world, under the geological conditions of China, we should also pay attention to terrestrial oil generation. However, I think these are not the most important. The most important thing is that we can now look at the whole discovery process of Daqing Oilfield realistically and find out which are the key links and who plays the key role in this so-called discovery chain. "
Xie said: "The first important link is that Ruan Weizhou, Weng, Xie, Sun Jianchu and Gao Zhenxi predicted that there might be oil reserves in the Northeast Plain. In particular, Xie repeatedly emphasized the oil-bearing prospect of the Northeast Plain, and named it Songliao Plain (or Songliao Basin) on June 1953 according to the broad oil-bearing prospect of the Northeast Plain. Then, on the eve of the national large-scale petroleum survey (1954), Xie published "China Oil-producing Areas and Possible Oil-bearing Areas", which were divided into three types of ***20 oil-bearing areas, and Songliao Plain was listed as one of the eight "possible oil-bearing areas with great hope inferred from geotectonics, but oil and gas seedlings were not widely distributed or proved". Later, Li Siguang also used the term "Songliao Plain" and said, "The North China Plain and Songliao Plain deserve a good inspection. "In that case. In addition, Soviet experts are also optimistic about Songliao Plain, pointing out that the vast plain with few geological data has oil prospects. These are the theoretical basis for oil exploration in Songliao Plain. "
Xie believes that the second important link is 1955, the first petroleum survey meeting of the Ministry of Geology. He said: "Xie gave a long report" General Survey of Oil and Gas Reserves "at this meeting. He pointed out at the meeting that "it is very necessary to conduct a large-scale comprehensive geological survey in oil-bearing areas and possible oil-bearing areas throughout the country. "He strongly opposed the usual method at that time, that is, detailed investigation and drilling were only carried out near the discovery of oil seedlings and places with high geological research. After this meeting, according to the spirit of the meeting, the General Assembly organized a large number of teams to conduct oil surveys in various places. We can clearly see from Xie 1955' s diary that he and Mr. Huang personally deployed projects all over the country almost day and night, worked out plans, worked out working methods, and went to the field for field visits and guidance. After the first oil survey meeting, Xie and Huang jointly put forward the oil geological exploration project in Songliao Plain, and insisted on making arrangements that year. Mr. Huang asked Su Yunshan to collect information and draft the census task book, and Xie personally drafted the Work Method of Petroleum Geological Survey in Songliao Plain. Petroleum geological exploration in Songliao Plain is the most important link in the discovery chain of Daqing Oilfield. Because of the geological survey project, Songliao Plain can be formally included in the comprehensive oil survey area at 1956, and then there will be large-scale comprehensive oil survey activities throughout Songliao Plain at 1956 and 1957. "
The Hungarian seismic team played a key role in the discovery of Daqing Oilfield.
So, in the process of census, which link is particularly important?
Mr. Xie Jinxue said: "The third important link is that the Hungarian earthquake team discovered the placanticline structure and the geological department drilled oil sands. At that time, the earthquake team of Etvos Institute in Hungary was world-famous. Therefore, China made arrangements to invite the Institute's seismic team to China for seismic exploration and to help train technicians in seismic methods in China. The work place is located in the west. Mr. Gu later told me personally that by the end of 1956, the work of the earthquake team of the Western Etworth Institute had been completed, but the contract period had not expired. Despite Xie and He, I want to keep this team and choose another area. Gu said that in view of the progress made in petroleum geological survey in Songliao Plain at that time, Xie, Huang and Liu decided to transfer the Hungarian seismic team to Songliao Plain to engage in petroleum seismic work. 1957, Hungarian earthquake team entered Songliao plain. The next year, they discovered the placanticline structure in this area. Then, the geological department drilled a general survey on the structure and saw the oil sands! This important achievement has greatly improved the oil and gas exploration prospect in Songliao Plain. As a result, the two departments concentrated on drilling wells in this area, and finally determined the well locations of the first, second and third wells in songji. "
Mr. Xie pointed out: "The work of the Hungarian earthquake team has made a key contribution to the discovery of Daqing. But no one has ever mentioned them. It seems that we in China got help and then forgot all about them. I don't think this should be. We should treat history truly. "
"The fourth important link in the discovery of Daqing Oilfield," Mr. Xie emphasized, "is the large-scale drilling conducted by the Ministry of Petroleum on the basis of the geological work of the Ministry of Geology."
He said, "Mr. Gu told me that in the early morning of the Spring Festival, 1959, He Changgong called and asked him to send the information to He's home at once. He went to Yu Hekang and the people in the oil department. There are many photos hanging in the living room. Yu Qiuli squatted on the ground and looked at the drawings, dangling his empty sleeves. Gu said that what he remembers best is that after listening to the report, Yu said, I will take 200 people tomorrow and rush to the scene immediately. Since then, under extremely difficult conditions, with the courage of Minister Yu and the spirit of visiting the fire line, and with the wonderful oil geophysical exploration work of the petroleum geologists of the Ministry of Petroleum, the well location of Songji No.3 was correctly determined, and finally the oil was drilled and injected before the National Day of that year, thus discovering Daqing Oilfield, and the whole country was jubilant. "
Xie said: "Obviously, prospecting is not a purely academic activity. First of all, it always involves many tried and tested theories of mineralization and accumulation. We need to apply these theories according to experience and keen insight, but sometimes we can't be limited by them. In order to make a correct decision, it is necessary to have a clear strategic deployment, advanced technical methods, careful engineering deployment and unremitting work. It is through such a discovery chain that Daqing Oilfield has succeeded hard and fortunately. To be honest, its discovery has nothing to do with anyone's original theory. It is the fact that such a large oil field can be found in continental strata-this is also a joke played by natural and theoretical geologists, which not only promotes oil exploration in North China, Shandong, Jianghan and other regions, but also promotes the theoretical research of petroleum geology. "
The author understands that Xie and Xie, who directly directed the oil survey in those years, were all classified as Rightists when they opposed the Rightists. Huang is classified as a "rightist" and will not be reused. Xie committed suicide after being criticized and insulted in the early days of the Cultural Revolution. Liu Yi, an old revolutionary cadre, was later sent to the northeast to reform through labor and died in a tree. Therefore, people who really played a key role in the discovery of Daqing Oilfield are easily forgotten.
At the same time, the discovery of Daqing Oilfield was not discovered by Li Siguang's theory, nor by Wang Jinxi drilling crew. 1September 26th, 959 Wang Jinxi is in the northwest and has not been transferred to Daqing. 1before he started drilling in Daqing on April 4, 960, wells Portugal 7, Portugal 20, Portugal 4, Portugal 1 1, Tai 2, Sa 66 and Xing 66 had produced oil. Wang Jinxi's admirable spirit was formed in the later development of Daqing Oilfield. In the final sprint of Daqing Oilfield discovery, the middle and lower technicians of the Ministry of Petroleum are the most important contributors.
We should remember those who are neglected by us.