Every family's cultural level, hobbies, occupations, social objects and economic strength are different, so their choice of room decoration and lighting also depends on the actual situation.
Indoor lighting has different styles according to different conditions.
But the purpose of decoration is basically the same, that is, it is economical, practical, beautiful, convenient, safe and reliable. Therefore, when selecting lamps and implementing lighting, we need to deal with the following relations.
1, the relationship between general lighting and local lighting.
People are used to having a "main light" for general lighting in a room, which is mostly installed in the center of the room and equipped with a chandelier or ceiling lamp.
In addition, according to the needs of local lighting or auxiliary lighting, wall lamps, table lamps and floor lamps are set as "auxiliary lamps".
The so-called "main light" and "auxiliary light" are relative, and under certain conditions, their functions will also be replaced.
For example, if the height of a room is less than 2.5M and the area is not large, it is not appropriate to set up multi-layer lamps, especially large chandeliers. One or two beautiful wall lamps can be used for general lighting and decoration.
A desk lamp is used for study and work at night, and the lampshade is made of translucent plastic, and the upper diffused light can also meet the lighting needs.
2. Determine the principle of lighting style.
People's cultural level, hobbies, ages and occupations are different, and the styles of arranging lamps are also different.
Therefore, setting lighting should proceed from reality and according to personal hobbies, in order to obtain the specific style and effect of lighting.
Lighting requirements of different occupations: people who engage in mental work generally like to be quiet, like reading books, designing drawings, researching materials, etc. They need diversified lighting settings, desk lamps for work, floor lamps for reading and bedside lamps for reading newspaper information.
Lighting requirements of different age groups: Due to age differences, they have different standards for lighting requirements:
Old people-old people have simple living habits and love to be quiet. The color and shape of the lamps used should set off the elegant demeanor of the elderly.
The main lamp can be matched with a chandelier or ceiling lamp in the shape of a palace lamp.
In order to facilitate the elderly to get up at night, a low-light ever-burning lamp can be set at the bedside.
Middle-aged people-middle-aged people are the heads of families and the pillars of their careers. They strive to be concise and bright in decorative modeling and color.
Fabric lamp should not only reflect the personality, but also reflect the main style, such as the use of revolving arm desk lamp or floor lamp, which is convenient for study and work.
Young people-young people should highlight the novelty, strangeness and uniqueness of lighting.
The main light should show personality, be creative in shape and bright in color.
Wall lamp requires love as the theme in modeling, and the light source requires warmth and romance (especially for girls).
Standard luminosity
Indoor Lighting In a family with insufficient living space, the living room is not only a place for daily activities, but also a reception room.
So in addition to basic lighting, local lighting, such as desk lamps, wall lamps, vertical lamps, etc. It can not only illuminate people's activities, but also enrich the indoor artistic atmosphere with its unique lighting method.
Generally speaking, the living room above 12m-2 should have a basic lighting and 2-3 local lighting.
The illumination of the desktop and working surface should not be lower than 150lx.
It is ideal to use a semi-direct lamp with soft light in the living room, and its average illumination should reach about 100lx.
The power of reading and writing lamp can be large, and the illumination should reach 200lx.
For watching TV, you need to dim the lights in the whole room, but you can't turn them off completely, otherwise your eyes will be tired easily.
Therefore, the TV background brightness should reach 30lx, and the surrounding environment should reach 3lx.
Basic requirements of bedroom
The bedroom is a room to rest and sleep, which requires good privacy.
Therefore, it is required that the light should be soft and not stimulated by strong light, so that people can fall asleep more easily and eliminate fatigue as soon as possible.
The average illumination of the bedroom should not exceed 50lx, and the lighting form should be indirect or semi-indirect.
Basic lighting should be placed in the center of smallpox, and a wall lamp or desk lamp can be placed at the bedside, and the power of the lamp can be 25-40W.
The desk lamp should be placed on the bedside table, and spotlights can also be installed on both sides of the bedside.
Small combination wall lamps made of small fluorescent tubes or incandescent bulbs can be installed on both sides of the mirror for dressing.
Kitchen lighting
The average illuminance of kitchen lighting should be around 200lx, and the kitchen should have not only basic lighting, but also local lighting.
Table top, dining table, washing machine, stove, etc. Should be fully illuminated.
There should also be lighting in the locker. Open the door as soon as it opens, and close it as soon as it closes, which is convenient and saves electricity.
Kitchen lamps should be waterproof, simple in shape and easy to clean.
lavatory
The illumination level of the bathroom should reach 100lx.
If the bathroom room is not good, then set lamps next to the mirror; Basic lighting should be installed in the big bathroom, and ceiling lamps or wall lamps can be used.
25W is enough for the lamp in front of the cosmetic mirror.
The water vapor in the bathroom is large, so the waterproof and vapor-proof performance of lamps is relatively high.
Because there is much water in the bathroom, the installation of electrical appliances is absolutely safe; People should not touch any electrical switch in the bathroom to avoid danger.
classify
Lighting is the eyes of furniture.
In modern home decoration, the function of lamps is not only limited to lighting, but also plays a decorative role.
Therefore, the choice of lamps and lanterns is much more complicated, involving not only safety and electricity saving, but also many factors such as material, type, style and taste.
A good lighting may suddenly become the soul of home decoration, making your living room or bedroom look radiant and add a little warmth and interest.
So in home decoration, the choice of lighting becomes very important.
model
From different angles, lamps can be divided into different types.
For example, from the perspective of lamps, it can be divided into fluorescent lamps, magnesium lamps, incandescent lamps, energy-saving lamps, neon lamps and so on. They have different colors and brightness, so they are used in different places.
For example, energy-saving lamps are efficient and energy-saving, which may be more suitable for kitchens and bathrooms, while incandescent lamps are more suitable for bedrooms because of their soft light; Neon lights are colorful, so they are often used in places that need to decorate the atmosphere.
Appearance and function of lamps In terms of appearance and function, lamps can be mainly divided into chandeliers, ceiling lamps, cover lamps, spotlights, fluorescent lamps and desk lamps.
There are two kinds of chandeliers: single chandelier and multi-head chandelier.
Single-head chandeliers are mostly suitable for kitchens and restaurants, and multi-head chandeliers are mostly suitable for living rooms.
A chandelier usually has a white lampshade.
There are two kinds of lampshades, one is that the lamp mouth is downward, and the light can directly illuminate the room, and the light is bright.
The other is that the lamp mouth is upward, and the light is projected onto the ceiling and then reflected indoors, and the light is soft.
There are many styles of chandeliers.
Single-head chandeliers, such as white spherical lampshades and flowerpot lampshades, are elegant, bright and colorful.
Multi-head chandeliers are generally flower-shaped and have various colors.
There are two kinds: one-layer multi-lamp and multi-layer multi-lamp
There are many styles, so we should not only pay attention to beauty and generosity, but also proceed from reality, taking into account the overall style of the room and the safety of electricity, and choose carefully.
Ceiling lamp, also called ceiling lamp, belongs to low-grade lamps and is generally installed directly on the ceiling.
Used in aisles, corridors, balconies, toilets and other places.
There are two kinds of lampshades: white glass and PS board.
There are various shapes, such as rectangle, square, circle, sphere, cylinder and so on. The light sources inside are incandescent lamps, energy-saving lamps, table lamps, and so on.
It is characterized by being more popular and more economical.
Cover lamp, as the name implies, is to cover the lampshade with a lampshade, and then fixedly project it on a certain area.
Generally used in ceiling, bedside and cabinet.
You can hang it or land it.
In terms of style, there are many kinds of wall lamps, such as barrel lamps, downlights, flowerpot lamps, recessed lamps and downlight lamps.
There are various uses, such as lighting and special light and shadow effects.
In general, the wattage should not be too large, which is more convenient to create a soft indoor environment.
There are many kinds of spotlights, which are mostly used for effect and embellishment.
Colors are pure white, beige, light gray, gold, silver, black and other tones; Shapes are long and round, with different sizes.
Because the shape is exquisite and small, it is very decorative.
So generally speaking, it is often placed in a decorative place in various combinations, which reflects the exquisite life and unique taste of the owner from the details.
In the choice, because it is a typical decorative lamp, so the appearance grade and the light and shadow effect can not be considered too much.
Fluorescent lamps, also known as fluorescent lamps, are widely used.
There are many shapes, such as cylinder, ring and U-shape.
Its biggest characteristics are bright, energy-saving, scattering and shadowless, and it is a typical lamp with poor decorative effect.
So pay more attention to its lighting effect when purchasing.
Finally, the table lamp is introduced.
Desk lamps are mostly used in bedside, writing desk and other places. There are generally two kinds, craft desk lamp and writing desk lamp. The former is decorative, while the latter focuses on use.
So when you buy a desk lamp, you should pay attention to this difference and consider what the purpose of buying a desk lamp is. If you mainly decorate the room, you can focus on the craft desk lamp. If writing lighting is the main thing, writing desk lamps should be the main thing.
explain
The above introduction is the classification and style of lamps.
From the most primitive function of lamps and lighting, the choice of lamps and lanterns.
In addition to the decorative function of lamps, one of the basic uses of lamps is for indoor lighting.
Many people think that since lights are used for lighting, the brighter the better.
In fact, there is a certain relationship between the indoor space area and the brightness of lamps. Too bright and too dark will do harm to eyes, and it is not cost-effective from the perspective of saving electricity.
Only consider the lighting effect, regardless of other factors such as atmosphere, room space area (square meter) lighting wattage.
Room area (square meters): 15, 18, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80.
Lighting (Watts): 60,80, 100,150,220,280,300,350,400,450.
material
In addition to lighting factors, the material of lamps is also a key factor to be considered, because it may directly affect the life of lamps.
There are many kinds of materials for lamps, generally speaking, there may be metals, plastics, glass, ceramics and so on. Generally speaking, metals have long service life, corrosion resistance and are not suitable for aging. Like the more fashionable wrought iron lamp, it has a long service life, but it may also be out of date because of too long time.
General lighting metal parts, such as screws. It may be oxidized slowly, and the general use time is about 5 years.
Plastic lamps have short service time, fast aging speed and easy deformation when heated.
During installation, special attention should be paid to the firmness of components such as base bracket.
Generally speaking, the lighting service life of glass and ceramics is long.
safe
Moisture-proof measures: The kitchen lamps in bathrooms, bathrooms and kitchens need to be equipped with moisture-proof lampshades to avoid being immersed in moisture, which may lead to corrosion damage or short circuit.
Now there are special moistureproof bathroom lights on the market, which are safer and more reliable.
fixed
general requirements
Indoor lighting 1, lamps and accessories should be complete before installation, without mechanical damage, deformation, paint peeling, broken lampshade and other defects.
2. According to the installation position and use of lamps and lanterns, the minimum cross section of the wire core leading to each lamp shall comply with the provisions of relevant regulations and norms.
3. When installing the electric lighting device in the masonry structure, the embedded hook, bolt, screw, expansion bolt, nylon plug or plastic plug should be used for fixing; It is forbidden to use wooden wedges.
When the design is not specified, the bearing capacity of the above-mentioned fixing parts should match the weight of the electric lighting device.
4. In dangerous and special dangerous places, when the height of lamps from the ground is less than 2.4m, lighting lamps with rated voltage of 36V and below should be used or protective measures should be taken.
Lamps and lanterns shall not be directly installed in combustible parts; When the high-temperature parts on the surface of lamps are close to combustible substances, heat insulation and heat dissipation measures should be taken.
In substation, lamps and lanterns should not be installed directly above high and low voltage distribution equipment and buses.
Outdoor installation of lamps and lanterns, the height from the ground should not be less than 3 meters; When installed on the wall, the height from the ground should not be less than 2.5 meters.
Connection of screw socket
1, the wiring should be connected to the terminal of the central contact, and the zero line should be connected to the threaded terminal.
2. The insulating shell of the lamp holder should not be damaged or leaked.
3. For the lamp holder with switch, the switch handle should not have exposed metal parts.
Ceiling lamps with incandescent bulbs, the bulbs should not be close to the lampshade; When the distance between the bulb and the insulation table is less than 5 mm, heat insulation measures should be taken between the bulb and the insulation table.
The installation of lamps and lanterns is 1. When the steel pipe is used as the suspender of lamps and lanterns, the inner diameter of the steel pipe should not be less than10 mm; The thickness of steel pipe wall should not be less than1.5mm. ..
2. The lamp wire of the catenary lamp should not be pulled, and the lamp wire should be woven with the catenary.
3. Both ends of the cord of the cord chandelier should be protected, and the core wires at both ends should be tinned.
4, the same indoor or place rows of lamps and lanterns, the centerline deviation should not be greater than 5 mm.
5. Fluorescent lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps and their accessories should be used together, and the installation position should be convenient for inspection and maintenance.
6, lamps and lanterns should be fixed firmly.
There shall be no less than 2 screws or bolts for fixing each lamp; When the diameter of the insulating platform is less than or equal to 75 mm, it can be fixed with 1 bolts or screws.
Special lighting requirements
Emergency lighting and evacuation instructions used in public places should be clearly marked.
Automatic energy-saving switch should be installed for lighting in public places without special management.
Each group of street lamps shall be equipped with fuses on the phase lines.
Conductors introduced into street lamps by overhead lines should be waterproof and bent at the entrance of the lamp.
Installation requirements for lighting transformers of 36V and below:
1, the power supply side should have short-circuit protection, and the rated current of its fuse should not be greater than that of the transformer.
2, shell, iron core and any end of the low voltage side or citic point, should be grounded or zero.
Requirements for lamps fixed on mobile structures
Its wires should be laid inside the mobile structure.
When moving the frame, the wires should not be pulled and worn.
When the chandelier weighs more than 3kg, it should be fixed with embedded hooks or bolts. When the weight of the cord chandelier lamp is greater than 1 kg, a hanging chain should be added.
Installation requirements of metal halide lamps
1, the installation height of lamps and lanterns should be more than 5 meters, and the wires should be connected with lamps and lanterns through terminals, and they should not be close to the surface of lamps and lanterns.
2. Lamp must be used together with trigger and current limiter.
3. Protective measures should be taken for the reflective lighting installed on the floor.
Install decorative lights embedded in the ceiling 1. Lamps and lanterns should be fixed on a special frame, wires should not be close to the lamp shell, there should be a margin in the light box, and the frame of lamps and lanterns should be close to the ceiling surface.
2. The frame of rectangular lamps and lanterns should be parallel to the decorative straight line on the ceiling surface, and the deviation should not be greater than 5 mm. ..
3. For surface-mounted lamps with fluorescent tube combination, the tubes should be arranged neatly, and there should be no defects such as distortion of metal or plastic gaskets.
Installation requirements of lamps and lanterns
The diameter of the pre-plane cylinder used to fix the hook of the lamp shall not be less than the diameter of the hanging pin hook of the lamp and shall not be less than 6mm.
For large lamps, the fixed and hanging devices for hoisting lamps shall be subjected to load test according to 1.25 times the weight of lamps.
The glass cover of large lamps installed in large places should be prevented from splashing after being broken according to the design requirements.
Lamps and protective lights must be installed firmly (especially chandeliers).
Ordinary hanging line, etc. , the light with the weight below 1 kg can be directly hoisted by flexible cords, and the light with the weight above 1 kg needs to be hoisted by chain slings, and the flexible cords should be chained to avoid pulling wires.
When using the cord chandelier, tie a knot in the hanging box and the lamp holder.
When the steel pipe is used as the hanger of lamps and lanterns, the inner diameter of the steel pipe is generally not less than10 mm.
When the weight of lamps exceeds 3 kg, they must be connected to the ceiling through embedded hooks or bolts.
The diameter of the round steel of the fixing hook shall not be less than 6mm.
When hanging and fixing a large chandelier with a special winch, it should be done as follows: the ratchet wheel of the winch must have a locking device; The tensile strength of winch wire rope shall not be less than 10 times the weight of lantern.
Lamps must be installed to prevent electric shock.
When the metal shell of the lamp must be grounded, it should be connected to the grounding grid through grounding bolts.
When using screw base for lamps and lanterns, the phase line should be connected to the top of the base, and the zero line should be connected to the screw.
Courtyard lights should be fused.
The installation of lamps and lanterns must be flameproof.
When all kinds of lamps are installed in flammable structures or wooden ceilings, fire prevention or heat insulation should be done around the lamps.
Tungsten halogen lamps cannot be installed on wood or other flammable materials.
Install lamps and lanterns to match their own lines with those of indoor buildings.
The edge of the rectangular luminaire should be parallel to the decorative line of the ceiling.
When lamps and lanterns are installed symmetrically, their vertical and horizontal central axes should be on the same straight line.
An open lamp with multiple fluorescent lamps combined.
These pipes should be arranged neatly.
Maintenance of lamps and lanterns must use lamps and lanterns with predetermined voltage and frequency.
All grounding lamps must be regularly checked for grounding.
Special and specified lamps are generally used at an ambient temperature of 5-35℃.
Lamps used indoors cannot be moved to outdoor use.
Ordinary light bulbs should not be used on the tops and parts of heaters such as electric furnaces, gas stoves and kerosene stoves, nor should they be used in places where they are in direct contact with steam.
The light bulb in the lamp should not exceed the specified wattage.
When replacing lamps, removing covers and fuses, the power supply must be cut off.
Check the floor heater of the safety lighting to ensure that there is nothing abnormal.
The emergency light cannot be used after it is turned on in high temperature gas (140 degrees Celsius), and a new light should be replaced.
Articles such as paper and cloth should not be placed near or covered with lighting equipment.
Lamps and lanterns can no longer be repaired in places with dangerous substances such as gas and steam, but should be repaired in general places; Not in progress, but make sure it's safe.
Scrub the lamps with warm water or wring out a cloth soaked in soapy water. Do not use gasoline or volatile oil.
Polishing powder should not be used at will in the metal parts of lamps.
Clean the dust behind the lamps with a dry cloth or rag.
If there is any abnormality in the use of lamps, stop using them, cut off the power supply and check them.
indoor lighting
It is not enough to have a chandelier in the living room, but also to have comprehensive lighting considerations.
Indoor lighting generally follows the following principles.
The lighting of the living room should consider the requirements of multifunctional use, such as setting the main light source, decorative lighting, floor lamp, etc. Sometimes, dimming devices can be set in the living room to meet the needs of different functions.
The local lighting of the dining room should use chandeliers to highlight the effect of the dining table, and at the same time set up general lighting to make the whole room have a certain brightness and show a sense of cleanliness.
Lamps and lanterns in the kitchen should be easy to clean, such as glass or enamel lampshades with moisture-proof lampholders.
The entrance is the place that gives people the first impression when entering the room, so it should be bright. At the junction of the entrance and the deep room, the position of lamps should be considered to avoid leaving a shadow on the visitor's face.
Setting lights on the cabinets or walls in the lobby will make the lobby feel spacious.
Lighting in the corridor should be placed at the entrance and exit of the room, closet, especially at the beginning and orientation of the stairs.
When setting the chandelier, the lower end of the lamp should be more than 1.9M from the ground.
Stair lighting should be bright to avoid danger.
The bathroom needs bright and soft light, because the lighting switch in the bathroom is frequent, so it is more appropriate to choose incandescent lamp as the light source.
The position of bathroom lamps should avoid being installed on the toilet or bathtub and behind it.
If the switch is a seesaw, it should be located outside the bathroom door, otherwise it should be a cable switch made of moisture-proof and waterproof panel or insulating rope.
General lighting and sockets of every household should be wired separately. Besides overload and short circuit protection, leakage protection and overvoltage and undervoltage protection devices should be installed in the socket circuit.
Installation and maintenance procedures
General requirements 1, lamps and accessories should be complete before installation, without mechanical damage, deformation, paint peeling, broken lampshade and other defects.
2. According to the installation position and use of lamps and lanterns, the minimum cross section of the wire core leading to each lamp shall comply with the provisions of relevant regulations and norms.
3. When installing the electric lighting device in the masonry structure, the embedded hook, bolt, screw, expansion bolt, nylon plug or plastic plug should be used for fixing; It is forbidden to use wooden wedges.
When the design is not specified, the bearing capacity of the above-mentioned fixing parts should match the weight of the electric lighting device.
4. In dangerous and special dangerous places, when the height of lamps from the ground is less than 2.4m, lighting lamps with rated voltage of 36V and below should be used or protective measures should be taken.
Lamps and lanterns shall not be directly installed in combustible parts; When the high-temperature parts on the surface of lamps are close to combustible substances, heat insulation and heat dissipation measures should be taken.
In substation, lamps and lanterns should not be installed directly above high and low voltage distribution equipment and buses.
Outdoor installation of lamps and lanterns, the height from the ground should not be less than 3 meters; When installed on the wall, the height from the ground should not be less than 2.5 meters.
Lighting installation
1. When the steel pipe is used as the suspender of lamps and lanterns, the inner diameter of the steel pipe should not be less than10 mm; The thickness of steel pipe wall should not be less than1.5mm. ..
2. The lamp wire of the catenary lamp should not be pulled, and the lamp wire should be woven with the catenary.
3. Both ends of the cord of the cord chandelier should be protected, and the core wires at both ends should be tinned.
4, the same indoor or place rows of lamps and lanterns, the centerline deviation should not be greater than 5 mm ..
5. Fluorescent lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps and their accessories should be used together, and the installation position should be convenient for inspection and maintenance.
6, lamps and lanterns should be fixed firmly.
There shall be no less than 2 screws or bolts for fixing each lamp; When the diameter of the insulating platform is less than or equal to 75 mm, it can be fixed with 1 bolts or screws.
Special lighting requirements
Emergency lighting and evacuation instructions used in public places should be clearly marked.
Automatic energy-saving switch should be installed for lighting in public places without special management.
Each group of street lamps shall be equipped with fuses on the phase lines.
Conductors introduced into street lamps by overhead lines should be waterproof and bent at the entrance of the lamp.
Selection and purchase
The commonly used types of lamps are chandelier, wall lamp, ceiling lamp, floor lamp, table lamp and ceiling lamp.
No matter what kind of lamps are chosen, the most important thing is whether their safety indicators are qualified. The owner can be identified from the following aspects.
(1) Identify ① the sign of lamps from their appearance.
When lighting a lamp, you should first check the signs on the lamp, such as trademark, model, rated voltage, rated power, etc. To determine whether they meet your own use requirements.
Marking safety is a basic requirement in the safety performance of lamps, among which rated power is particularly important. For example, if a 40-watt lamp is not marked, users are likely to install a 60-watt or 100-watt bulb, which may lead to shell deformation, insulation damage and even electric shock and fire.
In addition, the standard stipulates that the minimum cross section of conductors used in lamps is 0.5 square millimeters. In order to reduce the cost, some manufacturers use the conductor cross-sectional area of less than 0.5 square millimeter on their products. After the insulation layer is burnt out, it may scorch the wires and cause short circuit, which may cause danger.
You can look at the marks printed on the insulation outside the wires on the lamp.
② Identification of electric shock protection.
Care should be taken to prevent electric shock. After the lamps are electrified, people should not touch the live parts, so there is no danger of electric shock.
If you buy incandescent lamps (such as chandeliers and wall lamps), the little finger does not touch the live part when installing the bulb, and the electric shock protection performance is basically the same.
The anti-electric shock performance of lamps and lanterns does not meet the standard, which is generally caused by adopting anti-electric shock protection measures such as unqualified lamp holders or exposed live parts of lamps and lanterns.
(2) Identification from the structure of lamps ① There should be no sharp edges at the entrance and exit of the metal pipe through which the wire passes, so as to avoid cutting the wire, charging the metal part and causing the danger of electric shock.
(2) Portable lamps, such as desk lamps and floor lamps, should be wired at the entrance of the power cord to prevent the power cord from touching the heating element when it is pushed back, and the insulation layer will melt due to overheating of the wire, and the bare wire will contact the metal shell, and the shell will be charged, causing electric shock.
(3) Identification of accessories used on lamps ① If electronic ballasts are used in lamps, lamps equipped with abnormal protection electronic ballasts should be purchased. The so-called abnormal protection refers to the protection given when the fluorescent circuit is in an abnormal state, so that the electronic ballast can still work normally.
(2) If the lamps use inductive ballasts, look at the signs on the ballasts and try to choose the ones with higher Tw value (such as Tw 130), especially when the heat dissipation conditions of lamps are poor.
Tw is the rated maximum working temperature of the ballast coil, at which the ballast can work continuously for 10 years.
Common sense of household lamps
Generally speaking, it is advisable to choose a solemn and bright chandelier or ceiling lamp in the living room.
If the room is high, it is advisable to use incandescent chandeliers or large circular chandeliers to make the living room appear transparent, but it is not advisable to use chandeliers with full downward light distribution, and the upper space should also have a certain brightness to narrow the brightness difference between the upper and lower spaces.
If the room is low, you can use ceiling lamps and floor lamps to make the living room look bright and generous and contemporary.
The shape and color of lamps should be coordinated with the furniture in the living room.
The study lighting should be bright and soft, and incandescent lamps are more suitable.
The desk lamp should adapt to the nature of work and learning needs. It is advisable to choose a direct desk lamp with a reflector and a low opening, that is, a working desk lamp or a writing desk lamp. The light sources of desk lamps are usually incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps.
A small spotlight can be installed in the bookcase, which can not only help identify the title of the book, but also keep warm and prevent books from being damp and rotting.
There should be several kinds of lamps in the bedroom, such as ceiling lamp, desk lamp, floor lamp and bedside lamp, which should be adjusted and matched at will to create a warm atmosphere.
Wall lamps and floor lamps can be used instead of indoor central ceiling lamps.
The wall lamp should be made of diffuse material with low surface brightness, which can make the bedroom look soft and conducive to rest; It is also possible to install a suspended main light at a proper position in the room and a wall lamp at the bedside, and these lights should be controlled separately.
The dining table in a restaurant requires horizontal lighting, so it is advisable to choose a lamp with strong downward directness or a pull-down lamp, so that the lamp with a pull-down height of 600mm ~ 7mm above the dining table is generally directly above the dining table.
The lampshade should be made of glass, plastic or metal, with a smooth appearance so as to be scrubbed at any time.
You can also use floor lamps for lighting, and properly configure warm wall lamps on nearby walls, which will make the atmosphere more warm and stimulate appetite when entertaining guests.
Ceiling lamps are generally used in kitchens, bathrooms and corridors, because the lighting brightness in these places is not great, and there is a lot of water vapor and dust. The ceiling lamp is easy to clean and is beneficial to protect the light bulb.
The lamps and lanterns in the kitchen should be installed in a place that can avoid steam and smoke, and glass or enamel lampshades should be used to facilitate scrubbing and corrosion prevention.
The bathroom should use bright and soft lamps, which should be moisture-proof and not easy to rust.
Application of White LED in Indoor Lighting Although high-power white LED has made great breakthroughs in light efficiency, color rendering and single power, LED manufacturers are constantly updating their achievements with rapid momentum.
However, considering ergonomics, there is obviously a long way to go for LED to create a lighting environment that meets the needs of human settlements.
In order to promote the more and more reasonable application of LED in indoor lighting, LED designers, producers and users should pay attention to the following aspects.
1 Pay attention to reasonable lighting design. As far as the demand of visual function is concerned, the luminous flux and luminous efficiency of LED are still difficult to meet the demand of large-area general lighting.
Therefore, reasonable lighting design is the key to apply LED to indoor lighting.
For example, LED can be used for local accent lighting, as well as auxiliary lighting and dimming design.
The design should combine the needs of visual function, psychology and physiology at the same time, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and create a healthy and comfortable light environment.
Pay attention to the close relationship between the upper, middle and lower reaches of LED. Undoubtedly, the upstream and midstream of LED play a key role in the development and application of LED technology, but the downstream application and demand also play a leading role in the upstream and midstream of LED.
Scientific research workers, engineers and designers should strengthen contact to make the development of LED industry more reasonable and humanized.
3 Strengthening the secondary optical design technology of LED A key technology in LED lighting application is the secondary optical design technology of LED. Through the secondary optical design, the light distribution of LED can be optimized, so that the light emitted by LED can be more reasonable and meet the lighting requirements while avoiding glare.
At present, China's relevant testing departments have begun to implement LED indoor lighting standards.