1. The task of the grave keeper in the Qing Dynasty is to guard the Three Tombs outside the Pass, which is the ancestral grave of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. It is located at the foot of Yun Qi Mountain in the northwest of Yongling Town, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, including Fuling in Nurhachi, Zhaoling in Huang Taiji, the ancestor of Qing Taizong, and Yongling in Zhao, Xing, Jing and Xian, the four great ancestors of Qing Dynasty. Since the establishment of Sanling Mountain, the villagers near Sanling Mountain have always maintained the identity of grave keepers. They are all Ai Xinjue Roche. Their initial task was to guard the yongling mausoleum, and it was handed down from generation to generation to guard the sanling mausoleum. Qingyong Mausoleum was built in A.D. 1606. At that time, a complete mausoleum guard was stationed here, reaching 3000 people at the peak. Guarding the mausoleum is not simply guarding the mausoleum. There was a complete system of guarding tombs in Qing Dynasty. Besides guarding the mausoleum, two other important tasks are preparing sacrifices. The guards have a clear division of labor. Some people are full-time responsible for raising cattle and sheep, while others are full-time responsible for brewing. Once they have a division of labor, they will only do their own things all their lives, with the aim of ensuring the quality and supply of sacrifices. After Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, he set up the Prime Minister's yamen in Yongling, which was fully responsible for guarding the mausoleum. Moreover, he set up 1 officer in charge, 2 wing commanders, 16 Eight Banners Manchurian Guards, 2 paste officers, 4 reminders and 75 cavalry, and so on. Four emperors of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang, all came to worship their ancestors, including Kangxi twice, Qianlong four times, Jiaqing twice and Daoguang 1 time. In addition to being passed down from generation to generation, there are also royal families who are punished for making mistakes. 19 12 After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the guards of the Three Mausoleums outside Shanhaiguan were scattered in nearby villages, such as Yongling, Xiayingzi and Jiahe. It became the last inhabited village in Aisingiorro. On the surface, they live the same life as the locals, but the story about the guards has been circulated for generations. Although the sacrificial ceremony has been stopped, it has been silently guarding the ancestral graves of the Qing Dynasty, and it is still there.
2. After the Qing Xiling Mausoleum was opened, the Qing government built a 42-mile-long geomantic wall on the southeast and west sides of the Mausoleum, and planted 587 red piles every three miles, totaling 193.3 miles. White piles should be erected every 40 steps outside the red piles, and green piles should be erected outside the white piles 10 miles. Boundary markers are connected with yellow steel wire rope, and forbidden cards are hung on the piles. Outside the green pile, the switch mountain is twenty miles away, and a boundary pillar is set up. It will be engraved with "Forbidden Mountain Boundary Stone", and it is strictly forbidden for people to pass. The Qing government set up East and West Wang Fu, Interior Department, Business Department, Customs Defense Department, Ritual Department, Industry Department and Ministry of War in Xiling. Not only the princes up to Baylor level, but also a large number of Manchu people who migrated from Guannei and Dongling are responsible for the daily maintenance and sacrifice of the mausoleum. Although collectively referred to as grave keepers, the internal division of labor is extremely fine. Sugar-maker, flour-maker, sauce-maker, flour-maker, brewer, net owner, cattle and sheep worker, eagle-keeper, bird-keeper … A "job" is a lifetime. The identity of the grave keeper can be said to be "a civil servant with royal blood." When they came to Xiling, the Qing government would give each family a small yard. The average family is based on three-thirds. Three-thirds refers to the width times the length of the courtyard. This is the origin of the saying "three points per acre". There are schools here, which teach both Manchu and Chinese, as well as music, dance, riding and shooting. The students in the school are all the children of the grave keeper. They are not ordinary. They registered as soon as they were born and immediately enjoyed the seven-product treatment. Seven products, equivalent to the current level. Even the guard's dog has dignity. They all have hukou, rations and subsidies. Outside the sacrificial time, the life of the grave keeper is extremely leisurely. Most of them don't know how to farm, so they come to Doby to spend their leisure time and fight for wisdom. They are very particular about eating and "ceremony".
In the Republic of China 19 1 1 year, these grave keepers were officially laid off. Some of them left, others stayed, and were forced to start a difficult process of "self-adjustment" and integration with the local Han culture.
But in any case, the courage and sense of responsibility of these "laid-off guards" seems to be indelible.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Japanese devils hit the vicinity of Qing Xiling. The grave keepers got together to discuss: "How to keep the Xiling?"
An old man guarding the mausoleum suddenly stood up and said, "I'll talk to the Japanese!" " "
In this way, in that horrible era when I heard that "the devil was coming", an old grave keeper went to "talk" with the bright bayonet of the Japanese.
The old man preached to the devil, so he saved the Qing Xiling from burning, killing and looting.