foreword
Emperor: six "tomb-robbing emperors"
Sun Quan, the First Thief of Ancient and Modern Emperors —— Dongwu Emperor
● The mystery of the immortal body of the first Changsha king.
● The mystery of grave robbers stealing "coffin boards"
● Mystery of the Secret Burial of the Ancient South Vietnamese King
The representative of the thieves of the Sixteen Kingdoms —— Shi Jilong, the Emperor of the Later Zhao Dynasty
● The mystery of "sand accumulation" buried in the Spring and Autumn Tomb
● The mystery of stealing copper pillars from Qin Mausoleum.
● The mystery of Qin Shihuang's nightmare tomb robbery
Digging graves and burning corpses is a cruel woman-Wu Zetian of Zhou Dynasty
● Mystery of Feng Shui master Yuan Tiangang's prophecy.
● The mystery of the "punishment" of the elders of the Three Dynasties
● Mystery of "Burying Yi Long Corner, Its Coffin Must Be Coffin"
A child "washing sand" in the grave-Liu Yu, the pseudo-Qi emperor
● The mystery of the royal "drying" funerary objects
The jade buried in Song Zhezong reappears the mystery of the world.
● The Mystery of Zhao Kuangyin's Trick in Grave Robber's Scarlet Face.
The Secret Trick to Save the Country "Stupid Emperor-Ming Emperor Zhu Youxiao"
● The mystery of the immortal "Golden Dragon" of Dafangshan Tower.
● The mystery of ancient and modern emperor Wang Hang's "Feng Shui hates victory"
● Li Zicheng's ancestral grave reveals the mystery of the horned flying snake.
Suspect of stealing pillars-Qing Emperor Gan Long
● Mystery of treasures unearthed from acupoints of the Ming Tombs
● Qianlong's mystery of "tearing down the big and changing the small"
The mystery of the theft of Zhu Youjian Siling in the late Ming Dynasty.
Wang pian: four "tomb raiders"
The King of "Game School" Grave Robbery —— Liu Qu, the King of Han Guang Biography
The mystery of "tomb poison" appeared in the king's tomb.
● The mystery of naked women in Wang Wei's tomb
Zhou Youwang's tomb has a burial mystery.
Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty-the king of the "revenge faction" who robbed tombs
● Mystery of the Hidden Treasure in the Qin Tombs
● Mystery of Qin Mausoleum's anti-tomb-raiding organs
● The mystery of Qin Mausoleum being burned in the underground palace.
Wang Cao, the King of Tomb Robbers in Treasure Hunters
● The mystery of the origin of Faqiu corps commander and Mojin a captain
● The mystery of the method of digging solid pyramid-shaped mound
The mystery of Liang Xiaowang's whereabouts.
The Collector's Tomb Raider King-Shixing King Chen Shuling
● Mystery of roaming in Chen Shu Mausoleum
● The mystery of Chen Shuling's collection of human bones
● The mystery of "blood drop" in the imperial tomb.
Minister's article: "Erxia" who flogged the corpse and stole the treasure
Wu Zixu, the doctor of the State of Wu, was the first person to rob a tomb in ancient and modern times.
● The mystery of Wu Zixu's "one night worrying about white hair"
● The mystery of King Chu Ping's difficulty in finding a burial place.
● The mystery of the truth of "flogging the corpse for 300"
The First Thief in Ancient and Modern Times-Dong Zhuo, Hou of the Eastern Han Dynasty
The mystery of Dong Zhuo's adultery with the emperor's daughter
● The mystery of Han Xiandi being "sunburned" by Dong Zhuo
● Grave robbing to find the mystery of "dumb party"
Confucian articles: a large number of "grave robbers"
Zhong You, a calligrapher of the Three Kingdoms, the representative of the "Secret Sect" of grave robbery
● Cao Cao presented the mystery of "Five Poison Pills"
● The mystery of notes handed down from ancient times is the original calligraphy.
● The mystery of the loss of the calligraphy masterpiece Lanting Preface.
Military chapter: three "the bane of the mausoleum of Hadrian"
The only grave robber named by the emperor-Zhu Ba, our envoy in the late Tang Dynasty.
● Mystery of Feng Shui Layout and Dissemination in Tang Mausoleum
● The mystery of the cause of Zhu's grave robbery
● Grave robbers love to steal the mystery of Tang tombs.
The first sinner who robbed the Tang Tombs —— Wen Tao, the envoy of the late Tang Dynasty in China.
● Steal the mystery of Ganling Storm.
● The mystery of stealing silver from the tomb of Wen.
● The mystery of the whereabouts of stealing buried treasures.
The First Sinner of Stealing and Destroying the Imperial Tomb in the Northern Song Dynasty —— Han Zhan, the General of Jin State
● Mystery of Tomb Site in Northern Song Dynasty
● Mystery of the Golden Tomb-raiding Technique
● The mystery of Song Zhezong Zhao Xu being "sunburned"
Buried Tombs of Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties Were Stolen Together —— Huang Chao, Leader of the Rebel Army in Late Tang Dynasty
● The mystery of Wu Zetian's burial of "Nitou Mountain"
● The mystery of stealing the heavenly phenomena in Ganling.
● Gan Ling escaped the mystery of being dug many times.
Monks: First, "stealing tombs and evil monks"
The First Man to Steal Monks from the Mausoleum in the Southern Song Dynasty —— Yang Zhenjia, the "Great Buddhist President of Jiangnan" in the Yuan Dynasty
The mystery of Yang Zhen's grave robbery.
● Mystery of the number of stolen buried treasures
The mystery of Song Lizong's head being cut.
Official article: extinct "tomb-robbing eunuch"
The First Eunuch in Ancient and Modern Times —— Chen Feng, the Great Eunuch of Ming Dynasty
● The mystery of villagers stealing "Li's wife's tomb"
● Mystery of "Double Palace" in the Ming Tombs
The mystery of Chen Feng stealing the emperor's ancestral grave.
Folk articles: two "cattle robbers"
The gravedigger with the greatest contribution-Jixian County in the Western Jin Dynasty is not allowed to plow fields.
● The mystery that grave robbers can't live.
● Don't rob the tomb. The specific mystery.
● Mystery of the identity of grave robbers.
The most skilled grave robber-Jiao Si, a farmer in Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty
● The mystery of "listening to the wind and rain" in the three stunts of grave robbery
● The mystery of the "mud mark" of the three stunts of grave robbery
● The mystery of "looking at the gas" in the three stunts of grave robbery
refer to
[Click to hide more ...] Introduction★ Biography of the first grave robber in ancient China.
★ Dig out the grave robbers hidden in the official history and look for the golden deeds behind unofficial history.
★ Preface recommended by the archaeological authority and former director of Nanjing Museum, and produced and broadcast by Shanghai TV documentary channel Cultural China.
★ "Interpret the truth of unofficial history with the thought of official history"
★ Grave robbing and archaeological research can promote the great historical process of China.
★ The history buried in the grave is the real history of China.
The author dare not compare with historical records, but wants to sort out the history of grave robbery with the thought of historical records. The story of grave robbery is not made up. The material comes from notes such as Twenty-five History, Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Search for Ji Shen, Taiping Guang Ji, etc., which can be called "the best choice for alternative reading history" and meets the immediate needs of readers. Foreword About two thirds of China's history is unified and one third is divided. In the era of division, the war performance of political forces with swords and shadows, and the looting activities of scattered and brave people who set fire to the moon in the dark and windy days shocked the world. Among them, the crazy robbery scene is a historical scene that overlaps repeatedly. Unfortunately, few historians have seriously written such a common and important historical topic.
In recent years, grave robbing activities have become more and more universal, mass and high-tech, which has aroused the interest of some writers. Popular tomb-robbing literary works such as tomb-robbing notes and ghost-blowing lanterns have appeared, which are very popular in the cultural commodity market, but few academic or professional books are popular. Personally, I am ignorant. I only heard that there are two works: History of Grave Robbery by Yin Xiaohu and Yao Zimin and History of Grave Robbery in China by Professor Wang Zijin. Unfortunately, I haven't seen it.
Later, Ni's Historical Records of Grave Robbery was published, which caused a sensation on the Internet at first and has been selling well since its publication. After Historical Records of Grave Robbery, Ni has a new book, History of Grave Robbery in China. Don't give up on him. Let me say something. I am not sensitive, so I try to say a few words and express my humble opinion.
I turned it over. The history of grave robbers in China seems to be Biography of Grave Robbers in China, or an alternative Biography of People, which has never been written like this before. It is fresh. Compared with the tomb-robbing history in China, the tomb-robbing history in China and the earlier tomb-robbing history books by the author, there are obvious differences in writing angle and narrative style, which breaks through the writing style of the general tomb-robbing history.
The book is divided into nine parts: emperor, king, minister, Confucianism, soldiers, bandits, monks, officials and people. It focuses on "people", lists 22 grave robbers, and talks about the representative grave robbery phenomena of various dynasties, classes and motives. Almost all of them.
The history of grave robbery in China takes the form of storytelling, which is quite interesting. Many stories in the book are "anecdotes" and "secrets", but the cited materials are rich and detailed, and many of them come from formal history books, ancient notes and modern archaeological reports. The writing is concise and vivid, and never boring. Perhaps because the author is a reporter first, "news language" and "academic language" are grafted on a vine, which may be helpful for ordinary readers to read.
To sum up, grave robbers are mostly emperors and nobles, representatives of political forces, and leaders of peasant uprisings (all of which define imperial power without exception). Generally, there are only three scholars and civilians, which shows the power of ancient officials and thieves. Almost all the tombs of emperors and kings were stolen, and the most enviable ones were Qin Tomb, Maoling Tomb and Ganling Tomb, which were coveted by grave robbers in different dynasties.
Tomb raiding in ancient times was the most impolite. In the twenty-fourth year of Zuozhuan (636 BC), it was said that "stealing people's wealth is still called stealing." Wen Gong said in 18 (former 609) that "stealing bribes means stealing." Xunzi? Self-cultivation says: "Stealing goods is stealing." "Zhou Li? Qiu Guan? The five methods of punishment, "punishment by punishment" and "punishment by punishment by punishment by punishment by punishment", are of great significance to Li et al. The crime of ink is 500, the crime of sin is 500, the crime of palace is 500, the crime of sin is 500 and the crime of murder is 500. "Slaughter in the palm" said: "Punishment is stolen from the city." Anyone who kills a person and stays in the city for three days after being executed commits a heinous crime of stealing other people's property and wants to be executed in the city.
Confucianism talks about "ten evils": rebellion, rebellion, disrespect, evil rebellion, unfilial, discord, civil strife, immorality and injustice, which began in Qi Dynasty and prevailed in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The "ten evils" mentioned in Buddhism and Taoism are exactly the same, namely: killing, stealing, fornication, lying, two tongues, foul mouth, obscene language, greed, resentment and Jaken. The ancients emphasized this "heinous". I don't know how many times the evil of grave robbery is higher than the above.
In that case, why do so many people take the heinous crime and rob the tomb? From the following string of data, you will know the answer.
As we know, during the Western Han Dynasty, the treasury kept more gold than gold. According to Peng Xinwei's book "History of Chinese Currency", gold in Han Shu alone weighed 900,000 Jin, which is about 276,335 Jin today. To follwed, there are seven hundred thousand jins. In the book, Peng also listed the figures given by emperors in past dynasties: Gaozu 42,550 Jin, 68 Jin, Gaozu 1 10009 Jin, Wendi12,000 Jin, Jingdi 1 102 Jin and Wudi 806,940 Jin. At that time, the Roman Empire had 179000 kilograms of gold.
Where did all this gold go from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty?
Some scholars speculate that Buddhism was introduced into Middle Earth, and gold was used to build Buddha statues. But now we suspect that many of them have been buried underground with the emperor, and they may not be unearthed in the future. It's probably strange that such a rich treasure is buried in the mausoleum without being targeted by grave robbers.
This speculation can be found in archaeology and literature. Jin Shu? Biography of Suochan (Volume 60)-"Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne for one year and became a mausoleum. One-third of the world's tributes, one for the ancestral hall, one for the guests and one for the mountains. " One-third of the national finance, all buried by the emperor, is amazing!
Emperors of past dynasties advocated "thin burial", such as China Emperor Liu Heng, and historical records. The Chronicle of Emperor Wendi said: "I always wear clothes ... to show my simplicity and be the best in the world. The rule of Baling is based on earthenware, and no ornaments of gold, silver, copper and tin are allowed. " However, the subsequent grave robbery incident proved that the so-called "thin burial" of Wendi was false. "Child stagnation sword? Jin Ji (Volume 89) records that Emperor Sima Ye (270-3 17) was founded for five years (3 15). " In June, the Empress Dowager Tombs of Hanba, Mausoleum and Botou were stolen, and a lot of gold and silk were stolen. The court ordered the rest to be collected from the palace. "
Of course. Grave robbers rob graves? There are many motives, and greed for money is just one of them. It is not uncommon for people like Wu Zixu and Wu Zetian to avenge themselves and carry out political attacks. As for Liu Qu, the king of Guang Chuan, and Shu Mausoleum in Shixing, Chen Boer, there are countless examples of abnormal grave robbing and interest grave robbing throughout the ages.
Grave robbery is a worldwide phenomenon. I have been to Egypt, and my peers introduced that grave robbery activities there are also rampant. Archaeologists generally believe that ancient tombs, including mausoleums, that have not been excavated are "excavated for life", and 90% tombs will be stolen within 100 years after burial. Mangshan area in the north of Luoyang City, Henan Province, was once regarded by the ancients as a treasure trove of geomantic omen and a famous ancient tomb area, but it was also a sad and frequent grave robbery there in the past. The publication of "History of Grave Robbery in China" means that it is not for fun and curiosity, but to expose and expose grave robbery that has existed since ancient times and is still going on now.
Ni Jun is a senior journalist who is also studying history and archaeology. A few years ago, he tried to report for us, rescue and restore the ruins of Taicheng in Nanjing Daxing Palace. Today, I wrote a new composition for him, which is my modest reward.
Liang Baiquan
July 3, 20091day [click to see more ...] Wonderful page (or trial reading fragment) Sun Quan was a great celebrity in the Three Kingdoms period. His name was Zhong Mou, the founding emperor of the State of Wu, the first grave robber of ancient emperors and the first thief of the tomb of the king of Nanyue!
There are many stories about Sun Quan, and people in China can tell one or two. But when it comes to Sun Quan's grave robbery, few people may know about it, and many people may not believe it.
So, before we officially say that Sun Quan robbed a grave, we have to talk about what a grave robber is. Don't think that you picked up the "Luoyang shovel", that is a grave robber. In fact, none of the real grave robbers personally operated the shovel, but the boss and commander behind the scenes.
Sun Quan's grave robbery, as well as Skilllong, Wu Zetian, Zhu Youxiao and Li Hong mentioned later, are all the same.
The birth of Emperor Wu Dong.
Sun Quan's family is famous all over the world, and Sun Tzu's Art of War, an ancient military classic in China that everyone is familiar with now, was written by his ancestor Sun Wu. Sun Wu later defected to Wu, and was recommended by Wu Zixu, another tomb-robbing madman mentioned earlier, and was reused by He Lv, the king of Wu. From then on, the Sun Shi family became famous in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which influenced their descendants. But when Sun Quan became emperor, he had to thank his father, Sun Jian, instead of being influenced by Sun Wu. Sun Jian was one of the lean men at the end of the Han Dynasty, and served as Sima, Yi Lang and Changsha Prefecture successively. He is a general of breaking Lu, so he is also called "breaking Lu Sun".
Sun Jian's experience is not simple. In the first year of Liu Xie (184), Sun Jian and right corps commander Zhu wiped out the Yellow Scarf Army. Most notably, he had a joint crusade against Dong Zhuo with Yuan Shu and other governors, which was Dong Zhuo's most feared opponent.
When Sun Jianshi was the king of Changsha, he set out for Changsha.
However, Yuan Shu cooperated with Sun Jian by stealth, sabotaged Taiwan Province, and the multinational coalition forces also balked. When Sun Jian went to attack Hua Xiong, Yuan Shu did not provide food and grass. Although Sun Jian finally defeated Hua Xiong, it was once in danger. In A.D. 192, when Yuan Shu sent him to Jingzhou to attack Liu Biao, he was shot dead by Huang Zu of Liu Biao's department. His body was transported back to Jiangdong and buried in Qua (now Danyang, Jiangsu) at the age of 37. After the founding of Sun Quan, Sun Jian was posthumously named "Emperor Wu Lie".
Why do you say that Sun Quan robbed the tomb, and Sun Jian first? There are two reasons. First, because Sun Quan became emperor, Lao Tzu laid the foundation for him. Second, Sun Quan stuck on the dog skin plaster of grave robbers, and it was also because of Lao Zi.
Sun Jiansheng's four sons, Sun Ce, Sun Quan, Sun Yi and Sun Kuang, and a woman, Sun Shangxiang, are not only formidable Sun Jian himself, but also important people in the Three Kingdoms period. Sun Shangxiang is the wife of Liu Bei, the monarch of Shu. When Sun Quan wanted to go back to Jingzhou borrowed by Liu Bei, he listened to Zhou Yu's "coup" and married Liu Bei, a middle-aged widower, but Zhuge Liang cheated him. As a result, Sun Quan lost his wife and soldiers. So, it seems that Sun Jian is the "emperor's father" of Wu, or Liu Bei's father-in-law and the "ruler" of Shu. This is the saying in the romance of the Three Kingdoms. There is no Sun Shangxiang in The Romance of Three Kingdoms.
Sun Quan is the second son of Sun Jian, and his brother Sun Ce is also a great man.
There is a saying in Searching for God that Sun Ce and Sun Quan had a vision when they were in their mother's belly. Sun Jian's wife dreamed that the moon flew into her arms when she was pregnant with her eldest son, Sun Ce, and that the sun was in her arms when she was pregnant with Sun Quan. After hearing his wife's statement, Sun Jian firmly asserted in the spirit of heaven that "the sun and the moon are the essence of yin and yang, which is a symbol of great wealth".
As Sun Jian said, both brothers have become extraordinary figures.
After Sun Jian was ambushed by Huang Zu when he attacked Jingzhou, Sun Ce, the eldest son, inherited his father's footsteps. Sun Ce lived up to his father's footsteps, made friends with heroes, and met Zhou Yu, Zhang Zhao and others. Successively, he became the "little overlord" in Jiangdong and was named Wuhou by the Eastern Han court. In A.D. 199, Sun Ce led an army to defeat his old enemy Huang Zu and avenge his father.
Sun Ce is young and beautiful. When he was young, he was called "Sun Lang". He and Zhou Lang (Zhou Yu) are good brothers, and finally they become brothers-in-law. They married Gong Qiao's two daughters, Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao respectively. The romantic story of this gifted scholar is still a beautiful story.
At this rate, the future emperor of Wu will have no share of Sun Quan, but Sun Ce may have no imperial life. In April 2000, when he was out hunting, he was assassinated by the men of his old enemy Xu Gong and died young. In this way, the inheritance of the throne laid by my father and brother was transferred to Sun Quan. After Sun came to power, he dared not forget his boss's contribution, and posthumous title Sun Ce was named "King Huan of Changsha".
In 22 1 year, Wei Wendi Cao Pi, the first emperor, named Sun Quan "King of Wu". However, after Liu Bei established the capital, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang (now Ezhou City, Hubei Province) in 229 AD, which was called "Wu Dongdi" in history, and the State of Wu was born.