The next day, Qufu gave me the first impression of simplicity. Like Xingcheng, Heping Yao is divided into new city and old city. We stayed in the old city. All buildings are in traditional style, all buildings are very low, and there are few buildings with more than three floors.
According to the plan, we only visited three caves. The Three Holes in Qufu is one of the most representative buildings of Confucianism, and it is the collective name of Confucius Forest, Confucius Temple and Confucius House.
Confucius Temple, since the Western Han Dynasty, has been rebuilt and expanded by successive emperors, becoming a large-scale ancient architectural complex. There are nine courtyards in the temple, in front of which are Lingxingmen, Shengshimen, Hongdimen, Dazhongmen, Wentongmen, Kuiwenge and the Ming Tombs Pavilion. Starting from Dachengmen, there are three roads in the middle: Xingtan, Dacheng Hall, Dongxifu, Sleeping Hall and Shengji Hall. East Road is the former residence of Confucius, and West Road is the memorial hall of Confucius' parents.
Wan Ren Palace Wall: the South Gate of Qufu. In ancient times, this door only opened when the emperor and imperial envoys came to Qufu to pay homage to Confucius. "Wan Ren Palace Wall" was inscribed by Emperor Qing Qianlong.
Zhen Fang, Jin Shengyu: The First Gate of Confucius Temple. Built in the 17th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, it was inscribed by the famous calligrapher Hu Renzong. It is said that the name of the workshop comes from Mencius' evaluation of Confucius: "Confucius is a masterpiece." One Lord, Jin Yin, Yu Zhen also. Jinyin is also the beginning; At the end, Yu Zhen was also organized, symbolizing Confucius' thought collection of ancient sages and sages and praising Confucius' great contribution.
Behind Jinsheng Yuzhen Square is a single-hole stone arch bridge. The bridge deck is the stone steps of Erlong Zhuxi, and the clear water under the bridge is semicircular. This is the dish water, but unfortunately the dish water is blocked by stones, and only the dish water exists alone. There is a stone tablet behind the bridge, which was built in the second year of Chang. It is engraved with the words "Officials are waiting to dismount here". From then on, all officials and ordinary people had to dismount and disembark, and even the emperor had to offer sacrifices to Confucius to show his respect.
Lingxingmen: After crossing the Panshui Bridge, you will reach the gate of Confucius Temple-Lingxingmen, which was also written by Emperor Qianlong. This star, Lingxing, was passed down as a satellite in the sky in ancient times. The name of the gate is Xing, which means "talented people come forth in large numbers and are used by the country".
Thirteen stone pavilions: There are thirteen stone pavilions in front of Dacheng Gate, eight in the south and five in the north, arranged in the east and west. They were specially built to preserve the imperial monuments of feudal emperors, commonly known as "Imperial Monument Pavilion". There are two Jin stone pavilions in the south, which are the oldest existing buildings in Confucius Temple. The two in the middle are the Yuan Dynasty stele pavilions; There were nine stone pavilions in the Qing Dynasty, which were built in the years of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. Thirteen pavilions are all made of wood and have similar shapes. There are 55 stone tablets in the museum, including Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. All the imperial monuments are filled with stone tablets, showing the dignity of the royal family. You read Bixi like a turtle, don't think it's a turtle,
Carrying the imperial card, the tortoise is not qualified, the dragon gave birth to nine children, and the six children are slim. When you see the camel tablet in the future, don't think it's a turtle.
Hand-planted cypress: There are five gates in the north of the Ming Tombs Pavilion. The middle gate is Dacheng Gate, which is the main gate leading to Dacheng Hall and the seventh gate of Confucius Temple. In the middle of the aisle in front of Dacheng Hall is the apricot altar, which is a memorial hall specially built to commemorate Confucius' running a school and teaching. There is a dry dragon apricot altar to praise the imperial monument, and there is a juniper tree in front. According to legend, it was planted by Confucius, that is, juniper was planted by the former teacher. It is said that it died, and then the old tree sprouted.
Dacheng Hall: The main building of Confucius Temple and the tallest building in Qufu. No matter from the perspective of geomantic omen or etiquette, other buildings in Qufu can't be taller than Dacheng Hall. For example, the bell tower in Pingyao. In Dacheng Hall, the tablet of the most holy master is enshrined in the shrine in the middle, with a gold plaque of "education without class" hanging on it. There is a huge statue of Confucius in the temple, flanked by statues of Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong Ji and Monk.
Out of the Confucius Temple, into the Confucius House.
Confucius' former residence, the full name of the Duke of Feast, is the official residence of Confucius' eldest grandson in the Duke of Feast.
The title of Duke of Feast is said to be the title of the 46th generation grandson of Confucius when Song Renzong was in China. This title has not changed from generation to generation, and has been awarded by rulers of all dynasties.
For such a well-known family as Kongjia, naturally many aristocratic families joined Kongjia. There are two allusions, one is the daughter of Yan Song, and the other is the little princess of Qianlong. It is said that before the fall of Yan Song, he came to Confucius' house and wanted to ask Confucius to intercede with the emperor by his in-laws. After he came to Confucius' home, Confucius put the so-called Ge Yan on the bench in the lobby for three hours, and no one saw him. Finally, Yan Song had to leave despondently. The bench he sits on is what people call the "cold bench". There is a plaque in Confucius' House that says "Six Dynasties of Hanyi". My daughter married the Kong family and couldn't stand the strict family rules. When I was complaining to my father, Qianlong wrote a plaque of "six generations under one roof" and gave it to Confucius, meaning that you six generations of Confucius can live in harmony and enjoy your family. Don't be mean to my daughter. Qufu sells a kind of soft candy called "Six Dynasties Hanyi", but I don't find any relationship between this kind of candy and Six Dynasties Hanyi.
Above the gate, there is a plaque of "Fu Sheng" with gold on a blue background. On both sides of the gate, there is a pair of couplets with gold on a blue background: "Take care of the country, live and work in peace and contentment, establish a government, and write a moral holy family on the same day." According to legend, this couplet was written in Qing Dynasty (Ji Xiaolan). The tone of this couplet is self-evident. It is thought-provoking that the first couplet contains the word "wealth" and the second couplet contains the word "article morality". As can be seen from the above picture, the word "wealth" is a little less, and the word "chapter" is a little more, which is taken from the meaning of wealth and headless articles.
Sogo Gate: This gate was built in the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1503). The gate is made of wood, and its periphery is not connected with the wall. It is an independent courtyard, similar to a covered hall door. The lintel is called "Chongguang Gate" because it has a plaque of "Chongguang" awarded by Sejong in Ming Dynasty. There are stone drums under the four pillars of the door, which support the painted roof. There are four upside-down wood carvings and golden buds in front and back, so it is also called "Hanging Flower Gate". In the past, the sogo gate was generally closed, and it was only opened when Confucius' ceremony was held, the emperor was auspicious, the imperial edict was read out, and major ceremonies were held.
Confucius Hall: This is the text for the Duke of Feast to read the imperial edict, meet officials, apply for family regulations, try major cases, and hold festivals and birthday ceremonies. Hanging in the center of the lobby is a plaque engraved with the imperial edict of the sixth year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1649), demanding that the Duke of Feast "be in charge of the clan name, instruct the overseers, proclaim the edict, and make all the people observe the ceremony, and the holy gate is flawless", which stipulated the various privileges of the Duke of Feast in the Kong family. Since the Tang Dynasty, the court has stipulated that the Qufu county magistrate should be the Duke of Feast, and after the Ming Dynasty, it was stipulated that the Qufu county magistrate should be the Duke of Feast.
On both sides and back of the main hall, titles are displayed. Such as golden melon, flying stirrup, qu gun, sparrow gun, hook gun, Geng drum, cloud card, dragon flag, phoenix flag, tiger flag, umbrella, fan and so on. And some official titles symbolizing his knighthood and privileges, such as "Attacking Feast", "Doctor of Guanglu Temple", "Watching Flowers with Eyes" and "Riding in the Forbidden City".
Ruby: It is said that when Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, some books were hidden in the walls of the former Confucius House in Lu. This is the so-called "Ruby Collection".
Interior room: As the name implies, the place where the wife lives. There is a forbidden door-the inner door is isolated from the outside world. This door is heavily guarded, and outsiders are not allowed to enter without authorization. The Qing emperor gave three pairs of weapons, namely, a tiger-tailed stick, a swallow-winged boring stick and a golden jade stick. The gatekeeper stood in front of the door with a weapon, and there was a "hell pay" who disobeyed orders and entered without authorization. On the west side of the inner door, a special sink-stone flow was found, which was exposed outside the wall and used to deliver water to the inner room. Because the women in the inner room can't come out and the government stipulates that the water bearer can't enter the inner room, then the daily water bearer needs to pour the water into the partition wall of the water tank and flow into the inner room. Interestingly, the pipe leading to the wall in this groove is not straight, but turns on both sides in the wall. The reason is very simple, mainly to prevent the water delivery person from seeing the women receiving water in the wall through the pipeline.
Kong Lin is a leftist.
Kong Lin, located in the suburbs. Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and it is also the longest delayed, largest and best preserved family tomb group in the world. All descendants of the Confucius family are eligible to be buried here. To this day, this custom continues, and there are more and more graves in the forest, but I heard that I only need to pay 30 thousand RMB.
The only different surname in Konglin is Zi Gong, a disciple of Confucius, who lost Confucius for three years and Zi Gong for six years. It is said that when Confucius died, Zi Gong was not around and was very sad, so he kept the mausoleum for six years. Six years later, when he came out, he found that the funeral stick inserted in the ground six years ago had grown into a big tree, and now all he could see was the dead trunk. It is today's "Zigong hand-planted model".
The main cemetery in Kong Lin is that of Confucius and his sons and grandchildren. Inside is the tomb of Confucius, to the east is the tomb of his son, and to the south is the tomb of his grandson. This tomb layout is called "holding children and grandchildren" to show the prosperity of the population. There are many others, such as the cemetery of Kong, the author of Peach Blossom Fan.
There was not much time, so Kong Lin took a quick look and left. I'm going to Taian at night.