This lecture will introduce to you the Muling of Emperor Daoguang. Emperor Daoguang, named Aixinjueluo Minning. The second son of Emperor Jiaqing, his mother was Queen Xiao Shurui of Xitala clan. 1. The emperor whose words and deeds were inconsistent
Emperor Daoguang has been in power for 30 years. Everyone’s understanding of him may be closely connected with the word "frugality". Because whether it is literary works or historical materials, there are certain records or interpretations of Emperor Daoguang's frugality.
At the beginning of Emperor Daoguang's accession to the throne, on the eighth day of the first lunar month of the first year of Daoguang, he promulgated the "Theory of Sensality, Sex, Money and Profit" to the world, expounding his philosophy of governing the country, in which he comprehensively elaborated on his views on frugality. And a profound interpretation. In this policy program, Emperor Daoguang cited scriptures to demonstrate the harmful effects of thrift in terms of appearance, color, and material profit, and vigorously advocated frugality. It was emphasized that we should be stingy of the people's wealth and anointment, and we should vigorously criticize those who "flatter and flatter people in many ways and flatter their ideas." "The Theory of Sensation, Sex, and Money" can be said to be a political declaration made by Emperor Daoguang after he came to power. He announced his governing program to the world and claimed that he would always abide by it and would not abandon this governing philosophy.
In order to increase the intensity of execution, Emperor Daoguang first started governance from the royal family. "Daoguang Dynasty Donghua Continuation" records that he strictly guarded against the glitz of the palace and stipulated: "Afterwards, once the prince or grandson is married, his father's family in Fujian and Jin Dynasty will prepare a dowry. They are not allowed to treat each other with luxury, and all must be frugal." There are also rumors among the people. Emperor Daoguang had many interesting stories about frugality. For example, Emperor Daoguang wore patched trousers, and the Queen only prepared pork braised noodles for her birthday, etc.
However, when we studied the history of Emperor Daoguang's mausoleum building, we became suspicious of Emperor Daoguang's declaration - he said one thing and did another, which was full of self-contradiction.
Generally speaking, an emperor only builds one mausoleum. Because there are two major problems in building a mausoleum: one is Feng Shui problem. There is no doubt that the emperor must choose a feng shui treasure land with perfect feng shui when building his mausoleum. As long as conditions permit, they will choose to build mausoleums in places with excellent Feng Shui. The second is the cost problem. For the feudal country, the construction of the mausoleum was the number one project in the world. Do you think, what project could be more important than this? The emperor of the Qing Dynasty adhered to the concept of "death as life", and was never ambiguous about the matter of the mausoleum, and he did not hesitate to spend money on it. Therefore, every time the emperor built a mausoleum, it would cost the court a lot of money. Sometimes he would even feel that he was unable to do it and had to stop work and wait for an opportunity to build again.
However, when we checked the archives, we found that Emperor Daoguang, who was known for his frugality, actually built a mausoleum for himself three times, consuming a lot of money, and had no intention of being frugal at all. Has Emperor Daoguang forgotten his governing philosophy? Or is there another secret? 2. The short-lived Wangzuo Village
Wangzuo Village is a treasure land with beautiful scenery in the southwest of Beijing. The construction period of this mausoleum was not after Daoguang succeeded to the throne, but during the Jiaqing period. Because the owner of the tomb in Wangzuocun Mausoleum is Niu Hulu, the direct descendant of Emperor Daoguang, who was later posthumously named Queen Xiaomucheng. Niu Hulu, who was accused of marriage in the first year of Jiaqing, married Daoguang, who was only fifteen years old and was still a prince. Originally, Daoguang was the legitimate son, born to the queen, and was very likely to inherit the throne in the future. The Niu Hulu family was very happy to wait for this day to come soon. However, something unexpected happened. In the first month of the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, Niu Hulu suddenly died of illness, which surprised people. The most important thing is that although Niu Hulu was the concubine of Daoguang, she did not give birth to a son or a half. What would Emperor Jiaqing think? What would her husband Daoguang think?
What is surprising is that Emperor Jiaqing did not neglect this daughter-in-law at that time, but did two major things for her: First, he made an exception and used golden color for this woman. We know that in those days, yellow was not allowed to be used arbitrarily. "Biography of the Concubines of the Qing Dynasty" records that Emperor Jiaqing issued a special decree, "The seat cover should be made of golden color, and it should be distinguished by the power, and it should be hung as a decree." Emperor Jiaqing's edict was beyond people's expectations. This seems to indicate something. The second is to make an exception and build a garden and dormitory for the Niu Hulu family. This is really strange. Normally for things like this, the emperor would be temporarily settled in a certain place until the prince died of illness, and then the land would be given to build a garden and bed. However, Niu Hulu's daughter-in-law was extremely virtuous and had neither children nor significant achievements. However, Emperor Jiaqing carefully selected a geomantic treasure land for her and carefully designed the regulations of the mausoleum.
But Emperor Jiaqing would never do this for no reason.
Let's analyze it. The most important reason is that as early as the fourth year of Jiaqing, Emperor Jiaqing had secretly appointed Daoguang as the crown prince. In this case, once the emperor dies and Daoguang succeeds to the throne, Niu Hulu will be the queen of the middle palace. Therefore, when Emperor Jiaqing thought of this, he couldn't hide his emotions and built the Wangzuocun Mausoleum for his daughter-in-law. However, we know that Emperor Jiaqing was indeed a person who was "retarded by nature" - if you use yellow for her and build a mausoleum for her, won't others doubt your original intention? In that case, people will guess who the prince you secretly appointed is, so what's the point of secretly appointing the prince?
The construction of Wangzuocun Garden and Bedroom took two years from the 15th year of Jiaqing to the 16th year of Jiaqing. It can be described as a decent building, with buildings such as stele pavilions and everything you need. After the mausoleum was built, the Niu Hulu family was able to rest in peace. This was originally an expedient measure of Emperor Jiaqing, and Emperor Jiaqing himself knew this. Because in the future, if Daoguang succeeds to the throne and becomes the true emperor, he will definitely destroy the Wangzuocun Mausoleum. However, Emperor Daoguang was serious. He didn't think this was a temporary measure, he thought it was a geomantic treasure given to him by his father. Therefore, after Emperor Daoguang succeeded to the throne, he sent Dai Junyuan, Yinghe and other important officials of the court to investigate Wangzuo Village. What is Emperor Daoguang going to do? He gave these people a task, which was to turn Wang Zuocun's garden dormitory into his own mausoleum. Dai Junyuan and others came to Wangzuo Village and immediately started hard work. They surveyed, mapped, and consulted historical materials and classics, and finally came to the conclusion that this place could not become the emperor's mausoleum. However, just saying it won't work doesn't count. You have to report the reasons to the emperor. What exactly doesn't work must be made clear. You know, you have to be careful about this kind of thing. If you say the wrong thing, you might lose your head. Dai Junyuan and others did not dare to take it lightly. After careful consideration, they finally found the two most critical reasons why Wangzuocun could not become the emperor's mausoleum:
First, the project was difficult. Dai Junyuan and others pointed out that converting the Wangzuocun Garden Bedroom into the emperor's mausoleum would require a large amount of demolition. When we engage in engineering construction today, the most difficult thing is demolition. The difficulty at that time was also demolition. When the garden dormitory was built, it was not large in scale and could not be as grand as the emperor's mausoleum. Therefore, a large number of folk buildings, including villages, tombs, temples, etc., need to be demolished. It would be taboo to demolish some buildings, such as temples. They counted and found that there were more than 20 villages and more than 40 graves that needed to be demolished. This was such a taboo and difficult matter.
The second is a serious violation of the ancestral system. Regarding the construction of mausoleums, Emperor Qianlong had already set rules as early as the Qianlong period. According to the "Records of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty", Emperor Qianlong warned his children and grandchildren: future emperors can only choose Zunhua and Yizhou for feng shui in their mausoleums, and cannot go elsewhere. Not only Dai Junyuan was aware of this ancestral system, but Emperor Daoguang was also very aware of it. Therefore, Dai Junyuan organized his thoughts, gave Emperor Daoguang some information, stated his own views, and brought out Emperor Qianlong's early edicts to persuade Emperor Daoguang to change his original intention and not build a mausoleum in Wangzuo Village. When Emperor Daoguang received the memorial from Dai Junyuan, he complained incessantly and was very hesitant. He said in his heart that this would be easier for others. You, Dai Junyuan, took out the early decrees of Emperor Qianlong, his grandfather, and he really did not dare to violate it. You know, to Emperor Daoguang, Emperor Qianlong was the ancestor among the ancestors, because Emperor Qianlong was kind to Daoguang. When Daoguang was ten years old, Emperor Qianlong took him to the summer resort to hunt and praised his archery skills. This was of great help to Minning being secretly established as the crown prince. Therefore, when Emperor Daoguang saw that Dai Junyuan had produced Emperor Qianlong's edict, he complained endlessly. "Records of Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty" records that under this situation, Emperor Daoguang had to issue an order in frustration: "I should abide by the constitution and choose an auspicious place within the boundaries of Dongling." At the same time, he issued an order to stop. Order of Wangzuocun Project. The project was short-lived and was not actually implemented. 3. Baohuayu is a waste of time and money.
Baohuayu is within the boundary of Dongling Tomb. It would be really difficult for Emperor Daoguang to build a mausoleum here. According to Emperor Daoguang's thoughts, he began to want to expand the village on the spot and transform it into the emperor's mausoleum. Unfortunately, the purpose was not achieved despite the presence of ancestors. What to do? Emperor Daoguang had no choice but to come to Dongling reluctantly.
After arriving at Dongling, Emperor Daoguang ordered Dai Junyuan and others to lead the Feng Shui magicians to choose good Feng Shui within the Dongling boundary.
According to "Daoguang Dynasty Donghua Continuation Record", Emperor Daoguang gave these people some instructions before leaving and said a very classic saying as a criterion for choosing a geomantic treasure land: If there is no good geomantic omen, he would rather not build a mausoleum. After hearing this, Dai Junyuan and others felt too much pressure. So, this group of people worked very hard and traveled all over the mountains and rivers in Dongling, and finally found a geomantic treasure - Raodou Valley, and reported it to Emperor Daoguang.
Emperor Daoguang showed no expression when he saw the memorial. He was reluctant, but when he saw the name Raodouyu, he felt even more awkward. I thought to myself, this name sounds classless and uneducated. Emperor Daoguang changed "Raodou Valley" to "Baohua Valley" with a stroke of his pen. Look, Baohuayu is so cultured and classy!
Then, construction began in full swing. The Baohuayu Jidi project lasted for 6 years and was completed in the seventh year of Daoguang. As mentioned earlier, in order to build his own mausoleum, he also delayed the construction of his father Emperor Jiaqing's monument building.
Speaking of building the mausoleum this time, at the beginning, it was really reluctant and reluctant. However, Emperor Daoguang quickly adjusted his mentality and took matters into his own hands. It can be seen from the following points that Emperor Daoguang is still serious about the Baohuayu Mausoleum:
First, the mausoleum is fully functional. The Baohuayu mausoleum is very well-equipped, including the emperor's mausoleum and the concubine's garden. When we inspect the Baohuayu Mausoleum on the spot, we will see that the mausoleum has Jinxing Mountain as the front mountain. The orientation and layout of the mausoleum are pretty good, and the Feng Shui can be said to be perfect. The architecture of the mausoleum is magnificent in terms of the main buildings such as Shinto monuments, stone statues, main halls, Minglou, and underground palaces. Next to the mausoleum, a concubine's garden was built for the concubines in his harem to use in the future. After the mausoleum was built, Emperor Daoguang took out Queen Xiaomucheng from Wangzuo Village, who had been buried in the underground palace for many years, and transported her to Baohuayu, Dongling, and attended the belated funeral in person.
The second is to reward the minister of cultivation. Although this was a common practice, Emperor Daoguang still seriously rewarded the princes and ministers who managed the Baohuayu project, including Prince Zhuang Mianke, the ministers Dai Junyuan and Yinghe, etc., with nothing more than official titles and silver rewards.
The third is to build the princess garden dormitory in Dongling. Princess Duanmin Gulun's garden is the only princess's garden in the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty. The Garden Bedroom is located in Xujiayu Village, outside the Feng Shui Wall of Qing Dong Tomb and three miles east of Malanyu. Buried here are Emperor Daoguang's two princesses, two princes and four others. Princess Duanmin Gulun was the eldest daughter of Emperor Daoguang, and her mother was Queen Xiaoshencheng, who lived seven years. The second daughter of the emperor, whose mother was Xiang Fei, lived only half a year. The second son of the emperor, Yigang, and his mother, Xiaojing, became the queen and lived for two years. The third son of the emperor, Yiji, and his mother, Xiaojing, became the queen and lived only more than a month. Among the four siblings, the eldest was seven years old and the youngest only lived for more than a month. However, Emperor Daoguang chose a large area for them to build separate gardens and dormitories, so that his children would be superior to others even in the underworld.
So, Emperor Daoguang was serious at first. Do you think he is not serious even after bringing all his family members? He really wanted to be buried in Dongling in the future. However, something unexpected happened later, which gave Emperor Daoguang an excuse to escape Dongling.
This incident is the water seepage incident in the underground palace of Baohuayu Mausoleum. The leakage was discovered by a cleaning staff. At that time, the cleaning staff was cleaning the underground palace. They found moisture in the underground palace and water marks on the walls. They quickly reported it to the Minister of Protection of Tanglin. The guardian minister did not dare to delay and hurriedly reported to Emperor Guang. Emperor Daoguang was shocked when he heard this, and immediately issued an order to open the wooden door and take a look inside. This wooden door is a door that temporarily closes the underground palace. When Emperor Daoguang dies in the future and the coffin is buried in the underground palace, it will be demolished. Therefore, this is a mysterious underground palace and the burial place of Queen Xiaomucheng's coffin. No one dares to open it without Emperor Daoguang's decree. What everyone is most concerned about, and what Emperor Daoguang wants to know most, is whether there is water in the underground palace, and whether the coffin has been flooded. Therefore, Emperor Daoguang hurriedly sent his clan member Jingzheng to check. Jingzheng, together with the minister of protection of Dongling, opened the wooden door of the underground palace according to the order. Everyone was really surprised when they saw it. It was discovered that water had seeped into the underground palace gold coupons. Jingzheng hurriedly reported what he saw to Emperor Guang. According to the "Records of Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty", "There is five minutes of water accumulation on the ground inside the door. From the stone coupons layer by layer to the ground of the underground palace stone coupons, there are five or six minutes of water accumulation." "
Emperor Daoguang received the report and hurried to Dongling. He was too eager to chase, eager to know what was going on in the underground palace. But he still had to go through the procedures. He had to pay homage to all the ancestors in Dongling before he could come to the local government to handle his own affairs.
After Emperor Daoguang finished everything, he came to the underground palace to take a look. He felt two things: one was surprise. The water was more than a foot and a half deep, which was even worse than what Jingzheng had reported, and the coffin was completely submerged: Second, he was angry. What project is this? It's so bad, but it's a pity that now, if I die and am buried in the underground palace, won't it be flooded?
If the emperor is so angry, those ministers will be in trouble. But Emperor Daoguang was very scheming, and in his extremely angry mood, he actually made an incredible decision:
First of all, there was room for punishment of the minister in charge. There is no doubt that the host minister was first scolded violently, including words such as "unconscionable" and so on. Then, the prince and ministers were punished by being demoted and fined silver. From the perspective of ordinary people, would Emperor Daoguang want to kill someone when he is angry? It's hard to say. Think about it, if the underground palace is leaking water, who wouldn't be angry? However, what is unexpected is that Emperor Daoguang opened his eyes to Dai Junyuan, who had a great responsibility. According to the "Records of Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty": "In order to avoid the death penalty and avoid deportation, he was immediately deported back to his place of origin and used extra-legal benevolence." He was neither killed nor punished, but was dealt with lightly. Emperor Daoguang's attitude towards Dai Junyuan was really an act of mercy outside the law. This is not the emperor's style. What on earth was Emperor Daoguang thinking? Confusing.
Second, deny remedies. It stands to reason that if water seeped into the Baohuayu Underground Palace, it would be over if Emperor Daoguang took some remedial measures. In the early years, water seepage also occurred in Emperor Qianlong's underground palace, which was the remedial measures taken. Emperor Daoguang was very aware of this, because he had participated in the measures to remediate water seepage in Yuling's underground palace. But now, there was water seepage in his underground palace, but he resolutely refused the remedial measures proposed by his ministers. According to the "Records of Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty", Emperor Daoguang said angrily: "Shang Yun tried to repair it, I don't know what his heart is, it's ridiculous. To. "What's so funny?" I can't even laugh anymore. In addition, when someone suggested that if you no longer want to use Baohuayu Mausoleum, then look for it in other places in Tangling, some of which are Feng Shui treasures. However, Emperor Daoguang's reaction was extremely cold. Everyone is guessing, what exactly does the emperor think?
It turns out that Emperor Daoguang already had an idea in his mind. He was not willing to come to Dongling in the first place. At that time, due to family law and ancestral system, he had no choice but to build the Baohuayu Mausoleum in Dongling. This time the water seepage in the underground palace happened to help Daoguang. He wanted to use this as an excuse to leave this place as soon as possible. Therefore, we understand why Emperor Daoguang did not punish Dai Junyuan severely. Then, he made two surprising decisions: First, he demolished the already built Baohuayu Mausoleum, including the Concubine Garden Mausoleum. As for the mountains of construction waste, Emperor Daoguang also made arrangements: the dismantled timber was to be used when building the mausoleum; the stones and bricks were placed nearby for processing. The second is to re-select a geomantic treasure land. Emperor Daoguang sent many Feng Shui magicians to choose around Gyeonggi. These Feng Shui masters have been to Fengrun, Jixian, Miyunfangshan, Yizhou and many other places, but they did not go to Zunhua and did not choose Feng Shui treasures within the Dongling area. Everyone said, didn’t Emperor Daoguang do this intentionally?
In this way, the Baohuayu Mausoleum, which Emperor Daoguang carefully designed and spent a huge amount of money to build, was destroyed in an instant. 4. Satisfied and built the Muling Mausoleum
In the end, Emperor Daoguang built a mausoleum within the Xiling Mausoleum. This mausoleum also went through many twists and turns, and finally the dust settled. This time, Emperor Daoguang won't say anything anymore, it's just three things! So, will this mausoleum win the satisfaction of Emperor Daoguang? We checked some historical materials and found that Emperor Daoguang was really satisfied with this mausoleum. Because there are at least the following two points that fit his psychology.
First, the name "Muling" reflects the subjective will of Emperor Daoguang. The reason why Daoguang Mausoleum is called "Muling" was tacitly decided by Emperor Daoguang himself. The inscription on the Muling Stone Archway records a passage that Emperor Daoguang once said: "Looking respectfully to the northeast, the water is endless, the clouds and mountains are close, and they are singing, and the admiration and admiration are there." This passage was later engraved. To the north of the stone archway in Muling. This was said by Emperor Daoguang himself in the 28th year of Daoguang's reign, and he ordered Yi Ming, later Xianfeng, to hide this edict in the East Nuan Pavilion of Long'en Hall, so the stone archway is engraved with the words "Xuanzong became the emperor in Zhubi". In this edict, three words "mu" appear. Does it imply something? Therefore, after Emperor Xianfeng came to the throne, when naming Daoguang Mausoleum, the courtiers racked their brains and thought: What should it be called? The emperor suddenly remembered this passage, understood his father's original intention, and named the mausoleum Muling.
This was actually the name chosen by Emperor Daoguang himself during his lifetime.
Second, the regulations of Muling reflect the thoughts of Emperor Daoguang. When Emperor Daoguang built this mausoleum, he clearly stated: "Everything must be simple." Therefore, the architecture of Muling reflects Emperor Daoguang's frugal thinking. For example: some buildings were cut. In the Fangcheng, Minglou, Baocheng, etc. surrounding the Baoding building, the large stele building recording the emperor's merits, as well as the two-pillar gate, stone statues and other buildings were cut off. Narrowing of building regulations. For example, the underground palace was reduced from nine coupons and four doors to four coupons and two doors, which was shortened by half. In addition, the main hall was reduced from five to three, and from double eaves to single eaves; the east and west side halls were reduced from five to three; the three arch bridges in front of the palace gate were reduced to one; the Muling Shinto was not the same as the Tailing. Main Shinto connection, etc. No interior decoration, no color painting. Color painting is actually interior decoration, which involves covering the wooden structure with linen and ash to make a floor tent, and then using various paints to draw patterns on it. Mausoleums are usually decorated with colorful paintings, which make them appear solemn and generous. There are no colorful paintings in the three main halls.
We can see from the above-mentioned regulations on cutting down or reducing the Muling Mausoleum that Emperor Daoguang wanted to use these practices to reduce the number and size of buildings and save money for building the mausoleum. 5. A mausoleum full of contradictions
The construction of Muling basically realized the ideas of Emperor Daoguang, reflected the subjective will of Emperor Daoguang, and indeed saved some money. But if we study carefully, we will find that the Mu Mausoleum carefully designed by Emperor Daoguang is actually full of contradictions:
First, Feng Shui selection, look left and right, head and rat at both ends.
Regarding the feng shui of Jianling, Emperor Daoguang once said that he wanted to go to Xiling because his father, emperor and mother were there, and he wanted to follow them. Therefore, he once said in the "Imperial Poems of Muling Stone Pillar": "It does not mean that it is better to change the divination if it is heavy work. I think Longquan is waiting for me." If Emperor Daoguang is telling the truth, he really wants to go to Xiling , he should go directly to Xiling to choose the Feng Shui treasure land. Why did he send a powerful Feng Shui selection team to choose everywhere? These people had no direction at all. They appeared in Fengrun, Miyun, Fangshan, Jixian, and Yizhou respectively. It took more than a year to select a lot of Feng Shui. In the end, Emperor Daoguang was not satisfied, so he chose Longquan Valley in Xiling. He once said: "The Changling Mausoleum is so close, so I can follow my Suzhi." In other words, he went to Xiling to follow his father. In fact, this sentence should be greatly discounted. In other words, this is not what Emperor Daoguang meant.
Second, it is both frugal and wasteful.
Mu Ling's regulations were indeed in accordance with Emperor Daoguang's requirements. They were reduced and abolished. It should be said that some money was saved. But the final settlement of Muling reached 2.43 million taels of silver, which was not only 30,000 taels more than the planned 2.4 million taels, but also much more silver than the Yuling Tomb of Emperor Qianlong and the Tailing Tomb of Emperor Yongzheng built in the heyday. This can Is it saving? You may be wondering why Emperor Daoguang reduced the regulations but did not lose money? We visited Muling on the spot and discovered the truth.
First of all, wood is precious. Generally, the wood used in emperor's mausoleums, large pieces of wood, are pine, cypress, and fir. These woods are easy to harvest, have a short growth period, and are not very expensive. The wood of Muling, the main wood of the three main halls, is a piece of golden nanmu. As we all know, the price of golden nanmu is completely different from that of pine and cypress wood.
Secondly, there is an additional stone archway. Generally, the three gates of imperial mausoleums are simple glazed flower gates, but the three gates of Muling Mausoleum are tall and noble stone archways. On the south side of the stone archway, "Mu Ling" is carved in Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese characters; while on the north side, a Chongqing edict of Emperor Daoguang is carved. This stone archway adopts the architectural form of wooden structure. It is a three-room, four-column and three-story archway made entirely of huge stones. Although the tiles, kissing beasts, brackets, rafters, beams, etc. on the archway are not made of wood, they are The carving technique is no different from wood carving. Therefore, this stone archway, which is carefully carved from blue and white stone, has superb craftsmanship and unique techniques, and its cost is far beyond what ordinary mausoleum doors can match.
The third is the complicated construction technology. Generally, the mausoleum walls of the emperor's mausoleum and the walls of the three main halls are made of rough bricks and ash, while the mausoleum walls and the walls of the three main halls of Muling are all made of dry mortar bricks with complex craftsmanship. This process is complex and time-consuming. When building a wall, there are no gaps between the bricks, and there is no yellow mud on the outside of the wall. This requires craftsmen to grind the bricks carefully, which is very time-consuming.
Moreover, this is only the construction silver of Muling. If we add the mausoleum of Dongling Baohuayu, I am afraid that in the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Daoguang's construction of the mausoleum was the most expensive and wasteful.
Third, we don’t build a big monument, but we still need to erect a monument.
Emperor Daoguang knew very well that during his reign, the Opium War broke out and the cession of land and compensation had already lost the dignity of his ancestors, so he could no longer build large monuments and praise his virtues. Therefore, he issued an order to his son Xianfeng: "There must be no large stele building in the mausoleum, which is suddenly called the holy virtue and divine power." ("Muling Shinto Inscription") This was originally a very humble and wise move, but Emperor Daoguang did not He was willing to do so, so he told Xianfeng again: "If there is any writing, it can be engraved on the underside of the stele in the small stele building." ("Muling Shinto Inscription" Isn't this a contradiction? As a result, Emperor Xianfeng had to make a big fuss on the Shinto stele and engraved on the front The temple name and posthumous title of Emperor Daoguang must be engraved with the "great achievements" of his father. This is the only example of this in the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Therefore, in fact, Emperor Daoguang's "great achievements" were engraved on the back. He built the mausoleum three times, erratically, demolishing the east and building the west, which wasted a lot of national money, which greatly undermined his policy of frugal governance. At the same time, this approach also corrupted the social atmosphere to a certain extent, making the officialdom more corrupt and corrupting the country. The Qing Dynasty truly ushered in the "decline of Dao and Xian".