Dayu killed Fangfeng - a myth circulated in the Liangzhu Culture area
The myth of "Dayu killed Fangfeng" probably happened in the 21st century BC, about 4100 years ago. , its legendary Fangfeng Kingdom is close to the birthplace of Liangzhu culture today, between the two mountains of Fengyu in Deqing County, only a few miles away from Anxi. This myth has long been recorded in historical books, such as "Lu Yu", "Huainanzi", "Historical Records", "Shan Hai Jing", "Sou Shen Ji", etc. In recent years, folk writers in our province have collected a lot of information, which is very valuable of.
①
A long time ago, King Yao and King Shun both attached great importance to water control, because once a flood occurred, people would lose their lives, grains and food would be washed away by water, and even sand and soil would be washed away. They will all be washed away and nothing will be left. King Shun then sent Gun to control the water. Gun blocked the water in low-lying areas. But when it rains heavily and the wind blows, the water flows over the embankment again. Gun used this method for three years, but without success. So King Shun beheaded Gun in a rage, and continued to recruit flood control heroes from all over the world to cure the flood.
Many, many years passed, and Yu came out. He was Gun's son, and he was born three years after Gun's death. Yu was born like a worm, but he grew up quickly and soon became a strong young man. He heard that his father was a hero of flood control, but he was killed by King Shun because he could not control the water, so he also determined to control the water. He thought that since the blocking was unsuccessful, he would have to find other ways. He inspected the north and south of the river and summed up the characteristics of Feng Shui: water flows downwards and surges into floods with the wind. Even with great strength, it cannot stop their incoming force. Therefore, it is necessary to use diversion methods to help the rainwater in the lake port flow along the rivers into the rivers and the sea, and prevent it from accumulating on the land.
Yu crossed the Five Mountains and traveled along the Three Rivers. On the way, he met a friend named Xiao Wu. The two often chatted and walked together. When they were blocked by floods, they worked together day and night to dig out the old embankment, move a hill, and sometimes split a large mountain with a mountain ax. Arriving at Taihu Lake on the coast of the East China Sea, Yu and Xiao Wu temporarily settled down at a place called Tushan on the Qiantang River.
Before they arrived at Tushan, Yu and Xiao Wu discovered that there was a particularly fertile land to the north of the Qiantang River. Later, they learned that there was a contemporary of Gun who was named a "flood control hero" by King Shun. It is windproof and is said to be very good at controlling water. Yu asked Xiao Wu to go and observe on the spot to find out what kind of person Fangfeng was.
Xiao Wu was a subtle person. He followed Yu's instructions and set off immediately. After walking for five and twenty-five days, he came to the territory of King Fangfeng. Seeing many people there grinding stones, Xiao Wu asked: "What is this for?" Everyone said in unison: "Stone plow." At this time, a black turtle stretched out its head and added: "Fangfeng The king went to Taihu to control the water, where did you come from?" Xiao Wu looked at the sound and thought to himself, he is also talking about water control, what power can such a turtle do? Xuangui had already sensed Xiao Wu's thoughts, and suddenly turned into a man much taller than Xiao Wu. This startled Xiao Wu. He took a breath and said, "I am King Yu's military advisor." Xiao Wu was ordered to come to learn from Fangfeng." Xuangui said politely: "The bigger and smaller body embryos are the means for us to control the water. Our Fangfeng King's ability is greater, and his frame is thicker. ”
Xiao Wu returned to Tushan and reported to King Yu what he saw and heard in Fangfeng Kingdom, especially mentioning Fangfeng’s huge body. This made Yu feel incomprehensible, so he said to himself: "His method of controlling water must be very good. I am going to visit him and ask him for advice."
②
Two days later, Fangfeng returned from flood control in Taihu Lake. This time they rebuilt the Western Mountain in Taihu Lake, raising the top of the mountain, digging the caves, filling the ditches in the basin, and letting the four brothers "gold, silver, dragon, and tiger" take turns guarding here. , teaching the people there to cultivate the land. On the way back, Fangfeng sorted out the violent rain in Tiaoxi and arranged for some people to live on some small highlands (these small highlands are around Fangfeng Country, namely Daguan Mountain, Fanshan, Huiguan Mountain, and Yaoshan , Lantern Mountain, Yujia Mountain, Hengshan and other places) Fangfeng passed by Huzhou during flood control and encountered a group of people trapped on a small highland by floods. Everyone shouted "help" when they saw Fangfeng. Fangfeng was really tired at this time, but he thought it was more important to save people, so he ordered his fourth brother Xianggong to take action immediately and pressed his body into the lake, squeezing the water into seven pieces. Seventy-nine tributaries flow into the river and the sea.
The small highland turned into hills, and the people were saved, but King Fangfeng got stuck in the lake. After three days and three nights, his body turned into a mound, like a tower. Later, everyone called it a "wind tower."
There is a lot of rain in the south, and Fangfeng has been working day and night to control the water in this area for ninety-nine and eighty-one days. As soon as he returned home, Xuangui happily came forward and said, "Gun's son Yu has come to Fangfeng Cave." Fangfeng and his fourth brother Xianggong said, "In a few days, we will go to Tushan to communicate with him. Exchange experiences on flood control."
Dayu came to the southeast to control floods for thirteen years, and settled down in Tushan to marry a wife. He often went out and made friends with some flood control heroes. He established villages in the upper reaches of the valley and dug ditches in the lower reaches of the plains. He rested his head on Tiantai Mountain and stepped on the Dongyang River, which was very effective. For this reason, King Shun ordered Yu to be made king and Xiao Wu to be prime minister. Yu established the imperial court and established his capital in Yue, which became famous all over the world. Fangfeng also came under Yu's rule. From then on, everyone called Yu King Xia Yu, Dayu King or "Pingshui King Yu". However, King Yu had never seen Fangfeng. Whenever there was a flood or wind, we had to deal with it personally, so our plans to visit Yu were postponed again and again.
③
Just when Fangfeng was going to Tianmu Mountain to control the flood, Xuangui received a notice from Xiao Wu, saying that King Yu wanted to exchange experience in water control, reward those who have made meritorious deeds, and hold a general meeting. When the princes came to Kuaiji, they especially asked King Fangfeng to introduce his experience in water control. The day of the meeting arrived, but Fangfeng was still on the mountain. When he came back, he said to Xuangui after receiving the notice: "We will leave immediately, and we may be able to catch up with the end of the meeting."
Because King Yu wanted to The conference was held in Maoshan, so people were coming and going up and down the mountain. When King Yu came to the meeting, all the princes presented tributes one after another, including pheasants, hares, mink skins, tiger bones...
At the meeting, King Yu publicly read out the merits and demerits of the kings in governing the country, and expressed his gratitude to the people. The performance of the princes will be rewarded if they have merit and punished if they make mistakes. So everyone was in high spirits and the scene was full of joy. At this time, King Yu remembered Fangfeng, whom he wanted to see many times, but could not see his shadow. After asking several times, everyone said they had not seen him. Asked Xiao Wu again, Xiao Wu said: "This is not a matter of notification. The notifications were sent out at the same time. Everyone came on time, but he was the only one who didn't come." Xiao Wu approached King Yu and whispered With just one sentence, King Yu immediately darkened his face and stopped talking. Xiao Wu invited the kings to eat large pieces of meat and drink from large bowls, hoping that everyone would come and return in a happy mood. Soon, the sound of wind instruments sounded all around Maoshan, and everyone was immersed in the graceful figures of the dancers, forgetting the time.
On the last day of the conference, I saw a group of people coming up to the pond. The first person walking at the front was a very tall man. I saw that there were still a lot of residue on his rolled-up trousers. The mud was dry, and the dozens of people with long arms and legs behind looked like soldiers who had just come off the battlefield, all looking exhausted. Someone at the venue shouted: "King Fangfeng is here." But King Yu said coldly: "Bring Fangfeng up." Monk Fangfeng Zhang Er was confused and walked quickly to King Yu's third-level pedestal. Once you reach the first level, you can face King Yu directly. When Dayu saw that Fangfeng was tall and strong, with a voice as loud as a bell, he was dumbfounded: "What a genius!" But there was an unknown aura in his heart, so he shouted loudly: "Fangfeng! Do you know your guilt? ?" Fangfeng was looking at Dayu who was praised by everyone and the pile of tributes in front of him. Suddenly he heard Dayu's words and blurted out: "Am I guilty? In Fangfeng's country, the people live and work in peace and contentment, what crime do I have?" Dayu felt that Fangfeng's words were quite reasonable, but Xiao Wu said from the side: "Our king held this meeting, why did you come today? Isn't this a crime? ?" Fangfeng's eyes widened when he heard this: "I just treated a flash flood. I came here from the top of the mountain all night. I didn't even have time to prepare tributes, so I just brought some jade bis and jade congs. Every jade article was made of gold, Mr. Yin Er and the common people worked day and night to complete it." After Fangfeng finished speaking, he turned around and left the venue. The two prime ministers Jin and Yin who came with Fangfeng felt that they wanted to explain the situation clearly to Dayu, so they shouted loudly: "My lords, what King Fangfeng just said is completely true. Please forgive King Yu. We will meet in three days." We still arrived on the last day, so why doesn’t it count?” Fangfeng was striding out of the venue, not listening to what Gold and Silver Prime Ministers said. Seeing this scene, Dayu became even more furious and shouted: "Capture Fangfeng and behead him." A group of his men crowded around him. Xiao Wu was the most active in trying to catch Fangfeng, but he was still tall. It was less than Fangfeng's waist and was thrown away by Fangfeng's hand.
King Fangfeng stood on the mountain pond, and no one could come close to catch him. The four prime ministers of gold, silver, dragon and tiger wanted him to go back to Fangfeng Kingdom together, but he stepped back to the platform of King Yu. He held his head high and his chest high, as if he was waiting for King Yu to come and behead him. At this time, there was no sound at all in the meeting place, and the princes were waiting for Dayu's next move. Suddenly a counselor said: "Build the earth." Everyone immediately built a mound of earth next to King Fangfang, raising the ground level by level. However, if the earth was one foot taller, King Fangfeng also grew one foot taller, and it was still out of reach. Cut off his head. Another counselor said: "Fire." They used pine, cypress, camphor and other branches to surround the windbreak and build a wooden frame to form a execution platform, and lit it with a fire. The execution platform was filled with green smoke. Fangfeng laughed three times in the fire and soon turned into ashes. People watched for a long time before gradually dispersing. Dayu looked at this miserable scene and asked himself if he had done something wrong. After returning home, he fell ill in bed.
More than ten days later, he went out to inspect Maoshan, inscribed the word "Yu Point" on a huge stone, and walked towards Xingtang by the way. I saw a small seven-foot earth temple built on the pond. He knew that the people at Shili Xingtang and Qichi Temple were remembering Fangfeng's righteous deeds, and he secretly thought that he must save this unpopular influence.
④
Dayu decided to visit Fangfeng Cave again and study Fangfeng’s experience in water control and country governance seriously. He found Xiao Wu and others and traveled over mountains and wading into the wind and rivers to reach Fangfeng Country. Dayu saw that the rivers and lakes were calm, and the citizens gathered together in twos and threes. They all divided their labors, and everyone was very agile. They built kilns and burned kilns, cut soil and dug trenches, and built stones and walls. It was a prosperous scene.
< p> King Yu and his entourage passed several valleys and mountain roads before arriving at the windproof cave at the foot of Fengshan Mountain. The sunlight reflected off the water surface, making the cave shine brightly. King Yu couldn't help but sigh: "What a wonderful place." What a great place! Everything is prosperous, the country is peaceful, and Fangfeng is such a good king!" They came to the depths of the cave and saw Xuangui and Gold and Silver Prime Minister gathered together to discuss planning a grand memorial ceremony for King Fangfeng. Seeing Dayu and his entourage coming in, they immediately became silent. When Xuangui saw Xiao Wu, he said excitedly: "You are the culprit who killed Fangfeng King. You only sent the notice here one day before the meeting. Even if he was there at that time, you couldn't get to Maoshan on time. Fangfeng King is third Dayu arrived, how can this be considered late?" Dayu immediately asked Xiao Wu, and Xiao Wu had to say that he deliberately made Fangfeng late, because he saw that Yu valued Fangfeng, and Fangfeng had better water control skills than himself. Fangfeng was reused by Dayu, and his position as prime minister might not be guaranteed, so he designed this trap...Dayu suddenly realized that this friend who had been with him for more than ten years was actually a The villain immediately kicked him out. Dayu listened to Xuan Gui and Jin and Yin Xianggong's story about Fang Feng. He felt deeply that he had mistakenly killed a capable, moral and noble great man, and felt very guilty. He read Fangfeng's works and decided to absorb them into his own "Xia Lv", and added special contents, such as reusing talents, guarding against traitors, establishing moral principles, self-discipline, etc. After listening to Xia Yu's words and his demeanor before and after inspecting Fengshan, Xuangui gradually diluted Dayu's anger for killing Fangfeng, and agreed to build a Fangfeng temple in Fengshan, and set August 25th every year as a day to commemorate Fangfeng King. Bury King Fangfeng on the high pier in the north of the royal city.
King Yu thought that these works could make up for his crime of killing innocent people. However, many people in Fangfeng Country did not forgive him. Some people have vowed not to worship Yu anymore and to avenge King Fangfeng. On King Yu's way back to Maoshan from his inspection of Fangfeng Kingdom, a group of mountain gods carrying bows and arrows blocked his way. Dayu shouted: "I am Xia Yu!" The mountain gods ignored him and kept drawing their bows to shoot arrows. King Yu's guards rushed over and caught the two of them. Without saying a word, the two suddenly grabbed two arrows and stabbed them in the chest. Two streams of bright red blood spurted onto Dayu's face. Dayu saw the two of them. When the man died, he ordered his men to take out two balls of immortal grass and stuff them into their mouths, and they immediately came back alive. Dayu said: "They are subjects of the Fangfeng Kingdom. They came to attack me to avenge Fangfeng. Let them go back. Fangfeng is so lucky to have such loyal subjects."
Dayu replied He stopped breathing the next morning after arriving in Maoshan. Everyone obeyed his order: three-inch quilt, four-inch reed coffin, and three-inch tung coffin were buried beside Huiji Mountain, fulfilling his policy of "Those who die on the mountain are buried in the mountain, and those who die in the mausoleum are buried in the mausoleum." system. Take a piece of flint next to it and inscribe it with "熆石", and build a temple. Yu died in Kuaiji, reigning for ten years, and his life span was one hundred and sixty years old.
The subjects of Fangfeng Kingdom will never forget the kindness of King Fangfeng, and they built Fangfeng temples everywhere. There is a relatively large temple in Zhu'ao (later named Hengtang, in Yuanqiao) south of Yushan Mountain. It has a statue made of earth and wood, a dragon head and an ox ear, and Fangfeng ancient music is played during worship. People often sing and play long nights without feeling, remembering their ancestors - King Fangfeng. This custom has lasted for thousands of years. Confucius also mentioned it in "Lu Yu". Until the 1940s, you could still see this Fangfeng Temple!