"Huang Jincheng is thousands of miles away" means that the Guanzhong Plain is surrounded by mountains and rivers, just like a huge natural castle. There are Qinling Mountains in the south-central, Longshan Mountain in the west, Loess Plateau in the north, and Yellow River natural moats in the north and northwest. There is a natural terrain barrier in the east, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Since the Warring States period, there has been a saying of "a country with four blockades". Therefore, in the Han Dynasty, Sean used the advantage of "a golden city of thousands of miles" to persuade Liu Bang to make Guanzhong his capital.
People are familiar with Sichuan Basin, which is customarily called "Land of Abundance", that is to say, it is rich in products, just like a land of abundance. In fact, Guan Zhong was the first to be called "Feng". During the Warring States Period, Su Qin told Qin Chen about the plan of "Lian Heng", praising Guanzhong's "fertile land, rich people, numerous chariots, tackling difficulties in all fields, fertile fields and abundant products", and said that "this so-called rich land is also a hero in the world", more than 500 years earlier than Chengdu Plain was awarded the title of "Land of Abundance". This is because Guanzhong has become a treasure trove of geomantic omen and the capital of emperors since Zheng Guoqu was restored in the Warring States Period. Guanzhong Plain connects Qinling Mountains in the south and Beishan Mountains in the north. Between the northern Shaanxi Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. From Baoji Gorge in the west to Tongguan Port in the east, it is about 360 kilometers long from east to west, narrow in the west and wide in the east, with a total area of 39,064.5 square kilometers. Guanzhong plain is formed by river alluvial and loess accumulation, with flat terrain, fertile soil, rich water resources and good mechanical farming and irrigation conditions. It is the best natural area in Shaanxi. The Weihe River flows into the Yellow River across the basin, and the river is low and flat, with an altitude of 326 ~ 600 meters. From the Weihe River to the south, north and south, the terrain is asymmetrical and stepped, from the alluvial terrace of the first and second rivers to the first or second loess plateau 200 ~ 500 meters higher than the Weihe River. Terraces are distributed continuously on the north bank and incomplete on the south bank. The main tributaries of Weihe River also have corresponding multilevel terraces. The broad terrace plain is the most fertile area in Guanzhong. Between the second terrace on the north bank of Weihe River and the northern Shaanxi Plateau, there is a loess tableland in Weibei extending from east to west. The plateau is wide, with an altitude of 460 ~ 800 meters, and it is the main grain-producing area in Guanzhong. The loess tableland on the south side of Weihe River is intermittently distributed, about 250 ~ 400 meters higher than Weihe River, and it is stepped or inclined shield-shaped. They gently incline from the northern foot of Qinling Mountains to the Weihe Plain, such as Wuzhangyuan in Qishan, Shenheyuan, Shaolingyuan and Bailuyuan in the south of Xi, Yangguoyuan in Weinan, Gao Yuanyuan in hua county and Yuyuan Garden in Huayin. , has developed into a comprehensive agricultural area dominated by forests and gardens.