(1) evaporation? Water vapor transport? Surface runoff?
(2) Internal circulation at sea? The cycle between land and sea
(3)④②
(4) Atmospheric lithos
(1) evaporation? Water vapor transport? Surface runoff?
(2) Internal circulation at sea? The cycle between land and sea
(3)④②
(4) Atmospheric lithosphere hydrosphere
Test analysis:
Question (1), judging from the position and direction of the arrow in the figure, ① indicates evaporation; ② Water vapor transport; ④ Surface runoff.
Question (2) According to the type of water circulation, it can be divided into seawater internal circulation; Land-sea circulation and land circulation. Among them, the cycle between land and sea is most closely related to human beings, which makes the land water resources constantly updated and supplemented. The largest amount of total circulating water is internal circulation at sea, accounting for 99% of the total circulating water.
Question (3): At present, the water cycle that humans can change is to change the surface runoff. Human construction of reservoirs affects surface runoff. The southeast monsoon in summer in China blows from the ocean to the land, and the representative link is ②.
Question (4), the water cycle refers to the process in which various forms of water on the earth continuously undergo phase change and circular motion through evaporation, water vapor transport, precipitation, infiltration and runoff under the action of solar radiation and gravity.
Comments: This question is not difficult and very basic. Combining graphic information with basic knowledge of water cycle is not difficult to answer.
Globally, this cycle can be imagined as starting from the evaporation of the ocean; The evaporated water vapor rises into the air and is transported to various places by the airflow. Most of them stay over the ocean, and a few go deep into the land. Under appropriate conditions, these water vapor condenses and precipitates. Among them, the precipitation on the sea surface directly returns to the ocean, and the rain and snow falling on the land surface, in addition to re-evaporating the water vapor rising into the air, part of it becomes surface runoff to supply rivers and lakes, and the other part infiltrates into the geotechnical layer and is converted into underground runoff. Surface runoff, underground runoff and finally flowing into the ocean constitute a global unified, continuous and orderly dynamic large-scale system. The whole process can be divided into five basic links: water vapor evaporation, water vapor transport, condensation precipitation, water infiltration, surface runoff and underground runoff. These five links are interrelated, influenced, intertwined and relatively independent, and present different combinations under different environmental conditions, forming a series of regional water cycles of different scales around the world.