Crow in the eyes of hunters
In the Woods, a hunter who set a trap saw a crow [1] (blackbird, a bird of blackbird family, commonly known as old woman and dodo in China) turn over and lie on the snow, with its paws motionless in the air, surrounded by the body of a dead beaver; On the cliff, a biologist tried to get close to a crow's nest. A crow couple stood at the top of the cliff, arching a small piece of gravel with their mouths. In a remote country house, a crow croaked abnormally, next to the owner of the house. After being alarmed by the croak, the man found a jaguar that had been hidden for a long time nearby and was preparing to pounce on himself. The above three people all think that they are very clear about the crow's intentions. The man who set the trap in the Woods thought that the crow he saw was playing dead. Once other crows arrive, they will think that it ate the dead beaver and died of poisoning, so that they can enjoy the dead beaver alone. Biologists on the cliff believe that the crow couple attacked themselves with gravel to protect their nests; The owner of the remote wooden house thought that the crow had discovered the hidden jaguar and had ulterior motives, so he warned loudly. These assumptions are reasonable to ordinary people, but if a biologist who has been studying crows for a long time, he may not accept these seemingly reasonable statements or put forward more professional explanations. Among all birds, crow is the bird that likes "games" best because of its excellent IQ. They often lie on the ground with their paws up, just to amuse themselves. When their nests may be attacked, they will peck where they stand, but this is not to warn or threaten the attackers, but to express their anger. Crows often lead large mammals to attack prey that they can't beat, so as to get a piece of the action. Therefore, croaking crows are probably reminding jaguars of the existence of prey, not protecting humans.
Anecdotes about crows
In too many places, people basically believe that this bird is very clever, but all the stories fail to provide evidence to support the extraordinary IQ of crows. Of course, people have observed that crows can perform many complicated actions. For example, they are used to dividing large pieces of butter or sheep fat that cannot be carried in a flight into small pieces for easy carrying; After finding the scattered biscuits, they can accurately base the biscuits together with their mouths and then take them away at one time; If they see two bagels on the ground, they can try to take them away at one time without leaving other birds a chance; In order to mislead natural enemies, they will create a fake place to store food. However, many of the above relatively complex behaviors do not mean that crows subconsciously have the reasoning ability similar to human beings, and can plan two behaviors and then choose the better one. There are still many observations that can't show that crows have a simple learning instinct, that is, they learn an action by rote. Until the 1990s, a well-designed scientific experiment finally proved that crows have the ability of logical reasoning, which is simple and almost taken for granted for human beings, but almost great for a bird. It is an experiment published by 1943. The designer was OttoKoehler, a staff member of the Institute of Zoology in Koenigsberg, Germany at that time. Koehler's experiment shows that Jacob, his 10-year-old pet crow, can count to 7 through training. His training method is to let Jacob take out food from the bottom of one of several containers, and the lid of each container is marked with different numbers of dots. However, the research in the past few years has finally provided some conclusive evidence that crows are really very intelligent animals because they can use logical reasoning to solve problems. In addition, the researchers were surprised to find that crows can distinguish different individuals, which is very similar to human beings. Without this ability, human beings can't form a society, and at most they can only form a small community like insects.
What is the crow thinking?
Animals can't report their thoughts to researchers, so it is always difficult to study the mental state of animals. In fact, human beings don't know what other animals are thinking, maybe they will never know, and even some people don't know what others are thinking. But by observing the behavior of crows through experiments, we can draw the conclusion that crows have certain wisdom to guide their behavior. The experiment of rope feeding shows that crows use logical reasoning; Stealing and anti-stealing strategies show that crows will judge the behavior of competitors according to their actual situation-whether they see themselves burying food. Then, they synthesize all the information and decide which strategy to take to bury and retrieve the food.
Crows do learn.
However, learning alone cannot explain all the behaviors observed by researchers, because the actions are almost completed in an instant without any trial and error process. Scientists speculate that crows are born with game behavior and accumulate experience in the process of playing, which is the premise of their learning. Later, learning was transformed into conscious analytical ability, that is, the ability to use logical reasoning. Logical reasoning ability is very useful for a complex and unpredictable social environment full of competitors and carnivores. This ability can also create new solutions to problems, such as pulling food tied to a rope. People still don't know how unusual this ability of crows is among animals other than humans. However, scientists suspect that although this ability is not uncommon in animals, it is generally limited to specific tasks, because animals live in different environments, and their potential instincts and learning tendencies are far apart. However, compared with most other animals, crows are more comprehensive in this respect. The reason for this is that other birds can't play like crows, and they can't get in touch with this changeable accidental factor and get "wisdom". Perhaps it is this ability that makes crows the most widely distributed birds in the world. Like human beings, they have traveled all over the world. We misjudged the crow./kloc-The crow and the fox, a famous fable poem written by La Fontaine, a famous French fable poet in the 7th century, described the crow as a thief, vain and conceited, and suffered a great loss. If Master Lafontaine lived to this day, he would hear a voice: "No! Mr. Lafontaine, you are wrong about crows! " It is Mr. Yi Yali, an ornithologist who works in the Natural Museum in Paris, France, who stood up to rehabilitate the crow. After years of careful observation and painstaking research, he came to the conclusion that although crows are harmful to crops and are classified as harmful birds in France, their number should be appropriately limited, from a biological point of view, crows are a lovely bird, which is smart, sports-loving, open-minded and dedicated. Guy Yael has been interested in birds since he was a child. He caught a crow when 18 years old. At that time, it was necessary to put a ring on its paw for tracking research. He opened the storage room of the museum, took out a crow specimen from a big drawer and spread his wings like a black umbrella. "This is a specimen of a bald-nosed crow. You see, its feathers are beautiful and shiny, and there is light blue in purple. Look at its face, how gentle and generous. " Crows are loyal to love, and they are single-minded. Men and women stay together for life, and the oldest can live to celebrate their pearl wedding (30 years). Crows get married when they are very young. The male crow's courtship is very special: when he finds the right person, he will croak softly; In order to prove that she has fallen in love, the female crow opens her mouth and waits for the male crow to feed her-either a bitten larva or the internal organs of a dead bird or insect. Male crows are hardworking and often try to help female crows build nests. During the female crow's nest, the male crow is responsible for feeding it. Only when it comes to mating, the male crow will sweep away his usual courtship, put his claws together, jump on the back of the female crow and peck its head. After marriage, crows spend most of their time among crows. Crows live in groups. There are dozens, sometimes thousands or even tens of thousands of crows in a flock. In France, there are 1.2 million crows in winter, of which 80% are migratory birds. They flew thousands of miles from frozen Russia. However, when a large number of crows appear in rural areas and cities, they will also bring trouble when they compete with humans for food and space. In Singapore, there are thousands of crows. The authorities sent armed patrol troops and fired guns into the air to drive them away. Crows are not stupid. They quickly detected the position of the patrol car and avoided it in time. They can also estimate the range height of bullets. As a result, they flew a little higher, and the bullet couldn't hurt a hair at all. Crows have regular activities every day. In the evening, they live in a small tree in Tanobe. After dawn, crows in pairs go to inspect their nests. Crow nests are usually built at the top of big trees (mainly poplars). Hundreds of crow nests gather together to form a crow village. Crows only need a few minutes to pick up twigs and reinforce their nests. When a selected branch is too thick to hold with its mouth, the crow will rush up, grab the branch with its claws and stand upright. Repeat this until the branches are broken by inertia. Due to the reinforcement day after day, the nest can be as high as 50 cm in the first ten years of crows' marriage. After strengthening the nest, they began to eat. Crows are omnivores. They can eat any food they find and are good at adjusting the food structure according to the seasons. In the season of human sowing and harvesting, they feast on seeds and food; In winter, they feed on the larvae of various insects. Crows are quick-thinking and always find new food. They suddenly landed on the backs of cattle and pecked at parasites; Sucking mussels at the seaside. The shell of the mussel was hard, so the crow picked it up and flew into the air. With one mouth, the mussel fell to the ground and its shell was broken. Crow's favorite snack is walnut. In autumn, they can eat enough, and they also want to store some reserves for the cold winter. They picked up some walnuts and carefully buried them in the ground; If it is perceived that it may be exposed, it will move to another place, sometimes several times. Crows have an excellent memory and can easily find walnuts buried in the ground. Occasionally, forgotten walnuts will sprout and grow into walnut trees. Inadvertently, crows are helping people plant trees! Crows mainly live in rural areas, and bald-nosed crows also fly to cities for food: fruits in parks and leftovers in garbage dumps are their food. Crows like sports. Guy Yael was excited when he talked about this matter: "This bird can be said to be a veritable athlete. I have seen several times that a crow picked up a piece of plastic and opened its mouth while flying. Another crow caught it and passed it to the next one, just like a football player passing the ball! It's amazing! " Some bold crows like to perform aerial stunts: I saw them soaring into the sky and then suddenly falling freely at a speed of 200 kilometers per hour; Then either somersault or fly to the sky to make all kinds of amazing shapes. They twittered happily as they moved. Guy Al convincingly proved that crows are by no means thieves. It is smart, active and easy to communicate, and should be taken care of by human beings.
Edit the definitions of nouns in this paragraph.
Crow: road sweeper, wyā, commonly known as "old crow" and "old crow". Birds, Ravidae. The whole body or most of the feathers are black, hence the name. Build a nest in a tree. Often flying around in droves, singing and hoarse. Omnivorous cereals, insects, etc. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages and belong to the beneficial bird. Kafka means "Western jackdaw in the West" in Czech, and Kafka's father's shop uses Western jackdaw in the West as its emblem. In memory of this unique writer, the asteroid 34 12 discovered in 1983 was named after Kafka. Haruki Murakami, a Japanese writer, loves to read Kafka. The name of one of his novels is Kafka by the Sea. Straight, black feathers, green wings, live in groups in forests or fields and feed on grains, fruits and insects.
Edit the species category of this paragraph.
Passeriformes, a common name for several black birds of the family Corvidae, are smaller than most ravens and their mouths are not thick. Among 30 species of crows, more than 20 species are called crows, and this name is widely borrowed. Common crows are short-billed crows (C.
Crow (1 1) and Eurasian crow (C. corone). There are two subspecies of small-beaked crows (some people think they are independent species): C.C. Corone, a scavenger in Western Europe and East Asia; C. c. cornix is distributed between Western Europe and East Asia, and is also found in the northern part of the British Isles. All crows are about 50 cm (20 inches) long, black and shiny, and the crowned crows are gray. Other species, such as C. splendens, are distributed from India to Malaysia (introduced to eastern Africa); The African white-necked crow (C. albus) in tropical Africa has a white neck and chest;
White-necked crow (20 photos) ossification center in southeastern and central North America. Crows are omnivores, eating grains, berries, insects, carrion and eggs of other birds. Although it helps to control economic pests, it is still the target of farmers because it destroys crops. Mainly foraging on the ground, the gait is stable. Like to live in groups, sometimes tens of thousands of them live in groups, but most species don't nest in groups. Each couple usually nests on the high branches of the tree and lays 5 or 6 eggs with dark spots from light green to yellow green. Wild crows can live for 13 years, and captive crows can live for more than 20 years. Some crows in captivity can "talk", and some crows raised in the laboratory can learn to count to 3 or 4, and can find marked food in the box.
Other families are called crows, such as birds of paradise (also known as crows in heaven) and currawong；; Also known as piping-crow), tail (drone; Also known as [king crow]), drooping-eared crow (kokako；; Also known as drooping crow) and rock owl (rock bird; ; Also known as the bald crow.