The Potala Palace, which is built on the mountain and has prominent peaks, is an outstanding representative building of Tibetan ancient buildings, which is praised and yearned for by everyone. It is also the background map of 50 yuan in the fifth set of RMB.
The main building of the Potala Palace is divided into the White House and the Red Palace, with the east and west sides extending downward respectively and connected with the city wall. The palace wall is 4.4 meters high, 2.8 meters wide at the top and 4.4 meters wide at the bottom. It is made of rammed earth and repaired with masonry.
Potala Palace Square in front of Potala Palace is the tallest city square in the world. Won the favor of many domestic and foreign tourists.
Brief introduction of Potala Palace
Potala Palace is located on Maburi Mountain in the northwest of Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, China. It is a magnificent building with the highest altitude in the world, integrating palaces, castles and monasteries. It is the largest and most well-preserved ancient palace complex in Tibet.
Brief introduction of Potala Palace
I have never seen the Potala Palace, but it has spread all over the world. As we all know, the Potala Palace in Tibet is not only a sacred place, but also a treasure of Tibetan culture and art. The Potala Palace is located on the Hongshan Mountain in the center of Lhasa, Tibet, with an altitude of more than 3,700 meters, a total construction area of10.3 million square meters, a main building height of16,5438+05.703 meters and a floor of * */kloc-0. It is the largest, most intact and complete palace complex in Tibet.
Who was the Potala Palace built for?
Potala Palace was originally built for Zambson Zagambo, a Tubo dynasty, to marry Bhrikuti Devi and Princess Wencheng. However, in 1645, the Potala Palace was rebuilt by lord protector in Qing Dynasty, Gushi Khan, King of Shuote Khan, and Sonan Qunpei, Regent of Gelug School.
Statue of Princess Wencheng in Potala Palace
Princess Wencheng was a famous princess in the Tang Dynasty. After she married Songzan Gambu, she promoted Tang Fan's intimacy, which not only saved the people from the suffering of swords and shadows, but also led Datang to a border disaster. With the economic development and national strength of Datang, Datang finally became a world power.
According to historical records, Princess Wencheng was unhappy when she married Songzan Gambu, because Songzan Gambu fell in love with a Nepalese princess. I won't discuss whether they are happy. The reason is very simple. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, married his adopted daughter Wencheng to Songzan Gambu in exchange for border peace and achieved political goals. As for this kind of political marriage, no one cares about happiness or not.
Anyway, there is one thing. After Princess Wencheng's death, Tibetans made a clay statue for her, which was enshrined in Potala Palace with Songzan Gambo. Who can say that two people are unhappy in marriage?
Clay sculpture, also known as clay sculpture, can be said to be a very common thing in the Han nationality, because the material is simple, as long as it is clay, it can be made, but the biggest disadvantage of clay sculpture is that once it is dry, it is easy to crack. What will the clay sculptor do to overcome this problem? They have a unique trick.
The clay Buddha in Potala Palace is far more complicated than the clay figurine in the Central Plains. Why do you say that? Let Bian Xiao decrypt it for you:
First of all, we must overcome the obstacles of shaping:
Some people may ask, isn't the clay figurine just a piece of mud, a piece of mud, piled up according to the shape of the clay figurine, decorated in human form, and finally completed?
Actually, it's really not like this. To make a clay figurine Buddha statue, you need to make a wooden shelf first, and then pile up the clay figurine shape on the wooden shelf with high-quality soil.
Next, we must go through the dry crack.
Little clay figurines will still crack, and clay figurines as tall as real people will definitely crack, but Tibetans have a way to add cotton to the sticky mud, because there are cotton fibers as bones and muscles, clay figurines rarely crack.
Anyone who thinks that the clay sculpture created here is finished is all wet. What I want to talk about is: two key points in making clay Buddha statues, one is how to prevent the Buddha statues from being eaten by insects, and the other is how to make the Buddha statues have aura.
Because there is a wooden skeleton in the middle of the Buddha statue, the most feared thing is moth-eaten. In order to prevent the clay sculpture from being eaten by insects, it is absolutely impossible to add toxic drugs such as Stellera chamaejasme to prevent insects. Instead, precious insect-repellent drugs such as saffron and saffron are added to the muddy water, which can not only prevent insects for thousands of years, but also make Princess Wencheng's clay sculpture smell delicious.
Next, how to make Princess Wencheng's clay sculpture have aura? This requires adding all kinds of pearls, jadeites, dzi beads, jade, precious stones and mashed scriptures to the clay. Only by adding these things, Princess Wencheng's clay sculpture has an extraordinary atmosphere.
It can be seen that ancient craftsmen not only spent a lot of time but also spent a lot of energy making clay sculptures of Princess Wencheng. This kind of luxury production process, regardless of cost, can no longer be copied and imitated in modern times. Therefore, the clay sculpture of Princess Wencheng is absolutely priceless.
The history of Sala Potala Palace
The Potala Palace was built in the 7th century A.D. during the period of Songzan Gambo, the king of Tibet, with a history of 1300 years. At the beginning of the 7th century, after Songtsan Gambu moved to Lhasa, three nine-story thousand palaces were built on Hongshan, named Potala Palace, in order to marry Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty.
In 63 1 AD, the Potala Palace was built by Tubo Songzan Gambu. At that time, there were 999 palaces and 1000 practice rooms in Jiashan, which were severely damaged by lightning and war.
Since then, the Dalai Lama has expanded one after another, and the Potala Palace has reached today's scale. The unique Potala Palace is also sacred. Because in today's China, as long as it is mentioned, it will naturally be associated with Tibet.
Among them, there are more than 2,500 square meters of murals, nearly 1,000 pagodas, tens of thousands of statues and tens of thousands of thangkas. There are also precious classics such as Bayeux Sutra and Ganjul Sutra.