In the Ming Dynasty, the palaces were resplendent and the halls were resplendent. It was built in the 26th year of Yuan Zheng Zhi (1366) and rebuilt in the 10th year of Ming Hongwu (1377). It was once the palace of Hongwu, Wenjian and Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. It was not until the 19th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (142 1) that Ming Taizu Judy moved to Beijing, and the mission of the Nanjing Forbidden City officially ended, but the royal family and important officials were still stationed, which played an important role.
The Forbidden City was destroyed many times in the Ming Dynasty, and now only some ground buildings and underground stone pillars remain 1958, which is listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. In 2006, the State Council was approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Nanjing Forbidden City was built in the 26th year of Yuan Zheng Zhi (1366), and its address is located in the outer suburb of Qing Ji in Yuan Dynasty (that is, east of Nanjing downtown). Originally known as the "New Palace of the Prince of Wu", it was later called the Imperial City. As Zhu Yuanzhang was not proclaimed emperor at that time, the scale of the new palace was limited, only the outer and inner courtyards in the middle road were built, and no palace was built in the open space on the east and west sides. The new palace is 790 meters wide from east to west and 750 meters long from north to south. It has four doors, namely, the noon gate in the south, the Donghua gate in the east, the Xihua gate in the west and the Xuanwu gate in the north. The entrance to the meridian gate is Fengtianmen, the main hall is Fengtiandian, and the front of the temple is left with Wenlou and Wulou. After that, it's Gaihua Hall, where you were awarded the honor. There are Gan Qing Palace, Kunning Palace and Liuwu Palace in the Forbidden City.
In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne as emperor, taking Yingtianfu as Nanjing, Kaifeng as Beijing, and establishing the capital in Fengyang the following year. The expansion of Nanjing Palace was terminated again because all the manpower and material resources were concentrated on the construction of Zhongdu City and Palace. In the following years, only the necessary maintenance was carried out on the existing palace.
In the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), Zhu Yuanzhang abandoned the plan of building a capital in Jianzhong and concentrated on building Nanjing. In this construction, two gates at the left and right of the Wumen Gate, two east and west corner gates at the left and right of the Fengtian Gate, and buildings such as the Cultural Hall and the Wuying Hall were added. In the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392), it was built again, and a palace wall was built outside the imperial city, with the new wall as the imperial city, and the original imperial city was renamed Miyagi. Miyagi front repairs the end gate, Chengtianmen and Jinshui Bridge, forming a T-shaped square, south to Hongwumen built in 1373. There are five departments on the east side of the square (punishments are outside the emergency exit in the north of the imperial city), and there are five generals' offices on the west side. [6]
During the construction of the Forbidden City in Nanjing, Fu Guishan in Zijin Mountain was taken as the support, and the problem of geomantic omen was emphasized. However, due to the limitation of site selection, the Forbidden City was built on the filled Swallow Lake. Although the foundation has been strengthened by piling, paving stones and tamping with lime concrete, the problem of foundation subsidence has occurred after a long time, and waterlogging is easy to form in the palace, making drainage difficult. At the same time, Miyagi is too close to the outer city to defend in wartime. [6]
Satellite restoration map of Nanjing Forbidden City
After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwen, the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, succeeded to the throne, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Judy, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang and the prince of Yan, and invaded Nanjing in the name of going to Beijing to destroy treacherous court officials. After four years of war and four years of Wen Jian (1402), Judy, the prince of Yan, invaded the capital, and as a result, "the capital fell and the palace caught fire", burning down the palaces such as the Fengtian Palace, and the emperor Wen Jian and his empresses were also burned to death (once said, they fled to the south).
After Judy ascended the throne, she still lived in the Forbidden City in Nanjing, but at the same time ordered to move the capital to Beiping (now Beijing). In the 18th year of Yongle (1420), the Forbidden City in Beijing was completed, and Judy moved to Beijing the following year. After that, the Forbidden City in Nanjing was no longer used, but it was still used as a residence palace, managed by the royal family and internal officials. Hundreds of years later, wind and rain hit, and natural damage was also very serious. For example, in the 14th year of Ming Yingzong Orthodox (1449), there was a thunderstorm in summer and June, and the temples of Shenshen and Gai Hua were struck by lightning and caught fire. In May of the 21st year of Xianzong Chenghua (1485), "Nanjing gale uprooted ancestral temple trees, destroying the big sacrifice hall and the animal kiss in the imperial city". In the first year of Jiajing, Sejong (1522), "In autumn and July, it was stormy, the river flooded and the suburban walls were ruined." By AD 1644, Li Zicheng led the peasant uprising army to capture Beijing, and Zhu Yousong, the younger brother of Emperor Chongzhen, fled to Nanjing, delaying the establishment of the Nanming Dynasty. The Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty was dilapidated, so Zhu Yousong could only live in Nanjing, that is, the emperor was located in Wuying Hall, because the Jinxi Hall was gone.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Axe King and Zhu Yousong ascended the throne here, and once established Nanming regime. At this time, most temples in the Ming Palace Museum have collapsed, and the ancestral temple in Nanjing has already been burned down. Zhu Yousong carried out some restoration work and built buildings such as Fengtianmen and Cixi Hall.
After the Qing Dynasty destroyed Nanming, Nanjing was changed to Jiangning, and the imperial city of Ming Dynasty was changed to the Eight Banners Garrison City. General Du Tong and the second yamen were located in the Palace Museum of Ming Dynasty, and the wall was built from Taiping Gate to Tongji Gate for isolation. The buildings of the Ming Palace Museum were severely damaged.
Model of Nanjing Palace Museum (exhibits of Nanjing Museum)
During the reign of Kangxi, the stone carvings of the Ming Palace Museum were used to build Putuo Mountain Temple. In A.D. 1684, Emperor Kangxi made his first southern tour and arrived in Jiangning (Nanjing). When he saw the dilapidated "Ming Palace", he was deeply moved. In the article On Jinling, he wrote: "You told the story of the Forbidden City with many beautiful scenery. Phoenix used to be magnificent, but now it's ruined! ..... After crossing the city, the old ideas in the alley have not changed, and there is no one in the palace. Seeing this, I can't help but sigh the flowers and plants in the Wu Palace and the clothes in the Jin Dynasty! " It can be seen that the Forbidden City in Ming Dynasty was quite desolate at this time.
After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom captured Nanjing, it did not use the Ming Palace as the base of the palace, but chose a new location in the city to build a new palace, where a large number of stones and bricks were removed from the Ming Palace. By the time the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom perished, the palaces and walls of the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty had basically disappeared. [6]
During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the Forbidden City in Ming Dynasty suffered another great damage due to the fighting movement between Taiping Army and Qing Army. Except for the stone component foundation buried underground, only a piece of rubble, snakes and rats remained. 19 1 1 year, the Englishman Fares also removed seven stone carvings and three pairs of stone lions from the Ming Palace site and transported them to the Yangzi Hotel in Shimonoseki for decoration.
During the Republic of China, it was planned to use the Forbidden City as the central administrative region, but due to financial resources and war reasons, the plan could not be fully realized. In the former site of the Ming Palace, there are only the China Kuomintang Central Supervision Committee and the China Kuomintang Central Party History Information Exhibition Hall. 1929, in order to welcome Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin to be buried in Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, the newly-built Zhongshan East Road passed through the ruins of the Ming Palace Museum and divided it into two parts. By the late Republic of China, the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty had become a small airport.
1949 after the liberation of Nanjing, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and other comrades invited relevant experts and scholars to discuss and seek protection opinions. Participants agreed that this is an important site of the Ming Palace in the history of China and should be protected, so they decided to bury about 350 stone pillars on the spot and bury them on the central axis of the north side of the road and its two sides. About 600,000 square meters of land on the north side of Zhongshan East Road will be turned into a training ground for Nanjing Military Region for protection; And the stone carvings that were grabbed by British fares at Xiaguan Yangzi Hotel were transported back to the site for renovation.
1956 10, the site of the Ming Palace Museum was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Jiangsu Province; 199 1 year, the Ming Palace Ruins Park was officially opened to the public; In 2000, the Provincial Grand Theatre was relocated and built. After the park was rebuilt, it was reopened as the first batch of free parks in Nanjing. In 2006, the Ming Palace Museum site was officially upgraded to a national key cultural relics protection unit.
After 20 1 1 year, the Nanjing municipal government made a new protection and utilization plan for the Ming Palace ruins, and turned it into a national-level ruins park.