Hanzhong
General situation of city
Area code: 09 16
Postal code: 723000
Location: Located in the south of Shaanxi Province.
Population: 5 10000.
Division: It governs Hantai District, Nanzheng County, Chenggu County, Yangxian County, Xixiang County, Mianxian County, ningqiang county County, Lueyang County, zhenba county County, Liuba County, Foping County, etc. 1 District, 10 County.
Hanzhong
Hanzhong, located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, borders Qinling Mountain and Nanping Bashan Mountain in the north, with the beautiful and rich Hanzhong Basin in the middle. The city governs ten counties and one district, with a total area of 27,000 square kilometers and a population of 3.72 million. Hanzhong is a national historical and cultural city and a national ecological demonstration construction pilot area. Hanzhong has rich cultural heritage and unique and beautiful natural scenery. There are 1 13 cultural relics protection units at all levels in the city, including 2 national key cultural relics protection units and 25 provincial key cultural relics protection units. There are 1 biosphere between man and nature, 7 national ecological scenic spots (spots) and 16 provincial-level ones in the world.
history
As early as Shang Dynasty, people lived and worked here. In later history, Hanzhong once became a battleground for military strategists. For example, Liu Bang and Zhuge Liang all used Hanzhong as their military bases. Hanzhong is the birthplace of the Han family with a long history. Since 365438 BC+02 BC, King Qin Huiwen has settled in Hanzhong County for the first time, with a history of more than 2300 years. Hanzhong opened a China enterprise. In 206 BC, Hanwang Liu Bang took Hanzhong as his birthplace, built an altar to worship Han Xin as a general, built a plank road, secretly crossed Chencang, competed in the Central Plains, pacified Sanqin and unified the world, and achieved more than 400 years in the Han Dynasty. Since then, the titles of Han Dynasty, Han nationality, Han nationality, Chinese language and Chinese culture have come down in one continuous line. During the Three Kingdoms period, Hanzhong was the main battlefield between Wei and Shu. Huang Zhong, a veteran, beheaded Xia at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, while Zhao Yun, the master, was defeated by the waterfront, and Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang, a generation of famous soldiers, spent eight years in Hanzhong and spent the most difficult years in his life. Six out of Qishan, northern expedition to Cao Wei, do my best. Finally, it was buried at the foot of Dingjun Mountain, where Wuhou Temple was buried, and was called "the first Wuhou Temple in the world". This is the hometown of Zhang Qian, the pioneer of the Silk Road, and the fief and burial place of Cai Lun, the inventor of the four great inventions of papermaking. Emperors such as Han Xin, Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao have made great contributions here, and great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Lu You and Su Shi have visited, migrated or lived in this land, leaving magnificent ink poems.
cultural relic
There are many cultural relics in this city. There are two national key cultural relics protection units and famous cultural heritage with the theme of "Han Three Kingdoms". The famous scenic spots are Shimen, Baijiangtai, Wuhou Temple and Sean Temple.
wuhou tomb
Wuhou Tomb is located at the foot of Dingjun Mountain, 4 kilometers south of Mianxian County. It is the burial place of Zhuge Liang, an outstanding politician, strategist and prime minister of Shu and Han in Chinese history. The tomb area is surrounded by water, with towering old trees and pleasant scenery all year round. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit and one of the main tourist attractions in southern Shaanxi.
Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei to establish the Shu-Han regime before his death, from official to prime minister, marquis of Wuxiang, and died as a loyal minister marquis of Wuhang. For thousands of years, we have called his tomb the tomb of marquis of Wu. In 234 A.D., Zhuge Liang died of overwork in the former army during the fifth northern expedition to Cao Wei, and the Shuhan court followed his orders and was buried at the foot of Dingjun Mountain.
Wuhou Tomb is surrounded by Dingjun Mountain, and there are nine hills along the lower edge of Shaozu Mountain, which are divided into eight streams: Qinggou, Wangzigou, Jinggou, Duandigou, Tian Jiagou, Niujiaogou, Wadonggou and Longzugou. Three floors in front of the tomb, from Dingjun Mountain to the west, about three miles from here into a sleeping bow, which was called "three copywriters" in ancient times. From Shaozu Mountain to Liugang, if Youlong is eastward, it will suddenly rise and fall for five or six miles and form a new moon in the second half of the tomb, which is the positive pulse of the tomb. Under the new moon, within the sleeping bow, more than 300 mu of flat land is suddenly open, surrounded by nine branches, like a bergamot, and its natural setting is beyond human reach.
There are four mountains next to the tomb, called "Qianshuan Beam, Houbi Peak, Zuodiling and Youwushanling", which surround Wuhou Temple. Four mountains, pine and cypress mountains and rivers, cover the sky and cover the sun, and it is difficult to find a shrine. Turn the beam of the book case, and the front will be suddenly enlightened, and there will be some scenery. In the center of the basin, high hills stand, ancient buildings are clustered, ancient trees are dense, bamboo forests are pruned, flowers and birds are singing, and a stream meanders through the tomb, flowing water gurgles, adding a bit of mystery and new interest to the tomb area. Wuhou Tomb Area, covering an area of 360 mu, has more than 70 ancient buildings left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties and more than 40 ancient cypresses, including 22 in 170 and 2 in the Han Dynasty. Cooper, Korea and Guangxi complement each other, and the four seasons compete for research. It's a fairyland on earth, a paradise on earth.
There is a sitting statue of Zhuge Liang in the center of the hall. Feather fans, black scarves and treasures are solemn and lifelike. Yin Hejian stood on both sides, while Guan Xing and Zhang Bao were wearing armor and holding directions and whips, which made people respect each other.
The East-West Wing and the Taoist Temple in the South Courtyard are large-scale sculpture exhibitions of "Zhuge Liang, a generation of wise stars", which are divided into 30 groups, once again vividly showing Zhuge Liang's political and military activities in his life. Historical materials are informative and large-scale, from round carvings to reliefs to murals, they are always regarded as a whole, each with its own scenes. The characters are realistic and the scene is magnificent, giving people a faint feeling of arrogance and screaming.
Behind the temple, the tomb stands tall and looks like a bright tomb. The tomb is 6 meters high and 60 meters in circumference, surrounded by white marble guardrails, on which 35 stories of Zhuge Liang's life are embossed. There is a four-corner pavilion in front of the tomb, called Qianfen Pavilion. One corner of the pavilion is high, surrounded by a wooden fence, and the plaque of "Shuanggui Liu Fang" is hung high in the pavilion. There are two tombstones in the pavilion, one is the "Tomb of Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Han Dynasty" set up by Zhao Jian, the provincial judge in Jinling, Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1549), and the other is the tomb of yongzheng emperor in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 13). The tomb runs east-west, with its head in the west and its feet in the east, which means "to cherish the West Shu and revitalize the Han Dynasty".
In front of the worship hall, a vine is wrapped around the cypress tree, named "Lingxiaohua" or "Climbing the cypress tree". * * * Leaves are like Toona sinensis, the color is green, flowers are like morning glory, and the color is red. It blooms from summer solstice to early autumn every year, and the flowering period is as long as 100 days. Every flower season, flowers bloom at dusk and fall everywhere. Looking from a distance, I saw red flowers blossoming among the green cypresses, and the red and green colors set each other off, which was very delicate and charming, giving people the feeling that thousands of years old cypresses bloomed red flowers. It was so beautiful. Bringing flowers together symbolizes Zhuge Liang's revival of the Han Dynasty, which is a benign festival for the country and the people.
At present, there are still more than 34 plaques, 29 couplets and 100 murals in the cemetery. Most of the inscriptions and couplets praise Zhuge Wuhou. There are more than 10 bells of Zhongding furnace in different periods. There are 48 banners engraved with Wuhou characters. Cultural relics and historic sites are not only the witness of history, but also the content of sightseeing.
When you stand on Dingjun Mountain overlooking the cemetery of Zhuge Wuhou, you can see that nine hills are like rolling dragons, gathering from all directions to the cemetery, guarding the resting place of Wuhou among the cypresses and pines, so it is called "the sage in Kowloon". Anyone who comes to visit the tomb of Wuhou has no regrets! "No wonder the marquis of Wu kissed this cave" is really "Zhuge Jiacheng, a unique paradise".
Stone carvings on ramps, stone gates and cliffs
Bao Xiedao, Shimen and Cliff Stone Carvings were listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in the State Council, with a total number of 57, which are described as follows:
A, praise and crooked way
In the Qinling Mountains, there is a valley that runs through the Hanzhong Basin in Guanzhong Plain, and its south mouth is praised, 25 kilometers north of Hankou District. Beikou is oblique, at the southwest of Meixian County15km, with a length of 235km. Since the Warring States period, some people have carved stones and erected trees in the valley to build plank roads, which have been repaired many times in previous dynasties, and later generations named them "praise ramps". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty overhauled and chiseled the ramp for 250 kilometers, which led to the grand occasion of "the plank road is thousands of miles, and all roads are impassable".
Second, Shimen
Shimen is a tunnel hole dug by hand. At the south exit of Baoxie Road, the tunnel is16.3m long, 4.2m wide and 3.45m high. Shimen Reservoir 1970 was submerged in the reservoir.
According to Ode to Shimen, the excavation date of Shimen was the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was excavated in 1 century. Therefore, a foreign expert in modern times said, "The earliest artificially excavated tunnel in the world was in Baocheng, Shaanxi, China". It refers to this stone gate.
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Shimen has been blocked from time to time and has been under repair, leaving many cliff stone carvings.
Three, Shimen Cliff Stone Carvings
There are many cliff carvings in the Han and Song Dynasties in Shimen Cave, on the east and west walls outside the cave, on the steep slopes in the north and south, and on the rocks in the middle of the river and on the beach. Some of them are records of the opening and restoration of Xiexie Road, Shimen and He Shan Dam in past dynasties, and some are souvenirs of sightseeing. According to the statistics of Qing dynasty, there are about 40 species. Among them, "Thirteen Products of Han and Wei Dynasties" was very famous in the Tang and Song Dynasties and enjoyed a good reputation throughout the country.
The so-called "Thirteen Classics of Shimen in Han and Wei Dynasties" are represented by the east and west walls of Shimen Cave, Ode to Shimen carved in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Shimen Ming carved in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Among them, Ode to Shimen has long been famous all over the country, and it is a treasure to study the ancient traffic history and calligraphy art in China. Especially its calligraphy, is Han Li's masterpiece.
Shimen Stone Carving was moved to Guhantai in Hanzhong City in 1970 because the country wanted to build Shimen Reservoir, and it was repaired by bonded, and a special room was built, named "Thirteen Products Exhibition Hall of Shimen in Han and Wei Dynasties". There is an endless stream of Chinese and foreign tourists coming to visit.
Ancient China-Taiwan Province
Guhantai, located in the center of Hanzhong, was built during the struggle between Chu and Han, covering an area of about 8,000 square meters. It consists of a three-stage platform with a height of 8 meters. In 206 BC, after a storm in the peasant war overthrew the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu, by virtue of his own merits, tore up the agreement that "the first one who captured Xianyang was king" between the rebel armies and Chu Huaiwang, and named Liu Bang who took Xianyang first as Hanwang. Liu Bang endured humiliation and led an army to Hanzhong via the Meridian Road, rammed today's Guhantai, a high court in the Qin Dynasty, and set fire to all the plank roads that followed Zhang from Guanzhong to Hanzhong, in order to show that he was content to be Hanwang and did not want to compete with Xiang Yu for the world in the north again, so as to paralyze Xiang Yu and dispel his vigilance. Liu Bang practiced martial arts in Hanzhong, taking Hantai as the court and Hanzhong as the foundation, recruiting talents, promoting "disciple" Han Xin as the general of the Han Dynasty, and using Han Xin's tactics of "paving the way and crossing the ground secretly", he caught Xiang Yu off guard and took the Sanqin by surprise.
Liu Bang made his fortune in Hanzhong. So the name of the country is Han. The high platform where he lived was called Guhantai by later generations. In the Song Dynasty, Zhang wrote a poem "Leaving this black soil is still the inheritance of the Han family", in which "a black soil" refers to the remaining high platform. Chen Yucai in the Qing Dynasty wrote a poem, "Chi Di's prosperous time has passed, and the platform is as good as new. On that day, the imperial court disappeared, and at this time, the county state-owned benevolent people. "
Since the Han Dynasty, Hantai has become a place for Hanzhong officials to worship and play, and it was later renovated. The Wangjiang Tower, which now stands at the end of Taipei City, was built in the Southern Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Wang Xiangzhi recorded that there was "Tianhan Building" in the northeast corner of Yamen, which was the initial name of Wangjiang Building. Things are different, and after many ups and downs, the Wangjiang Tower today gives people a magnificent feeling. With its unique shape and majestic charm, it has already become a landmark ancient building in Hanzhong ancient city. Looking up the stairs, surrounded by Yunshan, it is like a picture scroll; There are many towers overlooking the city; Looking around the courtyard, old trees are trimmed and flowers and trees are hidden. Climbing up this building makes people feel relaxed and full of emotion.
Wangjianglou is due south. There used to be Guiyintang and several Guhangui. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, the fragrance is everywhere, making it a good place for Hanzhong to visit Guangxi. In the south, there is a mirror pool and a heart-washing pavilion built in the Ming Dynasty. The stone horse on the east side of the building, with simple style, is a relic of people's comments on Wei Yan, the general of Shu in the Three Kingdoms. The beautifully shaped bronze bell in the pavilion is a relic of the Rui Palace in Hanzhong in the Ming Dynasty. Staring at the bronze bell, my ears seemed to echo with the melodious morning bell and evening drum in the Zen forest to protect the country. Taiyu, known as one of the eight scenic spots in Hanzhong, is an antique in the Chu-Han period and the earliest stone carving work in Hantai, or "Liu Bang mounted the horse", "sword test stone" or "stone drum" and "court column base".
Guhantai is now the seat of Hanzhong Museum. The old trees in the station are lush, the bamboos are uneven, and the pavilions are far away. The lotus leaves in Bichi are patchwork, which has the feeling of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The essence of the museum is the "Thirteen Products of Shimen in Han and Wei Dynasties" showroom. Belonging to the cliff stone carvings of Han and Wei dynasties, which are well-known at home and abroad, they are known as "national treasures" and "calligraphy treasures". The writing contents of these cliff carvings are of great significance to the study of the development of China's transportation, water conservancy, science and technology, and calligraphy art, especially the evolution of Han Li. It makes up the blank of history books and corrects the misinformation of history books. It is an important stone carving document and a national first-class cultural relic. Among them, Cliff Stone Carvings "Kaizan Xielu" and "Ode to Shimen" in the Eastern Han Dynasty are first-class.
natural environment
Hanzhong is the best ecological place in the same latitude on the earth. This beautiful basin is surrounded by the towering Qinling Mountains and the vast Bashan Mountains, and is nourished by the Hanjiang River and Jialing River, two tributaries of the Yangtze River. Although it is located in the west of China, it has the same beautiful scenery as the south of the Yangtze River. It is a treasure trove of geomantic omen that combines the benefits of the north and the south and the beauty of the north and the south. When you travel in Hanzhong, you will find green everywhere. Foping Nature Reserve is the first "World Man and Nature Biosphere" awarded by UNESCO in northwest China, and the first research base of wild giant panda breeding in China. Evergreen Nature Reserve has the reputation of "biological resource pool", and there are many kinds of rare animals and plants, especially the four national treasures-crested ibis, giant panda, golden monkey and takin, which have attracted wide attention from scientific circles at home and abroad. Liping National Forest Park is known as "Jiuzhaigou" in the northwest, with many strange peaks, rocks and beautiful waterfalls. Baizi Mountain is towering into the sky, with 92 peaks, 82 temples and 72 caves. It is picturesque and foggy, and its alpine meadows and Bai Zi sinkholes are rare in the world. Wuzi Mountain is steep and densely forested, and is known as the "Upper Huashan Mountain" in southern Shaanxi. More than 2,500 acres of rare white pine in the mountains are spectacular. The Gaoxia Pinghu Lake in Baogukou Shimen Scenic Area has various manners, imitating the Shimen plank road built by mountains and rivers, flying in the air, reappearing the grand style and shape characteristics of the plank road in Qin and Han Dynasties; Hongsi Lake is a "natural scroll of Chinese painting", which is shrouded in clouds, blended with mountains and rivers, quiet and mysterious. Nanhu Lake is a beautiful water garden with beautiful natural scenery, surrounded by bamboo forests and winding paths. The largest dry orange production base in northwest China-Chenggu 100,000 mu dry garden, with orange red and yellow in autumn, is pleasant to pick oranges in the garden; Xixiang Cherry Valley, the second largest cherry base in China, is in full bloom, with beautiful mountains and fragrant Wan Li. There are also millions of acres of rapeseed and 500,000 acres of tea gardens. Every spring, there are hundreds of miles of golden flowers on both sides of the river, and bees and butterflies are flying, which is refreshing.