How much do you know about the ancient pagoda in western Liaoning?

The author visited 64 existing ancient pagodas in western Liaoning. According to statistics, there are more than 0/00 Liaota/KLOC in China, mainly distributed in Shanxi, Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning and other places. There are 36 stupas of Liao Dynasty visited by the author in western Liaoning, which are the main components of ancient pagodas in western Liaoning. There are only two Jin Dynasty pagodas preserved in western Liaoning, which are located in Nanpiao District of Huludao City and Meigong Lingta in Jianping County of Chaoyang City. When I was looking for the Yuandadu in western Liaoning, I didn't find the Yuandadu with a clear record of its construction date. However, beside the ruins of the temple built in the Yuan Dynasty in Yiwulu Mountain, there are still some tomb towers left. Can it be inferred as the Yuanta? The number of pagodas in Ming dynasty in western Liaoning is very small, and the scale of pagodas is not large. The famous pagoda in Jinzhou and the tube pagoda in Wanfo Hall Grottoes in Yixian, Jinzhou. Buddhist pagodas in western Liaoning in the Qing Dynasty and later mainly existed in Yiwulu Mountain, Fenghuang Mountain and Bijia Mountain in Jinzhou Bay. Phoenix Mountain in Chaoyang City and Shepanshan Mountain in Fangshan Town, Heishan County, Jinzhou City each have a Tibetan stupa in Qing Dynasty, commonly known as Lama Pagoda. In addition, there are two pagodas built in Liao Dynasty or Jin Dynasty, which has been inconclusive in academic circles. These two pagodas are Moshigou Pagoda in Xingcheng City and Anchangxian Pagoda in Huludao City. After comparison and investigation, the author thinks it should be built by Liao people. Ancient pagodas in western Liaoning can be basically divided into two systems. One is the stupa. Pagodas include pagodas, statue pagodas and monk's tomb pagodas. Among them, the number of monk's tomb towers is the largest. Pagodas, such as Jinzhou Guangji Temple Pagoda and Chaoyang North Pagoda; Statue towers, such as Miao Feng Temple Twin Towers and Tayingzi Tower; Tomb towers of eminent monks, such as Baitayu Pagoda, Siguan Yingzi Pagoda and Five Pagoda of Yiwulu Mountain. The second is Wenfeng Pagoda. Wenfeng Pagoda, modeled after pagodas, was built in14th century, when almost every county had one. Only a few pagodas and pagodas in Jinzhou remain in western Liaoning. Because the stupa had a far-reaching influence on the daily life and ideas of ancient people in western Liaoning, there were also feng shui pagodas built to protect feng shui in ancient western Liaoning, such as Shaguotun Stone Pagoda in Nanpiao District of Huludao City and Batashan Pagoda in Yixian County of Jinzhou City. To this end, there are many stories about the giant tower guarding the wind and water. For example, in the story of Jinzhou Ancient Pagoda, the tower site of Guangji Temple Tower turned out to be a deep well and turned into a sea eye. A dragon was locked in the well by the dragon king, who told him that he would not let you out until Cycas bloomed. Many years later, a new daughter-in-law went to fetch water from a well. Seeing that the well water was particularly clear, she looked in the mirror. When she bowed her head, the velvet flower stuck in her hair almost fell off. The new wife picked down the velvet flowers and put them on the iron railing by the well. Unexpectedly, the dragon in the well thought it was Cycas bloomed, so he broke free from the chains and made waves. Seeing that the flood was about to inundate Jinzhou City, an old scholar remembered what the old people had said about locking the dragon in the well, and quickly rowed to the wellhead and shouted, "The iron fence is not a tree, and the velvet flower is not a flower. If you don't go back, I will kill you today! " Shouting, the water slowly receded. Later, people heard that the big pagoda could hold sea eyes, so they wrote a book, The People of the Emperor. After the emperor allowed it to play, people built a 13-story pagoda on the sea eye, which could only accommodate dragons. The architectural forms of ancient pagodas in western Liaoning are pavilion-style, dense eaves-style, pavilion-style, bowl-covered and huata-style, among which dense eaves-style is the main one. Its structural shapes are square, hexagonal and octagonal, and the building materials used are stone, brick, masonry mixture and brick-wood mixture. Most of the towers in western Liaoning are brick towers and brick-wood mixed towers. Among the existing 100 Liao pagodas in China, square pagodas only account for 5%. There are only five square towers in western Liaoning. The Five Pagodas of Liao Dynasty in western Liaoning are concentrated in Chaoyang City and its suburbs, which may be related to Chaoyang being the important town of Liucheng in Tang Dynasty. People in Liucheng are good at building pagodas, so the pagodas in Chaoyang Ancient City have maintained a strong Tang Dynasty style. The development from the quadrangular pagoda to the octagonal pagoda is related to China's ancient theory of eight directions and the eight stupas in Buddhism. On each corner of the octagonal pagoda, some built columns and carved the number of eight spires on the columns, such as the Baita Jade Pagoda in Xingcheng; Some build small towers at the corner, such as Fuxin Tashan Tower. During the Liao Dynasty, people built eight small pagodas on eight hills, such as the Eight Pagodas of Bata Mountain in yi county. This is probably the derivative form of the octagonal tower! The octagonal tower in Liao Dynasty replaced the quadrangular tower, which constituted the basic style of "opening the window in all directions". Architecturally speaking, according to the principle of one quarter proportion, the octagon is easy to make the center of gravity of the whole tower tend to be calm, keep solemn and steady, and seek change in unity to increase the artistic effect and architectural beauty of the pagoda itself. From the diversity of artistic forms, architectural structures and building materials of ancient pagodas in western Liaoning, it can be seen that the progress of building materials and technology has prompted the structure and form of ancient pagodas to change constantly. The structure of high-rise masonry tower reached its peak in Liao Dynasty. Although there are five square pagodas in Liaoxi, they have generally changed from square following the Tang Dynasty to hexagonal and octagonal. This development has solved two major problems: First, the seismic performance has been improved. Under the same conditions, the degree of earthquake damage of polygonal masonry is much lower than that of square masonry. Second, the polygonal tower expands the view of climbing the tower. The building materials of ancient pagodas have also experienced a complex development process from low to high, from simple to one-way. Ancient pagodas in Liao Dynasty generally developed into solid and fireproof masonry structures, and made use of the flexibility and easy processing characteristics of wood to create tower-building materials mixed with brick and wood. Especially on the eaves rafters made of cypress or nanmu, there are copper tower bells hanging, and thousands of tower bells can be hung in the whole tower. Ding-dong melodious bell, with the wings of the wind, spread in all directions. People in western Liaoning vividly call the bell ringing in the wind and rain "iron horse" The grandeur of the ancient pagodas in western Liaoning fully proves that there were many skilled craftsmen in ancient Liaoning, and at the location of each pagoda, the story of Grandpa Lu Ban teaching people to bury the soil and repair the pagoda is circulated among the people. According to the story, when repairing the big tower, the craftsmen didn't know how to repair it, so they found an old man with a white beard who was always wandering around the construction site. The old man said, "The earth is half buried. What are you talking about?" Then he disappeared. The craftsmen suddenly realized that it was Grandpa Lu Ban who had an epiphany and taught us how to repair the tower by burying the soil. So he piled soil around the tower, piled one layer and built another. After the tower was repaired, the wall was repaired with the removed soil. This widely circulated story keeps a historical truth for us: Central Plains culture was highly respected in ancient western Liaoning; The ancient pagoda is the crystallization of multi-ethnic cultural integration!