(7 1-80 songs)
7 1. Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous
Chengda Fan
During the day, weeding in the fields and rubbing hemp thread at home at night, the men and women in the village took on all the housework.
Although the children don't plow and weave, they also learn a kind of melon in the shade of mulberry trees.
[Notes]
1. Miscellaneous interest: a poem written at will, with no fixed theme.
2. Farming: weeding.
3. Achievements of hemp: Twisting hemp into thread.
4. Responsible for each other: Everyone has a certain job.
5. Unsolved: I don't understand.
6. Provide: engage and participate.
[Brief analysis]
Pastoral Miscellanies of Four Seasons is a group of large-scale family poems written by the poet after he retired from his hometown. There are 60 poems in total, which describe the rural scenery and farmers' life in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and also reflect the exploitation and hardship of farmers. This is one of them, which describes a scene of rural summer life.
The first sentence "Going out to farm during the day, getting hemp at night" means: weeding in the field during the day and rubbing hemp thread at night. "Tillage" means weeding. In early summer, the seedlings need weeding. This is what men should do. "Ji Ma" refers to women who rub twine and weave cloth at night after finishing other work during the day. This sentence directly wrote the labor scene. The second sentence "the children in the village mind their own affairs" refers to men and women. The whole poem uses the tone of an old farmer, and "children" refers to young people. "Being in charge" means that both men and women are not allowed to be idle and mind their own business. In the third sentence, "children and grandchildren are not prepared for farming and weaving", and "children and grandchildren" refer to those children who can neither farm nor weave, but are not idle. They have been in contact with and love labor since childhood, so they "learn to grow melons under the shade of mulberry trees" and learn to grow melons under the lush mulberry trees. This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, but it is quite distinctive. The conclusion shows the naive interest of rural children.
With a fresh style, the poet described the tense labor atmosphere in the early summer in the countryside in a more delicate way, which made it interesting to read.
spring
Chu Hsi
Beautiful spring outing in Surabaya, the endless scenery is new.
Everyone can see the face of spring, the spring breeze blows flowers open, thousands of purple, and the scene of spring is everywhere.
[Notes]
1. Victory Day: A sunny day.
2. Looking for fragrance: spring outing, hiking.
3. Surabaya: The name of this river is in Shandong Province.
4. Leisure: normal and relaxed. The meaning of waiting for knowledge is easy to identify.
5. East wind: spring breeze.
[Brief analysis]
It is generally believed that this is a poem describing a spring outing. Judging from the scenery written in the poem, it is also very similar.
The first sentence is "winning the sun to find the fragrance of Surabaya", and "winning the sun" refers to sunny days, indicating the weather. "Surabaya" indicates the location. "Looking for fragrance" means looking for beautiful spring scenery and pointing out the theme. The following three sentences are what you saw when you wrote "Looking for Incense". The second sentence, "boundless scenery is new for a while", is about the initial impression gained by watching spring scenery. Use "boundless" to describe all the scenery in front of you. "A Moment of Novelty" not only describes the return of spring to the earth, the natural scenery is brand-new, but also describes the refreshing joy of the author during his outing.
The word "knowledge" in the third sentence inherits the word "search" in the first sentence. "You can easily know" means that the features and features of spring are easy to recognize. "East wind" refers to spring. The fourth sentence, "colorful is always spring", means that this colorful scene is made up of spring, and people know spring from this colorful scene. This specifically answers why we can "wait for the east wind". The "colorful" in this sentence also takes care of the "new situation" in the second sentence. The third sentence and the fourth sentence describe the new situation and the gains from finding incense in vivid language.
Literally, this poem seems to describe the impression of a spring outing, but the place to look for fragrance is the shore of Surabaya, which was occupied by Jin people in the Song Dynasty. Zhu has never been to the north, and of course it is impossible to swim to Surabaya in spring. In fact, the word "Surabaya" in the poem implies Confucius, because in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius taught his disciples with string songs between Zhu and Si. Therefore, the so-called "seeking incense" refers to the way of seeking saints. "Colorful" is a metaphor for the richness of Confucianism. The poet compares the sage's way to the spring breeze, which promotes the occurrence of opportunities and touches everything. This is actually a philosophical poem by the richest man, which combines reason with interest in the image.
73. The Bodhisattva is full of books to build a wall in Jiangxi.
Xin Qiji
How many pedestrians shed tears in the middle of Qingjiang River in Yugutai!
Looking at Chang 'an in the northwest, there are countless poor mountains.
Castle peak can't cover up, after all, it flows east.
In the evening, the river is gloomy and there are partridges in the mountains.
[Author] Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207), a native of Jinan, Shandong Province, was an outstanding patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
[Note] Bodhisattva Man: the name of the epigraph. Stomata: Southwest of wanan county, Jiangxi.
1. Yugutai: In the southwest of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. Qingjiang: This refers to the Ganjiang River.
2. Pedestrians: people harassed and expelled by nomadic people.
3. Chang 'an: the capital of Han and Tang Dynasties, in today's Xi city. This refers to Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). Looking up at the northwest, I wanted to see the old capital Bianjing, but I was blocked by Wanshan. Pity: What a pity.
4. worry: it makes me sad.
5. Partridge: The name of this bird, accompanied by its shrill cry, sounds like saying "impossible to go", which also means that it is impossible to restore the Central Plains.
[Modern Translation]
How many pedestrians shed tears in the flowing water of Ganjiang River in Yugutai? I look up at Chang 'an in the northwest, but unfortunately I only see countless green hills. How can Qingshan stop the river, and the vast river finally flows eastward. At dusk by the river, I was filled with sadness when I heard the sound of partridges coming from the deep mountains.
[explanation]
This word, from nostalgia to reality, expresses the author's depressed mood that the Central Plains has not been recovered and his frustration and anguish that the ideal of driving out the enemy and saving the country cannot be realized. "Castle Peak can't cover up, after all, it flows eastward", which is now used to illustrate that the development of history is independent of human will.
Appreciation of famous sentences-"Green hills can't cover up, after all, they flow eastward."
Xin Qiji's lifelong wish is to explore the Central Plains in the north and restore the reunification of Jiangnan in the Great Song Dynasty. He has the talent of a leader, but he can't show it. No matter when and where, no matter what he sees and hears, all kinds of things and images will inspire his ambition and indignation to serve the country. After three years of advice (1 129), Jin Bing invaded south and took Jiangxi directly. Queen Yulong abandoned the ship and landed in Zhangzhou. Forty-seven years later, after a stoma, Xin Qiji remembered the scene of the nomads from the past raging and the people suffering, and he could not help but feel sad. Moreover, the Central Plains has not yet been recovered. Looking up, the line of sight is blocked by Qingshan; But the mighty river breaks through many obstacles and rushes forward. This is not only a real scene, but also a metaphor for his indomitable will and enhanced his confidence in winning the final victory. However, at the thought of what happened after returning to the south, he was worried, and the crying of partridge "I can't go to my brother" worried him even more. The whole word is full of twists and turns and beautiful; He is good at using bi xing's technique, talking about mountains and rivers with pen and ink, and there is joy everywhere.
74. Title Lin 'an Building
Lin Sheng
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.
[Notes]
1. Lin 'an: the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
2. domicile: inn, hotel.
3. Bianzhou: Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province).
[Brief analysis]
This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an.
In AD 1 126, the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong. The territory of the Central Plains was completely occupied by the Jin people. Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Instead of accepting the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers did not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but begged for peace, surrendered to the outside world, and brutally persecuted Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure. This poem is written for this dark reality. It pours out the indignation pent up in the hearts of the broad masses of people, and also expresses the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the nation.
The first two sentences of the poem are "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Seize the characteristics of Lin 'an City: overlapping green hills, rows of terraces, endless lights and songs and dances, and write down a false picture of prosperity and peace in that year. The poet touched the scene and couldn't help but sigh: "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" When will these lewd songs and dances by Xizi Lake, which kill people's fighting spirit against gold, stop?
The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk. "Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and people. At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.
This poem is cleverly conceived and phrased: cynicism is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive. It is indeed a masterpiece in fable poetry.
This park is not worth visiting.
Ye Shaoweng
Perhaps my master was worried that my wooden shoes trampled his precious moss and tapped Chai Men lightly, but no one opened it for a long time.
But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall.
[Notes]
1. worthless: I didn't meet anyone.
2. fangs: the protruding parts at the lower ends of the clogs.
3. Small buckle: pat lightly.
4. Chai Fei: A simple door made of branches.
[Brief analysis]
This little poem describes what the poet saw and felt when he visited the garden in spring, which is very vivid and interesting.
The first two sentences, "Pity the dog's teeth, seal the moss, and Chai Fei won't open for a long time", show that the author didn't meet his relatives and friends, and the garden door was closed, so he couldn't enjoy the spring flowers in the garden. However, it is very humorous, saying that it is probably because the garden owner cherishes the moss in the garden and is afraid that my fangs will leave traces of trampling on it, so Chai Fei has been delayed. The host is not at home, deliberately saying that the host intends to refuse the guests. This is to pave the way for the following poem. The last two sentences are more novel because of the concept of "pity for teeth and moss": although the owner selfishly closed the garden door and seemed to want to leave spring scenery alone in the garden, "spring scenery can't be closed all over the garden, and an apricot will come out of the wall." The latter two poems are vivid and have strange ideas. Both "spring scenery" and "red apricot" are anthropomorphic, which contain feelings and logic in the scenery, which can arouse many associations of readers and be inspired by philosophy: "spring scenery" can't be caged, and "red apricot" will inevitably "come out of the wall" to announce the coming of spring. Similarly, all new and beautiful things can't be stopped or imprisoned, and it will surely break through any bondage and flourish.
76. Mo Mei
Wang Mian
The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is full of flowers and light ink marks.
Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
[Notes]
1. Momei: Plum blossom in ink painting.
2. Xiyan Lake: a pool for washing pens and inkstones after writing and drawing. Wang Xizhi has a legend that "the middle school books in the pool are all black". This is the allusion used here.
[Brief analysis]
This is a poem. Mo Mei is the plum blossom of ink painting. Poets praise Mo Mei and Dont Ask For Help, just to leave a fragrance of virtue to the world. In fact, he used Mei as a metaphor to express his life attitude and noble sentiment.
The first two sentences, "The first tree in Xiyan Lake, my home, is full of pale ink marks", which directly describes Mo Mei. In the painting, the plum trees by the pond are in full bloom, and the plum blossoms are stained with a faint ink color. "West Wild Goose Lake" is the allusion of Wang Xizhi's "middle school books in the pool, and the water in the pool is all black". The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, so he says "my home".
Three or four sentences praise Mo Mei's moral integrity. It is painted in light ink, and although its appearance is not exquisite, it has a beautiful, noble and dignified, secluded and detached inner temperament; It doesn't want to attract people, please people and get people's praise with bright colors. It just wants to send out a fragrance and let it stay between heaven and earth. These two sentences are the poet's self-portrayal. Wang Mian grew up in a poor family, herding cattle during the day and studying hard under the ever-burning lamps of Buddhist temples at night. Finally, he learned a lot. He is good at poetry and painting, and he is versatile. However, he tried every time and didn't want to curry favor with the powerful, so he decided to be rich and famous, and lived in seclusion in Jiulishan, East Zhejiang, drawing rice for a living. The phrase "don't be praised by lewdness, just stay dry for nothing" shows the poet's character of disdain, independence and self-appreciation.
This poem, titled Mo Mei, is intended to express one's ambition. The poet organically integrates painting style, poetic style and personality. Literally praising plum blossoms is actually appreciating the virtue of a person standing.
77. Lime songs
Yu Qian
It can only be extracted from the deep mountains after being struck by thousands of hammers. It regards the burning of the burning fire as a very common thing.
Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, leaving innocence in the world.
[Notes]
If you are free: it looks normal.
[Brief analysis]
This is a poem that holds things in the air to express one's ambition. The author uses lime as a metaphor to express his determination to be loyal to the country, not afraid of sacrifice and stick to noble sentiments.
As an object-chanting poem, it is of no value if it is only a mechanical record of things without the deep meaning of the author. The value of this poem lies in the metaphor that lime is everywhere, and reciting lime is to praise a person's open mind and lofty personality.
The first sentence, "It's not easy to dig limestone". The second sentence is "If the fire burns, it will be idle." "Burning", of course, refers to burning limestone. Adding the word "if you are idle" makes people feel that you are not only burning limestone, but also seems to symbolize that people with lofty ideals will take their time and regard it as idle no matter how severe the test is. The third sentence is "I am not afraid of death." "Broken to Pieces" vividly describes that limestone is burned into lime powder. The word "not afraid at all" reminds us that there may be a spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice. As for the last sentence "keep the world innocent", it is the author's sincere feelings and determination to be a pure and innocent person.
Yu Qian was deeply loved by the people for being an official and upright, rehabilitating unjust imprisonment and relieving famine. In Ming Yingzong, Walla invaded and Yingzong was captured. Yu Qian proposed the establishment of Jingdi, personally led the troops to stick to Beijing, repelled Vala, and rescued the people from the brutal rule of Mongolian nobles again. However, after the British Restoration, the national hero was falsely killed for "treason". This poem of lime can be said to be a true portrayal of Yu Qian's life and personality.
78. Shout the trumpet to the emperor
Pan Wang
Horn, suona, ditty, big cavity.
The communication between officials and ships is very chaotic, and the price increase depends on you.
The army worries about the army, and the people are afraid of the army.
Where can I tell the truth from the truth? I saw it blow the house down,
Blow the family and blow the water away!
[Notes]
1. Chaodi: the name of Qupai.
2. Suona: A musical instrument similar to a trumpet. Here, trumpet and suona both refer to eunuchs.
3. The water is gone: describe looking for people's property.
[Modern Translation]
Trumpet and suona,
Although the song is small, it has a big accent.
The official ship was in chaos,
The price increase depends entirely on you.
The soldiers listened to their concerns,
People are scared when they hear it.
Where can I tell the truth from the false?
Watching this family be forgotten,
Blow up that family again,
Blow the water dry again and the geese will fly away!
[Introduction to the author]
Wang Pan (about 1470- 1530) was a poet and painter in the Ming Dynasty. The word hung-chien was born in Gaoyou (now Gaoyou, Jiangsu). Proficient in temperament, famous for writing Sanqu.
[explanation]
During the period of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty, eunuchs were in power and oppressed the people, and sailboats often blew trumpets to strengthen their momentum. This Sanqu was written to satirize eunuchs. On the surface, this poem is written about horns and suona, but in fact it is written about eunuchs everywhere. "Xiao Qu" is a metaphor for the eunuch's low status, while "powerful" is a metaphor for the eunuch's bullying. "Military worry" and "people fear" mean that wherever you go, it will bring disaster. "All water flies" describe their oppression and destruction of the people. Although there is no positive mention of a eunuch in the whole song, it vividly depicts their ugliness and is full of contempt and indignation for eunuchs in a relaxed humor.
79. Bamboo stone
Zheng Xie
Bamboo is not relaxed at all, its roots are firmly embedded in the cracks in the rocks.
After thousands of tortures and blows, it is still strong, whether it is the southeast wind or the northwest wind in winter, it can bear it and will still be tough and straight.
[Notes]
1. Bamboo stone is an inscribed poem.
2. Assertion: metaphor is rooted firmly, just like biting.
3. grinding: torture. Perseverance: firm and strong.
4. Joel: That. It means: the wind in the southeast and northwest blows fiercely, but it can't be blown down.
[Introduction to the author]
Zheng Xie (Yin Xie) (1693- 1765), born in Xinghua (now Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province), was a famous painter and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty.
[explanation]
This is a poem with profound implications. The first two sentences say that bamboo is rooted in broken rocks and has a solid foundation. The second sentence says that no matter how the wind blows from all directions, the bamboo stone is still strong. While praising Zhu Shi's firm and tenacious spirit, the author also implies the strength of his own character. "Endure all kinds of hardships, stay strong, and let the east, west, north and south prevail" is often used to describe revolutionaries' firm stance in struggle and unshakable character when the enemy attacks.
80. Poetry of the Sea
gong zizhen
Only the great explosive power of lightning can make the land of China exude vitality, but the social and political situation is not angry, but a kind of sadness.
I advise God to cheer up and not stick to certain norms to belittle more people.
[Notes]
1. This is the 220th poem in Qian Hai Zashi. Kyushu: China.
2. Angry: a lively situation.
3. rely on (sh): rely on.
4. hey (y and n): dumb. Wanma Qi Qi: Metaphorically speaking, the social and political situation is lifeless. After all, after all
5. Providence: The Creator. Heavy: Come again. Cheer up: Cheer up.
6. Health: Birth.
[explanation]
The sentence "It's a pity that thousands of troops are struggling" profoundly shows Gong Zizhen's dissatisfaction with the lifeless social situation in the late Qing Dynasty, so he enthusiastically calls for social change, thinking that the bigger the change, the better, and it will be as big as the earth-shattering spring thunder. He also believes that the most important factor in implementing social change is talent, so he enthusiastically appeals: Heaven forbid! Please cheer up and give us all kinds of talents. (