Pictures and information of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum
Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum is located 5 kilometers east of Linchang County, about 37 kilometers away from Xi’an City, leaning against Lishan Mountain in the south and Weishui River in the north. Why choose a seat here? Some people believe that this is inseparable from the ancients’ superstition about geomantic treasures. In recent years, geologists have seen based on satellite pictures that the route from Jiaoshan to Huashan looks like a dragon, and the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is located exactly at the eye of the dragon's head. As we all know, there has been the saying of "putting the finishing touch" since ancient times. It was not clear for a while whether the ancients had the ability to "forsight" or whether today's people are too attached to others. The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is approximately square, with a flat top and a slightly stepped waist. It is 76 meters high, 345 meters long from east to west, and 350 meters wide from north to south. It covers an area of ??120,750 square meters. According to preliminary inspection, the cemetery is divided into two parts: the inner city and the outer city. The inner city is square in shape with a circumference of about 3,000 meters. There are two gates on the north wall and one gate on each of the east, west and south walls. The outer city is rectangular in shape, with a circumference of more than 6,200 meters, and a gate at each corner. There are horse burial pits, pits for rare birds and animals, and pottery barrel pits between the inner and outer cities; outside the mausoleum, there are more than 400 stable pits, human sacrifice pits, prison pits, and tombs for people who repaired the mausoleum, covering a wide area of ??56.25 square kilometers. . The center of the mausoleum is where the coffin of Qin Shi Huang is placed.
Since 1974, three toilet pits for burials of soldiers have been discovered 1.5 kilometers east of the cemetery. The finished products are arranged in a zigzag shape, covering an area of ??more than 20,000 square meters. 8,000 pottery barrels and chariots have been unearthed. Hundreds of vehicles and tens of thousands of physical weapons and other cultural relics. Among them, Pit No. 1 contains about 6,000 pottery horses and pottery horses that are as big as real horses; Pit No. 2 contains more than 1,300 pottery buckets and horses, and 89 chariots; Pit No. 3 contains 68 warrior barrels and war chariots. 1 cart and 4 pottery horses. In 1980, a large bronze chariot and two horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. This group of painted bronze chariots and horses, high chariots and an chariots, is the largest, most gorgeously decorated, most realistic and most complete ancient bronze chariots and horses found in China so far, and is known as the "Crown of Bronze". In addition to the burial pits, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang also found the remains of a stone processing plant. The architectural relics include door anvils, column bases, tiles, ridges, tiles, stone waterways, pottery waterways, etc.
The scale of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum is obvious, but is there a design blueprint for Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum? According to the historical records, "He sent Shui Xiangsi to convict 720,000 people from all over the world to build a mausoleum, and carved out regulations." The construction of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum was by no means arbitrary. It must have been built in a planned manner according to the design drawings. Throughout the It is not difficult to imagine the connection between the construction history of imperial tombs in the past dynasties. The specific design blueprint is still under further study.
Travel Notes on Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Hello everyone, today I will take you to visit our country’s world heritage - Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors and Horses.
In December 1987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were included in the World Heritage List. In order to build this mausoleum, Qin Shihuang recruited 700,000 craftsmen, which took about 38 years to build.
The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Bingma Pit were discovered in 1974. At that time, villagers accidentally discovered Pit No. 1 while digging a well. In 1976, through drilling, Pit No. 2 and Pit No. 3 were discovered.
In 1980, the Qinling bronze carriage was discovered. The main body of the bronze carriage was made of bronze, and some parts were gold and silver ornaments. The bronze carriage and horse were composed of three parts; to this day, the doors and windows on the bronze carriage It can be opened and closed freely, which shows that the craftsmen at that time were really "strong"! Then let me introduce Pit No. 1. Please pay attention. Pit No. 1 is a rectangular pit running east-west, 230 meters long and 62 meters wide, with corridors at the east and west ends. This pit is dominated by chariots and infantry, with a torch-shaped joint formation of chariots and infantry.
Some of the terracotta warriors and horses are wearing battle robes and some are wearing armor. There are chariots in the middle, and there are two chariots behind each chariot. Pit No. 2 covers an area of ??about 6,000 square meters. It is a square military formation composed of chariots, infantry and cavalry. There are archers in the middle and chariots around it. The formations are different and the soldiers are also different.
Okay, let’s introduce it here first. If you have a chance, let’s introduce Pit No. 3 again! However, no matter where you go, please don't destroy the monuments. The monuments are unique. If you destroy them, you won't be able to see them again in the future.
Finally, I wish you all a happy journey.
Composition on the Horse Warriors from Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum
Pit No. 1 is an east-west rectangular pit, 230 meters long and 62 meters wide, with five doorways on each side. There are two doorways at the east and west ends of the pit. The long corridor has one corridor on each side on the north and south sides. There are nine east-west holes in the middle. The holes are separated by rammed earth walls. This pit is mainly composed of chariots and infantry, and the chariots and infantry form a rectangular joint formation. The main body of the military formation faces east. , there is a row of warriors facing outward in the south, north and west corridors, serving as wing guards and rearguards; three rows of warriors in the east are vanguards. A huge main military formation of chariots and infantry is arranged in the nine passages. There are four rows of warriors in the cave, some wearing battle robes, some wearing armor, with chariots in the middle. Behind each chariot is a driver and two charioteers. The area of ??Pit No. 2 is about 6,000 square meters. It is composed of chariots. Soldiers, infantry and cavalry formed a curved military formation. The military formation was divided into four parts: the east end of the curved shape: there were 172 standing archer warriors in the four surrounding corridors, and 160 kneeling archer warriors, who were crossbowmen, in the four central passages. In the southern half of the formation, there are eight lines of chariots lined up inside the cave. Each column has eight chariots. There are 2 to 4 chariots behind each chariot. There are no infantry. It is a chariot square formation. The middle part of the curved shape: three lines. There are three rows of chariots in the passage, each with six riders, and infantry and cavalry are arranged behind the vehicles. It is a mixed military formation of chariots, infantry and cavalry. In the north part of the curved ruler shape: There are three passages in each passage. There are two chariots inside, followed by eight teams of cavalry, each with four columns, forming a cavalry formation. The four parts of Pit No. 2 are relatively independent, but also closely related to each other, integrating all services and arms in one formation. No. 2 The pit is expected to unearth more than 1,300 warrior figurines of various types, 89 chariots, 356 chariots and horses, and more than 100 pommel horses. Pit No. 3 covers an area of ??520 square meters and is in the shape of a "convex" character. One chariot and horse figurines were unearthed. Four pieces, 68 pieces of warrior figurines. The pottery figurines in the pit are arranged in a tunnel, which is the command center of the Qin army formation. The bronze chariots and horses of the Qin Mausoleum The bronze chariots and horses of the Qin Mausoleum were unearthed 20M west of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. In 1980, local trial excavation of copper During the chariot and horse pit, two large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed in a wooden coffin, one behind the other. They were dilapidated when they were unearthed, but were restored to their original state after repairs. The main body of the bronze chariots and horses was made of bronze, and some parts were made of gold. Silver jewelry. Each component is cast separately, and then assembled into one body using a variety of mechanical connection processes such as inlay casting, welding, bonding, riveting, snap-on buckles, button fastening, pin connection, etc. The whole body is painted and horse-drawn. It is white, and the pigments used in painting are all mineral pigments mixed with glue. The concentration of glue is used to shape three-dimensional lines. The size of the car, horse and figurine is about one-half of the size of a real car, a real horse, and a real person. It is completely It is carefully crafted to imitate the real thing and truly reproduces the driving style of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The metal processing technology of the Qin Dynasty has made brilliant achievements, which is reflected in the manufacturing of Qinling bronze chariots and horses. There are three main features of Qinling bronze chariots and horses. With more than a thousand parts, Qin Dynasty craftsmen skillfully used various technologies such as casting, welding, inlay, pin connection, living hinge connection, snap-on buckle connection, and rotating shaft connection to combine it into a whole, achieving a very high level of quality. Horizontal. Especially the canopies of No. 1 and No. 2 cars are only 0.1 to 0.4 centimeters thick and have an area of ??1.12 and 2.3 square meters respectively. The entire canopy is cast in one go using the mud casting method. Even today, it is difficult to cast such a large and complex canopy. It is also not easy to make thin, uniform and dome-shaped copper parts. To this day, the various chains on the bronze chariots and horses still rotate flexibly, the doors and windows can be opened and closed freely, and the shafts and scales are affected, and they can still be used to carry people. Qinling Bronze Chariots and Horses Known as the "Crown of Bronze" in ancient China.