Ma's Manor in Xijiang Village is a national AAAA tourist attraction and a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Ma's Manor is located in Xijiang Village, Jiangcun Township, 21 kilometers west of Anyang. It is the former residence of Ma Piyao, the top governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in the late Qing Dynasty. It is surrounded by Shou'an Mountain in the north, Zhuquan River in the south, towering Taihang in the west, and North China Plain in the east. It is reflected in the mountains and rivers, making it particularly scenic.
The manor was built from Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, lasting nearly 50 years. The main buildings are basically intact. The building complex is mainly composed of north, middle and south areas, and is divided into six roads. Among them, there are two courtyards on the North District Road 1; there are four courtyards on the Central District Road 4, of which the West 3rd Road is a residential area. Four courtyards are built in front and behind each road, with nine gates on each central axis, commonly known as "Nine Gates Taking Photos". ". East 1st Road is the Ma Family Temple, with two courtyards at the front and back; South District 1st Road also has a nine-door pattern on the central axis, and is also composed of four courtyards at the front and rear. A row of auxiliary rooms for sanitation will be built on the east, west and south sides of the central building. The architectural forms of the three areas mainly include halls, halls, buildings, corridors, rooms, doors, etc., with a total of 308 rooms. The existing building covers an area of ??more than 20,000 square meters and the construction area is more than 5,000 square meters. The surrounding ancillary buildings include Ma's Yizhuang, Zhenzhuang, Wenchang Pavilion, stables, warehouses, firewood warehouse, Ma's ancestral hall and three gardens in the north, middle and south, etc., with a total area of ??more than 70,000 square meters and a total construction area of ??70,000 square meters. Reaching more than 100,000 square meters. The entire manor has a reasonable design, rigorous layout, clear priorities, symmetry, low in front and high in back, well-proportioned, and magnificent. It is known as "the only large-scale feudal bureaucratic mansion in Zhongzhou".
The owner of the manor, Ma Piyao (1831-1895), was a native of Xijiang Village, Anyang County. He was a Jinshi in the first year of Tongzhi (1862) and served successively as the magistrate of Pinglu County, Yongji County, Jiezhou and Taiyuan, Shanxi. Chief envoy, chief envoy, chief envoy of Guizhou, chief envoy of Guangxi, governor of Guangxi and Guangdong and minister of the Ministry of War, and right deputy censor of the capital procuratorate. He served as an official for more than 30 years. He was diligent and pragmatic, dedicated to his duties, loyal to the people, and had outstanding political achievements. He was deeply loved by the people and trusted by the court. The people called him "Ma Qingtian", and Emperor Guangxu praised him for "devoting his whole life" and "a role model for all officials." After Ma Piyao's death, he was granted the titles of "Doctor Guanglu" and "Mighty General". Ma Piyao had four men and three women, and they were all farsighted and occupied a place in the modern history of China. The eldest son Ma Jisen (1857-1912), awaiting imperial edict from the Hanlin Academy, opened Anyang Liuhegou and other coal mines, founded the Anyang Guangyi Cotton Mill (the predecessor of today's Anyang Yubei Cotton Textile Factory), established the Anyang Mining Corporation, and served as the Anyang Chamber of Commerce President. He pioneered the local national industry in Henan and was a famous industrialist; his second son Ma Jizhang (1859-1931), a Jinshi, served successively as editor of the Hanlin Academy, co-editor of the National History Museum, headmaster of Huidian Hall, and Hubei's officials such as envoys and envoys were highly valued by the imperial court. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as Yuan Shikai's internal history and secretary of the Beiyang Government; his third daughter, Ma Qingxia (1877-1923), also known as - Xia, was a philanthropist and loved education. Emperor Guangxu conferred the title of "Mrs. Yipingaoming", and the Chinese Tongmenghui member. After the Revolution of 1911, she actively followed Dr. Sun Yat-sen and joined the revolution. She was a famous bourgeois democratic revolutionary, educator, social activist, and female patriot of the Revolution of 1911 in my country. She was known as "Qiu Jin of the South and Qingxia of the North". Mr. Sun Yat-sen once praised her as a "heroine" and inscribed her with the four characters "The world is for the common good". Mr. Lu Xun also praised her as "both talented and beautiful".
The manor was publicly owned in the early years of the Anti-Japanese War and has been occupied by units such as Anyang County Normal School, Anyang County No. 1 Middle School, Jiangcun Primary School and Jiangcun Grain Station. On September 25, 2000, the Henan Provincial People's Government announced it as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. In recent years, the government has allocated huge sums of money several times for comprehensive repairs, which have basically restored it to its original appearance. Especially on April 30 this year, the "First Ma's Manor Cultural Tourism Festival" event was successfully held here, making it a well-known tourist attraction.
The North District is located in the north of Zhongjie Road, facing south, with two courtyards in the front and back, and a courtyard in the east and west of the backyard, which is called "Yayuan Bianzhai". Most of them are hard-top-style buildings, which were originally the old residences of Ma Piyao's ancestors.
When the four brothers of the Ma family split up, they gave it to their second son, Ma Jizhang. In the early years of the Republic of China, when Ma Jizhang was appointed Yuan Shikai, renovation and reconstruction were carried out during the internal history period.
The Central District is the largest among the three districts, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the entire estate. It is located in the north of South Street and faces south. There are 158 buildings of various types. It is composed of Jiamiao Road 1 and Residential Road 3. The Jiamiao Road is in the east and the residential area is in the west. The buildings on the four roads form their own systems, with buildings on the left and right. echo each other.
There are three arched doors on the lower floor of the main entrance of the family temple, and five reading buildings above. When you first enter the courtyard, there are five rooms in the east and west wings, called "East School" and "West School". There are five halls in the main room, hanging from the top of the mountain, with corridors in the front and back, and a high platform, which is called "Yan Yi Hall"; there are three side rooms in the backyard, with a "place for relics" in the east and a "place for storing sacrificial vessels" in the west. The main hall has five rooms, tall and magnificent, and is called "Yuxiu Hall", which means Xiangtang. A platform was built in front. Its specifications and layout were built in strict accordance with the regulations of the "Qing Huidian" formulated during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. It was built from the sixth year of Guangxu (1880) to the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885).
The architectural forms and layouts of the three residential roads are similar. The main entrance opens to the south and is composed of four courtyards. The front courtyard and the back hall are symmetrical, rising step by step from south to north. The middle gate is tall and majestic, while the east and west main gates are both cave gates, and there is a screen gate built inside the west gate. Only the middle road has two doors with built-in screen doors. The backyard is different: the main house on the west road has five bungalows, while the main house on the middle road and the east road have five buildings each, and the east wing of the east road has three buildings. In terms of building specifications, the middle road is taller, the east road is second, and the west road is second. In terms of construction time, the West Road was built earlier, in the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), the Middle Road was built in the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887), and the East Road was built in the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889). The Ma brothers divided their families, with the east road owned by the eldest son Ma Jisen and the west road owned by the fourth son Ma Jishu.
The South District and the Central District are across the street. It was originally designed to have three roads. The East Road was built in the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), while the Central and West Roads only had their gates and street-facing buildings built. , but due to changes in the current situation, it has not yet been completed.
South District East Road faces north, with nine gates in front and four courtyards in front and behind. Among them, the first and third entrances are smaller, with two and three gates respectively. There are two gallery rooms on each side of the door, and three east and west wing rooms. The second and fourth entrances are larger, with both main rooms. There are seven rooms, and the east and west wings have five rooms each.
The scale and specifications of the buildings in the South District are significantly higher than those in the Central and North Districts. This is not only reflected in the increase in building volume and gates, but also in the exquisite stone, brick and wood carvings. Extensive use of building elements. The reason is that the Southern District was built during the Republic of China and is no longer subject to various regulations and restrictions of feudal society. When the four brothers of the Ma family split up, they gave it to the third, Ma Jimei.
The manor buildings are all brick and wood structures with gray tile roofs. Most of the roofs are hard-top roofs, and there are also suspended hills and flat roofs. Its architectural features include those of traditional courtyard houses in Beijing, local folk architecture in the Central Plains, and Shanxi sculpture art. Another notable feature is that most of the main houses and auxiliary houses have front porches, and some have front and back porches, forming a corridor surrounding the house and connecting the courtyard, making it easier to walk especially on rainy and snowy days.
The North District is located in the north of Zhongjie Road, facing south, with two courtyards in the front and back, and a courtyard in the east and west of the backyard, which is called "Yayuan Bianzhai". Most of them are hard-top-style buildings, which were originally the old residences of Ma Piyao's ancestors. When the four brothers of the Ma family split up, they gave the property to their second son, Ma Jizhang. In the early years of the Republic of China, when Ma Jizhang was appointed Yuan Shikai, renovation and reconstruction were carried out during the internal history period.
The Central District is the largest among the three districts, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the entire estate. It is located in the north of South Street and faces south. There are 158 buildings of various types. It is composed of Jiamiao Road 1 and Residential Road 3. The Jiamiao Road is in the east and the residential area is in the west. The buildings on the four roads form their own systems, with buildings on the left and right. echo each other.
The South District and the Central District are across the street. It was originally designed to have three roads. The East Road was built in the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), while the Central and West Roads only had their gates and street-facing buildings built. , but due to changes in the current situation, it has not yet been completed.
South District East Road faces north, with nine gates in front and four courtyards in front and behind.
Among them, the first and third entrances are smaller, with two and three gates respectively. There are two gallery rooms on each side of the door, and three east and west wing rooms. The second and fourth entrances are larger, with both main rooms. There are seven rooms, and the east and west wings have five rooms each.
The scale and specifications of the buildings in the South District are significantly higher than those in the Central and North Districts. This is not only reflected in the increase in building volume and gates, but also in the exquisite stone, brick and wood carvings. Extensive use of building elements. The reason is that the Southern District was built during the Republic of China and is no longer subject to various regulations and restrictions of feudal society. When the four brothers of the Ma family split up, they gave it to the third, Ma Jimei.
The manor buildings are all brick and wood structures with gray tile roofs. Most of the roofs are hard-top roofs, and there are also suspended hills and flat roofs. Its architectural features include those of traditional courtyard houses in Beijing, local folk architecture in the Central Plains, and Shanxi sculpture art. Another notable feature is that most of the main houses and auxiliary houses have front porches, and some have front and back porches, forming a corridor surrounding the house and connecting the courtyard, making it easier to walk especially on rainy and snowy days.
Address: Xijiang Village, Jiangcun Town, Anyang County, Anyang City
Type: Former Residences and Historic Sites of Celebrities
Rating: AAAA
Playing Time: Recommended 2-4 hours
Tel: 0372-3233666; 0372-5825777
Official website: /skin/lvyou/svptkxekw4w Ma Piyao details