Chaotianmen, the big pier, welcomes officials and receives saints (opens).
Cuiwei door, hanging satin, colorful (closed).
Thousands of steamed stuffed buns, white as silver (open)
Hongya Gate, wide boat sailing, killing chickens and worshiping God (Guan).
Linjiangmen, Dung Wharf, Tian Fei has a foundation (open).
Tai 'anmen, it's too close, and it's good for the people.
Go away, gongs and drums ring, and watch the dead buried (opened).
Jintang Gate, wooden coffin, neat size (closed).
Nanjimen, cabbage basket, poured out and poured in (opened).
Phoenix Gate, Sichuan Road Turn, herds of cattle and sheep (closed)
Chuqimen, medicine gang, cure all diseases.
Golden Gate, directly opposite Zhentai Yamen (open).
Taipingmen, Old Drum Tower, the time is accurate (open).
Renhe Gate, the gun rang, and the general manager went to patrol (pass).
Dingyuan Gate, Jiaochang Dam, Knife Rod (Guan).
Fuxingmen, galloping as fast as a cloud (closing the door).
In Dongshuimen, there is an ancient well facing Zhenwu Mountain, carp yue longmen (open).
Among the nine gates in ancient Chongqing, there are five smaller "five gates" besides Chaotianmen (east), Tongyuanmen (west), Dongshuimen (south) and Linjiangmen (north), and the orientation and scale are very important.
Siqianmen-Siqianmen and Linjiangmen are two of the seventeen doors facing Jialing River. It is the distribution center of agricultural products and commodities in Jialing River. Because it is located between Chaotianmen and Linjiangmen, close to the bustling downtown, with dense population and numerous docks. Ancient folk song: "There are thousands of people on one side, buns on the other, and snow is silver."
All the grain and cotton in the Jialing River valley are unloaded at this gate, so the "flower steamed buns" packed with cotton are as white as clouds. It is also the origin of the name Qian Si Ben. The name of Siqianmen is taken from The Book of Songs. Xiaoya: "This is a celebration for farmers to seek for Qiancang, Wancang, Xiaomi and rice. With blessings, life is endless. " Gai is named after the city gate, where there are thousands of warehouses to store grain and cotton, which means praying for good weather and good harvest in Man Cang. Because the city gate is close to the bustling area of the city gate, the city gate is densely populated and the business is prosperous, including the main street and Shuncheng Street. There are many wharves along the river outside the city, and there are still names such as main wharf, coal wharf, Wang Jia wharf and Hejia wharf. Siqianmen is located in the north and east of the city, with an urn. The city gate has been destroyed in the area of No.6 Qiansimen Street. Into the city, Xinjiekou is connected to the urban area.
Taipingmen-southeast of the city, southwest of Wengcheng, with four characters written on the gate: "Shouwei Shudong".
Because of its geographical location in the center of the lower half of the ancient city, the city is the seat of Chongqing House and Baxian House, and has become the political center of the whole city. The traffic is busy and the market is prosperous. After the opening of Chongqing, foreign businessmen and foreign firms concentrated in white elephant street, the city gate, and became a financial center. Outside the city, the Yangtze River is a timber and bamboo market that flows downstream from the upper reaches. Here is the story of "White Elephant of Green Lion", which refers to the white elephant of white marble sculpture in white elephant street, the city gate, facing a pair of bluestone lions in front of Ciyun Temple, an ancient temple on the south bank.
Chuqimen-is an important one of the six gates that open along the river in the lower part of the city. Wengcheng is located in the south of the city, facing the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Chuchi means prosperity. In the past, most of the cargo loaded and unloaded at the wharf outside the city gate was mountain products, and a large number of medicinal materials exported from Sichuan, medicinal materials and shops and stacking in mountain products were concentrated in the city gate. In ancient times, there was a folk song "Chuqimen, a medicinal material, can cure all diseases". So far, Chuqimen area is still the place where Chongqing's medicinal materials industry is concentrated.
At that time, due to the geographical location, Chuqimen was the main road connecting the upper half of the city and the lower half. It crosses the river from the city gate to Haitang Creek and leads to Guizhou. During the Anti-Japanese War, the famous "Chuqimen Cable Car Path" was built in the former site of the original city gate.
Golden Gate-near Chuqi Gate, located in the south of the city, with the gate facing the river and no urn. Of the seventeen old city gates in ancient Chongqing, only the Golden Gate and the Chuqi Gate were opened, but none was closed. Named after the ancient temple Golden Temple. This gate was specially built because the Chongqing government office is concentrated here. Opposite the gate of Golden Gate is the yamen of Chongqing Town Department, surrounded by sedan chairs, restaurants, teahouses and restaurants. Ancient folk song: "Golden Gate, facing Zhentai Yamen." Zhentai yamen is a powerful yamen in Chongqing.
Nanji Gate, another important gate along the Yangtze River in the lower part of the city, is still a well-known place name. Nanji Gate is located in the southwest corner of the city, with the urn facing west. On the gate, there are four characters of "Nanping Embraces Green". It can be seen from the four big characters written on the gate that Nanjimen is facing the pleasant scenery of "green mountains and green waters" on the south bank, which is the traffic artery for the citizens of this city to go out for sightseeing and ferry across the river. Therefore, Nanjimen has always been one of the important gates in the lower half of the city. In the past, everyone who came to Chongqing from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River had to pass through this gate first. The riverbank outside this gate was flat and open, and it became a dock where Chongqing's timber industry was concentrated, and timber was piled up in Huangshaxi.
This gate is also a famous place where the slaughter industry in ancient Chongqing was concentrated. Dense population and prosperous business. The origin of the name of Antarctic gate. Nanji, from The Book of Songs Xiaoya April;
"Jianghan, the discipline of the South." Ji Zhe is also separated from the land and meets the river. It is said that this gate is an important land and water transportation interchange. Land passes through Huangshaxi, goes up the Phoenix Ladder to Egongyan and Shiqiaopu, and connects with Dong Xiaoer in Upper Chengdu. Nowadays, Nanjimen has become the starting point of the north bridge head of the Yangtze River Bridge, which is directly connected with the south bank and more prosperous.
Ancient cities in China usually had four gates in four directions: southeast, northwest and northwest, but why did Chongqing have seventeen gates, eight of which were closed?
In ancient times, city walls were mainly used for military defense, while city gates were built for people to enter and leave. Chongqing is surrounded by water on three sides and mountains on one side. The terrain is complex and rugged, and it is impossible to build a square wall like other cities. It can only be adapted to local conditions according to geographical conditions and traffic demand. Therefore, the city wall is not a straight line, but a curve along the mountain. Therefore, the city gate can only be opened according to the mountain, depending on the needs, so it far exceeds the four gates in the southeast, northwest and northwest.
Chongqing has a long history. According to research, since the construction of Hongya Gate in Song Dynasty, all previous dynasties have built city walls and gates according to the needs of military and traffic at that time, but they are not "systematic" and "standardized". Dai Ding, the governor of Chongqing during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, was the "great hero" of Chongqing's gate.
During the period of guarding Chongqing, Dai Ding strengthened and repaired the city walls and gates built by predecessors on a large scale, and built important gates such as Linjiang Gate, thus completing the "serialization" construction of Chongqing gates. At that time, people were superstitious and advocated Feng Shui. According to legend, when Dai Ding was building a city and opening its gates, he invited a clever "Mr. Feng Shui" to look at the terrain, measure Feng Shui, determine the orientation of the gates according to the five elements of "Jin Mu Fire, Water and Earth" and determine the number of gates according to the image of "Nine Palaces and Eight Diagrams".
According to the ancient city of Chongqing, when Dai Ding opened the city, he "consciously arranged nine openings and eight closures" and "was determined by the image of nine palaces and eight gossip, which coincided with nine palaces and eight gossip".
Most of the houses in ancient Chongqing were diaojiao buildings with bamboo and wood structures built on the mountain. Chongqing has a hot climate and dense houses, which are prone to fire. Fire has always been a hidden danger in Chongqing.
Eight gates, such as Phoenix Gate and Hongya Gate, are smaller "dry" gates away from the river (consciously smaller than "water" gates such as Chaotianmen Gate and Linjiangmen near the river). "Drought" means "fire". In the five elements, "water" is fire, so people will open nine "water" doors, such as Chaotianmen, Siqianmen, Linjiangmen, Tongyuanmen, Antarctic Gate, Golden Gate, Chuqimen, Taiping Gate and Dongshuimen. Eight dry gates, such as Cuiwei Gate, Tai 'anmen Gate, Renhe Gate, Fenghuang Gate, Jintang Gate, Dingyuan Gate, Hongya Gate and Xishuimen, are closed. Except for Jinzimen Gate and Chuqi Gate, there is a dry gate between every two water gates. For example, there is a Cui Weimen between Chaotianmen and Dongshuimen, and a Taian Gate between Dongshuimen and the security door. Such "open" and "closed" places are connected into a ring, and "water" is used to "fire" to prevent the occurrence of fire. This is "pseudoscience" of course, but it reflects the social situation and people's good intentions at that time.
It has been more than 600 years since Dai Dingjian City opened its port. With the vicissitudes of time and historical changes, with the needs of social progress and traffic development, the 17 city gates have been demolished or destroyed, and they are long gone. Now even the old Chongqing, which is over the age of ancient times, can't tell the exact location and appearance of the seventeen gates, leaving only the place names such as Chaotianmen and Chuqimen and the topic of the dragon gate array after dinner.
The above is the explanation of Chongqing city gate. From Chaotianmen to Nanping to Beiqiaotou, it passes through Chaotianmen, Cuiweimen, Dongshuimen, Tiananmen, Taipingmen, Renhe Gate, Chuqimen, Jinzimen, Fenghuang Gate and Antarctic Gate in turn.