Up to now, primitive religion, animism and multi-faith spiritual worship are still popular in Qiang areas. The strong worship of God can be divided into four categories and more than 30 kinds, including nature worship, ancestor worship and spiritual totem worship. Except for Huoshenhu Village (Huotang), which is an overseas representative, all the others are white symbols (Qiang language means "hold", meaning "white stone god"), which are widely worshipped by them and dedicated to the god of Tabi Shenmu County, whose roof is white at the highest point of the day. (China is called a citizen, and the so-called "promise" in Qiang language and "Shibi" is called "Abash")
Historically, there were no temples and religious organizations in the Qiang area, and religious people did not declare Xu, a labor shaman, as the only man who could get married and have children. There is not a book in the third section of the main altar recorded by Zong *** 16, which is read by heart. Classic verse, four characters in one, two characters in one, ups and downs of flat tone melody focus. Hericium erinaceus hat, sheepskin drum, gong, magic stick, knife master, token, animal bone seal, horn and other hexagrams are the main meanings of Xu. The magic of "Xu" includes prediction and speculation (thigh divides sheep, egg divides sheep, dog divides white dog, etc. ), exorcism (Mao Zedong sent someone), plow the red jar, open the red hill, and draw a bowl of water. Before washing the future, Xu's practice is to smoke chicken carcasses with clean cypress or kill white ancestors. In case of large-scale sacrificial activities, such as mountain worship ceremony, sacrificial ceremonies and other routes, garlic eaters need to fast and bathe 49 days ago to show their piety to God and respect for the city. Fan Qishan, a strong man in the village, opened a ceremony, dedicated himself, calmed down his heart, exorcised ghosts, and cured diseases. Unexpectedly, he was dirty, evoked spirits, eliminated disasters, and watched Feng Shui. Even building a house, co-educational weddings, naming newborns, and presiding over them were all in one promise. Therefore, it is necessary for Qiang people to occupy a high position, whether they are intermediaries between man and god or cultural communicators, but they are spiritual leaders.
The most solemn national festivals of the Qiang nationality are the "Mountain Festival" (also known as MT Festival) and the "Strong New Year Picture" (also known as Qiang calendar year) held in the spring and autumn. Good weather in autumn and spring, the prayer of thanking the god of harvest is actually a blessing for agricultural activities in spring and autumn, but it is always full of strong religious color, accounting for much more glory of mysterious culture. Jishan will be held as scheduled, once a year in the first month, April and May. The procedure of going to the Chicken Mountain from 1 or 2-3 times is very complicated, because the sacrifices and totems offered by different places in legend are different, which can be roughly divided into three types: "sheep catching the mountain with gods", "sacred cow festival" and "hanging dog and chicken mountain". The above is the empty dam ceremony held in Lin Sheng. In some places, Jishan Road is provided after three days, and firewood cutting, grass cutting, seedling digging and hunting are prohibited.
New Year pictures are celebrated in October of the lunar calendar every year, usually starting in 3-5 days, and in some villages it is one tenth of 10. According to the folk custom, in the Year of Qiang, we should offer sacrifices to God, Heaven, God and Wang, the owner of the website. All the people in the village eat reunion dinner, drink and dance in the salon until they are all happy. The whole ceremony was hosted by Xu, an open forum advocated by the Old People's Wine Village. During the festival, family and friends can congratulate and greet each other.
Fifteen-year-old Qiang men still hold the ceremony of custom history (book of rites). This friend invited friends who paid their mother in advance to sit around the fire, wearing new crowns, bowing to their ancestors who knelt down, accepting gifts from the gods-white and colorful wool rams (amulets), followed by tribal elders telling their ancestors' history, offering sacrifices and chanting prayers to the family gods provided by Promise (commonly known as "keeping peace").
Due to the limitation of natural conditions and environment, most Qiang people in Minjiang River Basin stay in the stage of farming culture. The place where they live is "home mountain, building stones for houses", and they have ample food and clothing and have recovered their self-sufficiency.
Houses with a strong sense of housing generally draw stones by hand, with two or three points, mainly flat-roofed houses. The back room tamps the rainwater with yellow mud, which is slightly inclined to facilitate drainage. Both rooms are equipped with fences and toilets. . The animal fence at the bottom of the third floor shell is connected by 30 single wooden ladders, and 50 rooms gather into a village. If it is strong, it is located in the mid-levels and high valleys, and the spectacular "harmony" of China is located in Wenchuan County. Western-style houses such as Tujia and farsightedness in Qiang village "
Denglong is another feature of Qiang architecture. "It rains in high and low hours" for several years. Qionglong is made of stone and is divided into rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal and Robusta varieties with clear vertical lines. It is a cultural phenomenon that Qiang people are usually built in Zhaikou and used as lighthouses in wartime.
Clothing, the history of clothing, after the production of Qiang people, is processed and woven with linen cotton yarn, commonly known as "linen shirt" or cattle hanging spring wool weaving, commonly known as "mu shirt", and there are also many blue tops. Medium-sized sleeveless sheepskin jacket with female apron, foot-binding explosion, or straw sandals "equal shoes" (Qiang embroidered cloth shoes). After liberation, Yuejia Han Qiang Zhuang.
The diet mainly produces corn, wheat, buckwheat, beans, potatoes and vegetables. Steamed bread, baked buns, steamed bread knives, noodles (noodles), coix seed (noodle soup), potato cakes and other foods. Characterized by steamed wine, blood steamed bread and other general smoked orchids. The Qiang area is rich in cash crops such as apples, peppers and walnuts, which are sold at home and abroad.
Monogamous marriage is forced to arrange programs such as "pro-plasma", "child marriage", "pro-exchange", "buying and selling pro-marriage" and "stealing pro-marriage". The other "Girls' Night", "N Wine", "Thank you" and "Back Door" are all spectacular. After men discriminate against women's childless families, they have the custom of giving rice and drinking full moon wine when they get married.
In addition, there are the customs of tomb, open burial and rock burial.
Qiang folk literature is very rich. The famous narrative poems "Zhu Mu Jidu Anju" and "Qiang Warfare" are not only national epics, but also precious cultural treasures. The Heavenly Flood and-Making, exquisite craftsmanship of the times, also reflect the unique aesthetic and artistic characteristics of Qiang folk stories. Qiang nationality is the crystallization of traditional folk culture with its beautiful dance posture and skills.
Strong cross stitch plays an important role in the history of China. Qiang people have gone through a long period from "chasing the water pass" to "building mountains with stones as their houses", creating a splendid culture, making great contributions to the development of the southwest frontier and safeguarding national unity, with a rich and colorful history. In the new era, the Qiang people have also endowed the Qiang culture with new connotations. Relying on the advantages of nature and resources, the Qiang people vigorously develop hydropower, tourism agriculture, fruit industry and animal husbandry, so that the Qiang area will have a better tomorrow. Qiang culture will be more dazzling.
A: I mainly live in Mao Wen, the A Qiang nationality in western Sichuan, and the rest are in Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui and Songpan. Call yourself "Ermayina", which means "local". Today, it is one of the preserved places of the ancient Qiang nationality.
Taboo of Qiang nationality: insert a single chain flail or back pocket during childbirth to avoid the patient's red paper hanging at the door when outsiders enter the house and avoid outsiders' visits; Don't cross the fireplace or tripod feet, and the tripod on clothes and shoes can't be baked; Avoid sitting on windowsills and steps; Don't put chopsticks in the bowl after dinner, and don't turn the cup upside down.
Honesty is a legacy of ancient times.
The long history and long-term seclusion living environment have preserved the spirit of Qiang culture, which is left over from many simple ancient times. Both ancient literary forms in China originated from ancient poems and myths. These two literary forms still have the great influence of the Qiang nationality, and there are many traditions and excellent works.
Strong men, women and children can sing folk songs, and the lyrics are mostly one of the four or seven syllables, similar to the four-character poems and seven-character poems in China language. From the content point of view, bitter songs, folk songs, love songs, wine songs, happy songs, funeral songs and so on. Known as "Creation", "Formation of Gully Flat Dam", "Man-made" and "Sister Fighting Anju and Zhu Mu", in which brothers and sisters get married.
The story of the myth shooting down eight suns reflects the life of Qiang people in primitive society.