The beautiful scenery of the West Lake is not only unique in spring, but also the lotus flowers that meet the sky in summer, the three pools soaked with moonlight in autumn night, the red plums that are scattered in the shadows after the winter snow, and the warblers in the willow cage gauze and the balcony in the misty rain-no matter when you come, you will appreciate the unusual style.
The Ten Scenes of the West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and basically distributed around the West Lake, and some of them were located on the lake. Su Causeway Chunxiao, Quyuan Fenghe, Pinghu Qiuyue, Broken Bridge Canxue, Liulang Wenying, Huagang Fish Watching, Leifeng Sunset, Twin Peaks Inserting Clouds, Nanping Evening Bell, Santan Yinyue, and the ten scenic spots of the West Lake are good at winning, and together they can represent the essence of the ancient West Lake. Therefore, both Hangzhou locals and tourists from other places talk about it, and it is better to swim first.
The ten scenic spots of the new West Lake were selected by Hangzhou citizens and people from all over the country in 1985, and were determined after repeated consideration by the expert selection committee. They are: Yunqi Bamboo Trail, Manlong Guiyu, Tiger Running Mooncherry, Longjing Tea, Jiuxi Tobacco Tree, Wu Shan Tianfeng, Ruandun Huanbi, Huanglong Tucui, Yuhuang Feiyun and Gem Liuxia.
Su Causeway Chunxiao
Su Causeway starts from the foot of Nanping Mountain in the south and ends at the foot of Qixia Mountain in the north, with a total length of nearly three kilometers. When Su Dongpo, a great poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the governor of Hangzhou, she dredged the West Lake and made use of the dredged mud. Later generations named Su Dongpo Su Causeway to commemorate her achievements in managing the West Lake. The waves lying on the long embankment connect the southern and northern mountains, adding a charming landscape to the West Lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Causeway Chunxiao was listed as the first of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, and in the Yuan Dynasty, it was also called "Six Bridges and Willow" and was listed as the ten scenic spots in Qiantang, which shows that she has been deeply loved by people since ancient times.
After the cold winter, Su Causeway is like a graceful herald of spring, with willows on the shore, gorgeous peaches burning, and a mirror-like lake, reflecting beautiful images and infinite tenderness. The most touching thing is that at the dawn, when the moon sinks in the western hills, the breeze blows slowly, and the willows are curled up and floating on the embankment, which is fascinating.
Su Causeway is also planted with many ornamental flowers and trees, such as magnolia, cherry blossom, hibiscus and osmanthus, which are colorful all year round. The time series changes, the morning is dim and sunny, the atmosphere is different, and the scenery is different. The picturesque scenery makes Su Causeway a place for people to enjoy all the year round. During the Southern Song Dynasty, a lake fair was once formed here. When Tomb-Sweeping Day's grand tour around the lake was recorded in Old Wulin, he wrote: "In Su Causeway area, peach and willow are thick and cloudy, red and green are staggered, and the games of walking rope, riding a title of generals in ancient times, flying money, throwing balls, kicking wood, throwing sand, swallowing knives, spitting fire, jumping circles, fighting and various kinds of birds and insects are clustered." There are also buying and selling fairs, fragrant tea and fine fruit, and wine. Makeup puppets, lotus boats, war horses, drums and drums, and trivial playthings are now in the market. "
Su Causeway's long causeway is extended, and six bridges are undulating, which provides visitors with a leisurely and changeable tour line. Walking on dikes and bridges, the scenery of lakes and mountains unfolds like a picture, with thousands of customs for everyone to appreciate.
The six arch bridges on the Su Causeway are named Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, Dike, Dongpu and Crossing the Rainbow from south to north. As you can see at the bridge head, each leads the way: Yingbo Bridge is adjacent to Huagang Park, with rain hanging down from the trees and waves of smoke swaying; Lock Lan Bridge looks at Xiaoyingzhou near, and looks at Baoshu Tower far away, which is close to reality and far from emptiness; Looking to the west on the Wangshan Bridge, Dingjiashan is lush, and the two peaks are towering into the clouds; The embankment bridge is located in the golden section between the north and the south of Su Causeway. In the old days, it was also a waterway passage for lake boats to go east and west. The "Su Causeway Chunxiao" Jingbei Pavilion is just south of the bridge. Dongpu Bridge has reason to suspect that it is a myth of Shupu Bridge, which is one of the best spots to watch the sunrise on the lake. Cross Hongqiao to see the rainbow flying in the sky after the rain, and the lakes and mountains are shining like fairyland.
Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West, and the water level is low at the beginning.
several early warblers compete to warm the trees, whose new swallow pecks at the spring mud.
flowers are becoming more and more attractive, and shallow grass can lose its horseshoe.
I like the lack of eastward travel of the lake, and the white sand embankment in the shade of green poplar.
Wind Lotus in Quyuan
Wind Lotus in Quyuan, with the theme of watching lotus in summer, inherits the spring dawn in Su Causeway and ranks second among the ten scenic spots in West Lake. "Quyuan" was originally a brewing workshop opened by the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court. It is located near Hongchunqiao, Lingyin Road, near the shore of the West Lake at that time. Lotus flowers were cultivated on the shore of the lake. In summer, when it is breezy in Xu Lai, the fragrance of lotus and wine is flowing everywhere, which makes people drunk without drinking. Wang Yan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem praising: "Summer-seekers return to the cold spring, and it is cool in the evening at the pier. Aiqu Fragrant Array follows people far away, and only after crossing Gao Qiao can we buy a boat. " The post-Quyuan gradually declined and abandoned. After Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty titled the Ten Scenes of West Lake, he built a pavilion with wind and lotus scenery in Quyuan in Su Causeway across Hongqiao. What remains is just a small courtyard, with a small lotus on the lake in front of the hospital. Today's Quyuan Fenghe is a large-scale park gradually built since 1983. The whole park is divided into Yuehu and Zhusu Gardens. Five scenic spots: Fenghe, Quyuan and Binhu Dense Forest. The park is surrounded by Yuefei Tomb Temple, Guo Zhuang, Hangzhou Botanical Garden, etc., which form a perennial tourist hotline on the north line of West Lake.
The most striking thing about the wind load in Quyuan is still enjoying the load in summer. Hundreds of varieties of lotus are cultivated in the large and small lotus ponds in the park, among which the wind and lotus scenic spots are particularly charming. Here, the water surface is dominant, and red lotus, white lotus and heavy lotus are distributed. Sprinkle golden lotus, bingdilian and other famous species of lotus, lotus leaf field, lotus is enchanting. Small bridges with different shapes are set up on the water surface, and people cross the bridge. For example, when walking in Holland, people lean on flowers, flowers reflect people's faces, and flowers and people fall in love.
Yingxun Pavilion is a good place for tourists to enjoy the scenery. When you go to the pavilion, you can see the beautiful scenery of "infinite green leaves in the sky and different red lotus flowers in the sun". The breeze in Xu Lai, fragrant lotus, is refreshing and makes people worry. Your Excellency Ying Xun has set up a Dutch culture showroom to show people the noble virtues of the "gentleman in flowers" and all kinds of excellent works of art and literature that embody people's value orientation, aesthetic photos and moral pursuit.
Yuehu Scenic Area preserves the small courtyard of the "Quyuan Fenghe" monument inscribed by Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. That monument is one of the only two remaining ten original monuments of Kangxi West Lake. Bamboo Garden Scenic Area has only been completed and opened in recent years. It was originally one of the famous West Lake Gardens in the early Qing Dynasty, with bamboo and stone pavilions and winding water, which was quiet and elegant.
The lakeside dense forest scenic area has prepared tents, hammocks and bamboo huts for tourists. You can have a picnic, fish, entertain and get together here.
On the north side of the park, near Yuefen Business District, Fenghe Wine Garden, antique brewing workshops and several ethnic restaurants are set up.
Pinghu Autumn Moon Scenic Area is located at the western end of Bai Causeway, at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain, near the West Lake. In fact, as one of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, there was no fixed scenic spot for the autumn moon in Pinghu in the Southern Song Dynasty. This is not difficult to see from the perspective of the poems of scholars in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties that praised this scene at that time, such as "The moon is cold and cold, and the spring is stagnant, so where is the eulogy for boating"; Ming Hongzhan Zu wrote in his poem: "Autumn Ge people climb the waves and wrinkle, and the fairy mountains and castles are dusty in the mirror. "In the woodcut prints of the Ten Scenes of the West Lake in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the picture of Autumn Moon in Pinghu is still dominated by tourists looking up at the moon in the lake boat.
In fact, the present autumn moon scenic spot of Pinghu was decided after thirty-eight years of Kangxi. At that time, the original Dragon King Hall here was the Imperial Book Building. A stone platform jumped out of the lake was paved in front of the building, surrounded by railings, and a water pavilion was built next to it. The plaque of "Autumn Moon in Pinghu", the imperial title of Kangxi, was hung, and later generations frequently built a stone pavilion on its left.
After the founding of New China, after re-planning, year-on-year renovation, expansion and new construction, a long and narrow lakeside garden has been formed here, which is planted with flowers and trees all over the year, dotted with rockeries, pavilions and pavilions, making it more suitable for enjoying the moon, enjoying tea and relaxing.
The autumn moon night in the West Lake has been recognized as a beautiful scene since ancient times, and it is full of poetry and painting. Pinghu has a lofty autumn moon pavilion in Ling Bo, with windows overlooking the water, a wide platform and a wide field of vision. In autumn night, you can see the bright moon in the sky, the lake is blue, the golden wind is cool, and the water and the moon are in harmony. I don't know what night it will be. In fact, the beautiful scenery is more than autumn, more than the moonlit night. In Luo Chengxiang, Qing Dynasty, there was a pair of couplets: "When you wear it, it will be a summer breeze and a winter day, and the roller blinds will meet the mountains before the moon."
Although the autumn moon scenic area of Pinghu is perhaps the smallest among the ten scenic spots of West Lake, people can still visit and appreciate the historical sites and cultural implications here. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Wanghu Pavilion was built here. In the Southern Song Dynasty, with the construction of the four sages of the Gushan Royal Taoist Temple, the Moon Pavilion was built here. "Looking at the lake" and "Looking at the moon", these two "looks" laid the groundwork for the future location of Pinghu Qiuyue. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Long, the eunuch of Sili, spent a lot of money to rebuild the old scene of the West Lake, and greatly renovated the Wanghu Pavilion.
Zhang Dai, a writer, recorded in "Dream of the West Lake": "Gorgeous renovation, the addition of terraces, can be windy and full of seats, and operas can be played every day. Today, the Dragon King Hall will be built. "
Hutianyibilou, located to the west of the scenic spot, was originally a relic of the private villa "Luoyuan" of Hatong, a wealthy Jewish businessman and "adventurer" in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, and later became the cradle of modern woodcut movement in China-the location of Bayi Art Club. Today, it has been turned into Xiling Painting and Calligraphy Institute, which adds a bookish atmosphere to the beautiful scenery of Hushan.
Broken bridge
Broken bridge is located at the eastern end of Bai Causeway. Among many bridges of West Lake, ancient and modern, she is the most famous. It is said that as early as the Tang Dynasty, the broken bridge was built, and the word "broken bridge" was included in Zhang Hu's poem "On the Gushan Temple in Hangzhou".
There is a quip about the beauty of the West Lake in "Talking about Picking up Cuisine in Xizi Lake" written by Wang Keyu, a Ming Dynasty: "The victory of the West Lake, the sunny lake is not as good as the rainy lake, the rainy lake is not as good as the moon lake, and the moon lake is not as good as the snowy lake ... How many people are there in the world who can truly lead the landscape!" Hangzhou, located in the south of the Yangtze River, has a short snow period every year, and heavy snow days are even more rare. Once the silver makeup is wrapped, it will create a snowy lake that is very different from the usual time and scenery.
There are several explanations for the broken bridge remnant snow. The more popular saying is that whenever Chu Qing comes to the broken bridge after the snow, it looks west and north, and the terraces in Gushan and Geling are paved with jade, which is crystal clear and has the beauty of Leng Yan.
Some people think that Bai Causeway is as white as a chain when you look down from Mount Baoshi at the beginning of heavy snow. Sunrise reflected that the broken bridge melted the snow on the bridge deck to reveal a trace of brown bridge deck, as if a long white chain had broken in the middle, so it was named "Canxue".
Liulang Wenying Park, located in the southeast corner of West Lake, covers an area of about 21 hectares. Her predecessor was the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Garden Jujing Garden, which started from the Qingbo Gate in the old city of Hangzhou in the south, went to the Yongjinmen Gate in the north, leaned against the city wall in the east, and was adjacent to the water surface of the West Lake in the west. Moreover, it also included several islands near the lakeshore, such as Liuzhou and Shui Xin Temple Foundation (the predecessor of Xiaoyingzhou).
At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Jujing Garden became a "scattered landscape garden", and its southern area was chosen as a cemetery by the Hui people who moved to Hangzhou with the Mongolian and Yuan fighters. Among them, the middle part of the land is barren and silted up into a scattered swamp pond, and the original Lingzhi Temple, Mingyingguan and other magnificent temples in the northern part of it are also doomed with the landscape. By the middle of the Ming dynasty, Liulang, which was a magnificent sight, was the only place left: Liulang Bridge and Huaguang Pavilion. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was a bleak scene. The first half of Zishan's "Youth Tour" was devoted to the scene that the grand occasion was no longer there. "The snake is flat, the fox is broken, and the road is completely deserted. Swallows fly, peach blossoms are silent, and I have read several vicissitudes. " By 1949, there were only one scenic monument, one stone monument square, one stone pavilion and one Shapu old tree, one old house in King Qian's Memorial, and two ponds in front of the temple. Nearby residents simply call it Fenshan Pavilion.
Today, after nearly forty years of continuous development and construction, the orioles in Liulang have evolved from an imperial garden enjoyed by emperors in those days into a paradise for ordinary people. She still takes the green willow color and graceful warbler singing as the keynote of the park landscape, and plants weeping willows, lion willows, drunken willows, sand willows and other characteristic willows along the embankment of the lake and the main road of the garden road. In the main scenic spot in the middle of the park, the Wenying Pavilion was opened, and the giant net cage "Bird Paradise" was disposed not far from the Wenying Pavilion, creating an atmosphere of fireworks in March, willows dancing and beautiful warblers. To the east of Wenying Pavilion, a friendship garden scenic spot is mainly composed of lawns and dense forests, and a number of Japanese cherry blossoms have been introduced. On the north side of the lawn, a stone platform is paved, and a monument of "No War between Japan and China" stands. On the west side of the Wenying Pavilion, a large lawn was built by filling up the marshes when Liuyang Wenying was rebuilt. The grass color is far away from the Bibo Castle Peak of the West Lake, and the north side of the big lawn is the monument of the Kangxi Imperial Theme Liuyang Wenying, which was relocated here. A tall arbor forest is planted on the south side, which forms a vivid picture rich in layers and angles with lawns, willow banks and lakes and mountains.
The earlier King Qian's Memorial in the north of the park was transformed into a courtyard scenic spot with the style of private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, and it was named after the old name of "Jujing Garden". Pavilions and pavilions, fake mountain spring pools, small bridges and flowing water, low walls and leaking windows, and exotic flowers and grasses in the park are all in their own places, making the whole park winding and secluded, with a unique world.
The southeast of the park has been turned into a place for people to visit the park for recreational activities, and an open-air stage has been built, which has become a good place for Hangzhou citizens and tourists from all directions to exercise in the morning, relax on holidays and celebrate festivals. Every summer and autumn, it is also a "night garden" to cool off the heat. Songs, dances, operas, movies and various flower shows, lantern festivals and folk customs performances are held irregularly, attracting people.
Huagang Fish Watching Park is located in the west of the southern section of Su Causeway, on a peninsula between Xili Lake and Xiaonanhu. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the chamberlain Yun Sheng once built a private garden in build house, under Huajiashan, which is not far from here. Flowers and trees in the garden were scattered, water was diverted into the pool, and five-colored fish were kept for viewing and enjoyment. It gradually became a place frequented by tourists, called Luyuan, and named Huagang because it was close to Huajiashan. When the court painter created the group painting of the Ten Scenes of the West Lake, he included it in it. In the thirty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1699), Emperor Xuanye visited the West Lake, wrote a book to watch the fish scenery in Huagang as usual, and built a stone monument beside the fish pond. Later, when Qianlong visited the West Lake in the south of the Yangtze River, another poem was inscribed on the monument. In the poem, there was a saying: "There are fish and flowers at the foot of Huajiashan.
Today, Fish Watching in Huagang is a large park covering more than 2 hectares. The whole park is divided into five scenic spots: Red Fish Pond, Peony Garden, Huagang, Big Lawn and Dense Forest Land.
The Red Fish Pond, located in the south of the central part of the park, is the center of the whole park. The bank of the pond is winding and natural, and the pond is piled with soil to form islands. There is a curved bridge on the pond, leaning against the bridge fence and looking down, thousands of red fish with golden scales come and go in groups, splashing and splashing. When the breeze passed, the flowers and trees along the bank of the pool fell in colorful colors and floated on the water. What a touching picture of "fish with fish and flowers", no one can afford to feel the love of the squid.
At the west end of the Red Fish Pond, there is a peony garden with a high mound, and a peony pavilion is built at the highest point. Hundreds of peonies and peonies are planted around the pavilion, which are divided into more than ten flower border blocks according to different varieties. Every year around Grain Rain, it shows the king's demeanor among flowers, and it is very beautiful and well-deserved. On one side of the path beside the Peony Pavilion, a Gu Mei plant was planted under the plum tree, and this plum shadow pattern was built with black and white pebbles on the road surface, which was called "Plum Shadow Slope" by Ma Yifu, a modern great scholar.
from the peony pavilion, you can get a panoramic view of the east, south and north of the park. To the east, green trees are dancing, and the lake wave dike marks are connected remotely. In the south, the lush mountains of Nanping Mountain were "borrowed"