This epidemic, people began to reflect on high-rise housing. What kind of house is the most suitable for China people to live in? What is the ideal living style and environment? What will the future house look like? What is the ideal lifestyle in the future?
1. High-rise residential buildings are not conducive to epidemic prevention
1. High-rise residential buildings have accelerated the spread of the epidemic. During the epidemic period, everyone reflected on the advantages and disadvantages of high-rise residential buildings, mainly because all cities and counties in China are dominated by high-rise intensive living, and public elevators, aisles, handrails, door handles and pipes are the main routes of infection.
2. High-rise residential buildings are not conducive to home. During the epidemic, everyone stayed at home. High-rise houses were like a bird cage. Living in them was very uncomfortable and ungrounded, and they had to go through the elevator to get some air.
3. There are many problems in comfort and safety of high-rise residential buildings. It is not conducive to interpersonal communication, and it is not conducive to maintenance in the long run. How can so many high-rise houses be rebuilt and repaired in the future? This is a huge problem.
it's time to reflect on high-rise residential buildings! There are many problems in high-rise housing, and low-rise and high-density is the ideal living mode for China people. Although the houses are almost built, we still need to reflect deeply, make up for it, and make the right choice.
2. Why don't Americans live in high-rise houses?
1. Why are there no high-rise houses in America? Most Americans live in townhouses and villas, even slums are townhouses, and there are a few high-rise apartments in cities. In the 197s, Pruitt-Igoe, a high-rise public house designed by Minoru Yamasaki, was widely praised by residents at first because of its convenient infrastructure, but soon violent incidents began to appear in the community and the public security deteriorated, so in 1972, the US government blew it up by itself.
Jencks, an American architectural critic, also commented that "modernist architecture has died" on this day. In fact, it reflects many problems of high-rise residential buildings. In fact, there are few high-rise residential buildings in other countries.
2. High-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong are a special case. Hong Kong's unique urban development model has chosen a high-rise approach. In fact, Hong Kong has plenty of land, especially in the New Territories, and it does not need to develop agriculture. This model leads to a very bad living environment in Hong Kong, with the highest population density in East Asia, about 32, people per square kilometer.
3. Overdense cities are not easy to govern. Like a city house in Hong Kong next to a house, once an epidemic situation occurs, it is not easy to isolate and treat. The dense urban area is uncomfortable, there is no green space, and the communication space is inconvenient to use.
China people (including Hongkong) live in high-rise buildings all over the world, and new houses in counties all over the country are mainly high-rise, which is dangerous!
3. What kind of house is suitable for China people to live in
1. Learn the living mode of Hong Kong blindly. China's choice of living style was not carefully considered. It is said that I visited Hong Kong because I didn't have enough funds at that time, so I took the Hong Kong model as the main living mode in China.
Hong Kong's residential mode, including the system of land auction and auction, is a very special mode. Now it seems that it is a fatal mistake to learn from Hong Kong's system of auction and auction. Auction and auction have brought soaring and abnormal land prices. Although it has brought huge benefits to the public finance, it has also brought inefficient funds and great waste, and it has also fostered a large number of urban parasites who rely on demolition and real estate speculation.
Our sample is Hong Kong on the other side of Shenzhen River. Then, regardless of the east, west, north and south, geography, population, climate and economy, big cities learn from Shenzhen, small and medium-sized cities learn from big cities, provincial capitals and even county towns. This is also a virus spread, but it has been numb for too long, and it is not easy to jump out!
2. What is the root cause of high-rise residential buildings? We take it for granted that high-rise residential buildings are due to the relatively high floor area ratio. Improving the utilization rate of land conforms to the national conditions of China, and it can also save the actual situation that the infrastructure was seriously inadequate at the beginning of our reform and opening up.
Actually, it is limited that the plot ratio of high-rise residential buildings is higher than that of multi-floors, especially in the northern region. From the historical data, it can be inferred that the low-rise high-density and high-rise low-density have no great essential difference in the carrying capacity of urban land. At least the data of urban carrying capacity of many counties in China since 1 years have also supported the modern urban planning index of carrying 1, people in one square kilometer.
In fact, the urban population density of Beijing is 14,52 people/km2, far exceeding the requirements. The saving of infrastructure is also uneconomical. The cost of elevator traffic is far greater than that of bus, and the vertical pipeline is more expensive than the horizontal pipeline. High land price and long land acquisition approval procedures bring great costs, forcing developers to continuously improve the floor area ratio and the number of residential floors. Even remote western counties and some small towns are desperately building high-rise buildings. Urbanization sample+land system has deformed and aggravated urban diseases, and the top-level design needs to be focused on.
3. Comfortable area is the pursuit of ideal life. The American dream is a big house. What about the Chinese dream? The urban per capita area in China has reached 39 square meters, and the per capita housing construction area of rural residents is 47.3 square meters. The per capita area of the United States is 67 square meters. What is the per capita area of Europe? 47.5 square meters in Germany, 45.4 square meters in France, 43 square meters in Italy, 27 square meters in Spain, 39.9 square meters in Finland, 46 square meters in Switzerland, 38.81 square meters in Japan, 27.6 square meters in Singapore and 15 square meters in Hong Kong. I think the per capita area of China should be 45-55 square meters in the future.
4. Low-rise and high-density buildings are more suitable for China's national conditions. Both administrative leaders and planners like high-rise buildings with low density, so-called public space and good visual effects. Most countries and cities in the world choose to live in low-rise houses. Considering the fact that China has a large population and less land suitable for construction, low-rise and high-density buildings are more suitable for China's national conditions. This is not only in line with the requirements of the urban planning of 1 thousand people in a square kilometer, but also relatively compact and comfortable to live in. Considering comprehensively that the plot ratio is between 1.5 and 2., with 4-6 floors, it is the most suitable for China people to live in.
On the whole, I think that China should choose two or three-story townhouses, four or five-story stacked houses, five or six-story garden houses and a few small high-rise apartments as the best way. Plus the existing high-rises, don't build new high-rise houses!
5. Future room functions will evolve. With the change of life, will the bathroom, kitchen, bedroom, living room and balcony be understood and recognized as before? In fact, the function of the bathroom has gone far beyond washing and toilet, and the kitchen is also undergoing great changes. The bedroom is more in line with and personalized, and the living room has increasingly become a place for children's activities and the location of other functions. The study has increasingly become the center of family activities.
4. Overlapping houses are ideal houses for China residents
1. Innovative forms of overlapping houses. Here, I would like to launch a grand multi-storey house. This is when I visited the planning system in the United States in 21, I found that even some poor people receiving relief funds in the United States lived in townhouses, and few people lived in high-rise or multi-storey apartments. At that time, I was rethinking why most Americans live in townhouses. Although we China people are short of land, our urban population is not large.
after I came back, I tried to stack two townhouses. The lower one has a small garden, and the upper one has a roof platform. The average household size is more than 1 square meters. The area is not large, and there is almost no pool. The living quality is close to that of townhouses.
2. Achieve the economic indicators of multi-storey houses. The plot ratio of stacked houses is almost the same as that of 6-storey houses, which can be more than 1.5, while that of high-rise board buildings is just over 2: . In addition, the economic indicators are better due to factors such as small pool coefficient and high quality. At that time, China Architectural Design Institute was engaged in real estate development, and originally planned to build a 23-story high-rise residential building. I threw out this idea and scheme, which was adopted by the decision makers at that time, and the overlapping residential building was thus produced.
the economy of stacked houses is very good, and the unit price profit is large, which is very high for developers and more cost-effective than building high-rise houses. It is also very cost-effective for residents. According to the calculation made at that time, the usable area in the suite is cheaper than that of high-rise residential buildings, because the pool of high-rise residential buildings is too large.
For the city, the plot ratio is not low at all. The plot ratio of this residential area is the same as that of the Olympic Village next door. The Olympic Village uses a small high-rise house with nine floors. Due to the influence of the high-rise ratio, the green space between the houses is not large, but the pool area is as much as 25%. A house of 25 square meters is smaller than a house of 18 square meters. The price of second-hand houses in the market is similar in two communities, but the Olympic Village is a high-grade residential community built by the state. Diepin was invented at that time, just to make ideal houses for urban residents in China.
3. Experience similar to townhouses. Overlapping houses can not only be close to townhouses in comfort, but also meet the current restrictions on villas, and can also have a good return on the economy of developers. At the same time, for cities, the utilization rate can also be met. It should be said that overlapping houses are the most suitable houses for China people.
It's a pity that the overlapping residence is widely spread in various places, but everyone regards it as a high-grade residence. In fact, it was originally invented for most people to live in general, just to replace the ordinary high-rise residence with this overlapping residence, so that everyone can buy the overlapping residence with the money from buying high-rise residence.
It's a pity that the average person in China is now more than 4 square meters, and most people still choose to live in this high-rise house with three bedrooms and two halls.
v. what will the future house look like?
1. The future house must be smart. Everything in the future is connected and interconnected. He is thoughtful and wise, and can communicate with us and discuss with us. Every house should have a brain center, which should be a member of the family.
Like a relative, she is a housekeeper. As long as the owner has any need to move his head or use language to control, the house will be implemented immediately. Every room has a wall full of LCD screens, which can communicate and control information seamlessly at any time.
2. The future residence should be a dynamic machine. According to different families at different times, some partitions can be flexibly combined, and indoor functions and decorations are also changing. For example, the function of the living room can be used for meeting guests, working, or making a concert hall, and the decoration is also changing accordingly. Some guest bedrooms can also be changed, and when no guests come, they can become study rooms and leisure halls.
Some outdoor spaces can also be extended, for example, the balcony can be extended. Master Klanyi, known as the contemporary Da Vinci, designed a 36-square-meter changeable house with three different functions, the first is the living room, the second is the dining room, and the third is the bedroom. There is a changing machine in the corner of the house.
With different functional choices, the nature and layout of the house change, and the space remains unchanged, and the function changes, bringing the 36 square meters to 18 square meters.
3. The house in the future is an organic life. Traditional buildings are all inorganic, so a wall in the future house must be organic and green, which can breathe with temperature and humidity, and can change the microclimate of the family. The rain garden designed by Yu Kongjian's balcony is a good part of the organic wall. The future residence should be healthy, air and water can be detected and filtered, and the temperature of sunlight can be monitored.
4. The future residence should also be emotional. Can perceive the owner's emotional changes, can provide care and can communicate. The owner may be homesick, happy or reflective, and he can give some corresponding environmental music, background music and environmental images. Even the feeling of air and smell, this cinema 4D technology has been solved for a long time. Sitting at home, you can change the sea mode, forest mode, desert mode, hometown mode, etc., and immediately be there.
5. The future house is a cultural product. Housing is not only for living, but also a carrier of culture. Our traditional folk house itself is a cultural heritage, and a series of cultural stories, such as carved beams and painted buildings, the relationship between heaven and earth, and couplets, should be passed on to our future house.
6. The future residence embodies the value. We now have a house that costs tens of millions. Where is its value? How can industrial products reflect value? Watches can be set with diamonds. What should we set in our house? Precious metals, precious stones, wood, exquisite and valuable pottery products, or something else?
The epidemic has given birth to the advent of the Internet age ahead of schedule, and the proportion of families is increasing. Our residential functions and others have to be changed accordingly, the functions of office have increased, and the requirements of the Internet have become more comprehensive. Developers should grasp the future situation and provide products that meet the needs, and designers should guide the direction of design.
VI. Ideal urban and rural living space
Grasp the development trend of urbanization, choose the correct living form, create high-quality space and create an ideal life mode.
1. learn from the compact and efficient core area of Tokyo, Japan. Japan's population density is much higher than China's, but isn't Tokyo dominated by eight-story assembly houses, townhouses and even villas? Tokyo has a mixed layout and adopts the concept of smart city.
We should not overemphasize the sunshine spacing in the old city, and the new old city cannot adopt a unified standard. If the sunshine spacing standard is too strict in the city center, the economy of development in the old city will be affected. At the same time, it has an impact on the image and vitality of the city, destroying the texture of the original city. The sunshine spacing standard in the old city should be 5% of the normal spacing.
The function of the old city is compound. Due to historical reasons, the scale of the city is relatively small, and the advantage lies in the convenience of life. The residential community model of the Soviet Union is not conducive to the traffic and vitality of the city, and is more suitable for the suburbs.
2. Learn the colorful cultural space in Taiwan Province, China. Culture is often not easy to implement in space, and cultural space is the quality that cities need to improve in the future. Taiwan Province, China is relatively successful in the construction of cultural space. Taking Eslite Bookstore and taipei artist village as examples, they have created a new development model:
Cultural creative business model, including cultural creative retail, special catering, theater-style business space, exhibition space and other models. They combine cultural creativity with business to create a unique business experience space.
the goods in this mode are sentimental, design-oriented, high-quality, and can be implanted into local culture, with a unique product modeling form, cute, lovely, practical and ingenious.
The cultural space of gongs in the highlands of central Vietnam covers many provinces and nearly 17 ethnic minorities belonging to the islands in the Pacific-Asia and the south-central Pacific. These people live by traditional agriculture and develop their own craft traditions, decorative styles and housing types.
3. Explore the composition area of Singapore-style urban landscape interweaving. Singapore Garden City, with a land area of 71 square kilometers, a green area of 977 hectares, a green coverage rate of 5% and a per capita green area of 18.74 square meters, is a veritable Greentown. This national spatial planning will open up the ecological pattern.
4. Create a German-style urban suburb. There is often a forest, a river and modern facilities in the urban center of Germany. After the epidemic, the suburbs around the city circle are the focus of development, and the integration of urban and rural areas can enjoy both the convenience of the city and the enjoyment.