How to raise goldfish so as not to die?

The feeding management of goldfish and koi fish is a multi-technology comprehensive project, including feeding, changing water and daily observation. In the juvenile, adult, parent and old age, the requirements are different; There are also different management points throughout the year. 1, feeding equipment (1) Traditional feeding containers: Traditional feeding containers for goldfish include yellow sand pots, clay pots, pottery pots, porcelain pots and wooden pots. The yellow sand jar has a big mouth and a sharp bottom, and its appearance is simple and unprinted. Fired with clay, the process is simple, and it is more common in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. The yellow sand tank can be semi-buried underground, accepting ground temperature, and the hole wall has good permeability. Mud mouth is more common in Beijing and Tianjin, with flat drum shape, the bottom of the cylinder is equal to the mouth of the cylinder, the outer wall is patterned, and the cylinder wall is smooth and transparent, which is suitable for raising cashmere balls, facing dragons and butterfly tails. Pottery pots are made of clay, with a large mouth, thick walls, patterns on the outer wall and a thin glaze layer on the inner wall. They are also often used to raise fish. Porcelain pots are exquisitely made, with dragon and animal patterns on the outer wall, bright glaze, thick inner wall, smooth and delicate, and slightly poor air permeability. This is a good decorative container. The wooden basin, named Muhai, is about 0.7- 1.5m in diameter and 0.3-0.5m in height. It is unpainted, breathable, easy to attach moss to the inner wall, and the water quality is clear. Wooden pots are common containers among ancient people and can still be seen in Beijing at present. 2. Feeding (1) Hunting habit: Goldfish is a temperature-changing animal, and all its activities are closely related to the change of water temperature. Most activities of goldfish are searching for bait and foraging in the water. They live in peace and have no habit of occupying territory. In the goldfish farm, at dawn, ordinary goldfish feed along the edge of the pool. When breeders approach, they will swim forward in unison, commonly known as begging. At this time, they put in the bait, and they immediately rushed to grab the bait. When the water temperature is above 65438 05℃, the goldfish's foraging activity is more active. When the water temperature is above 30℃, goldfish will stop foraging. When the water temperature is lower than 5℃, the foraging activity of goldfish is obviously reduced. When the water temperature is 18-25℃, goldfish has the strongest appetite and the fastest growth and development. (2) Feeding points: The water temperature in spring and autumn is about 15-25 degrees Celsius, which is the season when goldfish have the strongest appetite in a year. At this time, the amount of bait is large, so you should feed the fish as much as possible. For example, after the first bait, goldfish still have bait-seeking activities, which can be used as the second bait. In midsummer, the water temperature is mostly around 25-30 degrees, sometimes exceeding 30 degrees. At this time, the goldfish's appetite is weakened, and the amount of bait should be reduced. As long as you keep the goldfish 70% to 80% full, the baiting time should be advanced to about 7-8 am, so as to finish baiting before the water temperature rises. In winter, the water temperature is mostly below 7 degrees, and goldfish have less foraging activities and less food intake. Feeding time is generally selected when the light is strong at noon, and feeding can also be stopped when the water temperature is 1-2 degrees. (3) Feeding principle: The annual goldfish eats about the same amount as its head size; The two-year-old goldfish eats about half the size of its head; Goldfish over three years old eat about one-third the size of their heads. Family ornamental fish can be fed once a day, and the feeding amount is about 70-80% full. In the production of ornamental fish, the water temperature is suitable in spring and autumn, and enough bait should be kept. Just change the fresh water, and feed less a day or two ago. When the water turns green, feed it quantitatively to make the goldfish full. During the breeding season, the feeding amount of goldfish decreased 1/2- 1/3 compared with the normal feeding amount. For sickly fish, the feeding amount is reduced by 2/3 compared with the normal amount. Fish that need long-distance transportation should be replaced with fresh water, and the bait should be stopped for 1-3 days. 3. Water-for-water method (1): There are only two ways to change water for ornamental fish, partial water change and total water change. Part of the water became water. In an open-air fish pond, releasing old water through 1/3- 1/2 and then directly replenishing new water can stimulate the appetite of fish and partially improve the water quality. This is a way to maintain the water quality of ornamental fish. Household aquarium can suck out the dirt at the bottom of the tank with soft plastic pipe, and the amount of water sucked out is equivalent to 1/3- 1/2 of the original water, and then slowly inject new water with the same temperature and quantity with soft plastic pipe. When all the water is changed, 2/3 of the old water can be released, and then the fish can be fished up with a net and replaced with new water at the same temperature. When all the water in the aquarium is replaced by domestic use, all the equipment in the aquarium should be powered off first. After the old water is discharged, the glass jar can be wiped with a soft cloth or dipped in low-concentration potassium permanganate. When changing water for ornamental fish, the water temperature should be kept in balance between old and new, and the temperature difference should be controlled at 1-2 degrees Celsius. (2) Water exchange principle: The water quality stability time of ornamental fish is closely related to the water temperature. In spring and autumn, the water temperature is suitable, the water color is bright green, the algae in the water grow moderately, and the water quality has a long shelf life. At this time, water is often added, usually once every 2-3 days, and the total water change time is about 15 days. In midsummer, the water temperature is high and algae grow vigorously. Generally, the water turns green in about 3 days. Green water in midsummer can easily cause goldfish to burn their tails. Therefore, most goldfish feed water is completely changed, and the water change time is 3-5 days. In winter, the water temperature is low, the algae in the water grow slowly, and the water turns green for a long time. At this time, water is often used. The total water exchange time is about 1-2 months. During the total water exchange time, some green water is mixed into new water to maintain the stability of water quality. Goldfish are raised at home, and all aquariums are equipped with water quality circulating filters, which are usually opened for 5-6 hours every day to keep the water quality clear forever. In the season when the water temperature is suitable, you can also use the method of mixing water, which can not only keep the water quality stable and fresh, but also stimulate the appetite of fish. 4. Stocking density (1) Stocking density of commercial fish: The growth speed and size of goldfish are not only related to water quality and bait, but also related to the number of fish raised per unit area. The lower the stocking density, the better the goldfish development and the most perfect morphological curve. The higher the stocking density, the smaller the goldfish, the smaller the body shape, malnutrition, reduced aesthetic appearance and ornamental value. 5. Key points of feeding in four seasons (1) Spring: Spring is the breeding season for goldfish and koi fish, because the temperature is suitable. Goldfish breeding mainly focuses on the spawning of parent fish and the care of young fish. When the water temperature is 18-22 degrees Celsius, the parent fish will chase each other. Generally, in the afternoon or evening, the parent fish will change into new water and spawn at dawn the next day. Goldfish should be kept in green water before labor, and the sexual activity of parent fish should be controlled by the stability of water color and water quality. After spawning, the parent fish should be raised in light green water, or mixed with some green water to maintain the normal development of the gonad of the parent fish. Generally, the second spawning can be carried out after 7- 10 days. Parent fish should be fed live bait as much as possible when breeding. In the south of the Yangtze River, the rainy season is around June every year. At this time, it rained continuously, and all kinds of harmful bacteria and parasites proliferated. This is the season for goldfish. Both parent fish and juvenile fish should be raised in green water, so as to reduce the number of water changes, maintain the stability of water quality, minimize stimulation and reduce the dosage of bait, especially in low-pressure and stuffy days. In case of sick goldfish, it should be isolated in time and prevented with drugs in advance. (2) Summer: In summer, the temperature is high, the water temperature is above 25 degrees Celsius, harmful bacteria and parasites in the water are obviously reduced, and goldfish rarely get sick. Because the water temperature is too high, the algae in the water increase obviously, the time for the water to turn green accelerates, and the dissolved oxygen in the water decreases. At this time, the focus of feeding work is to prevent goldfish from heatstroke and hypoxia. Around noon, covering 2/3 of the pond with sunshade net or reed curtain can prevent the water temperature from rising too fast and provide a summer shelter for fish. Strengthening observation at night, especially around 3-5 o'clock in the middle of the night, is the time when fish are most prone to hypoxia. When the fish pond is seriously short of oxygen, it is necessary to replenish water or change water in time. If there is oxygen filling equipment, it should be turned on in time after night. During the day, if you find fish with green water or hot tails, you should change the water in time. Koi fish, which is reared in the open air, should pay more attention to changing water in time and turning on the oxygen-increasing equipment at night. (3) Autumn: The water temperature is suitable in autumn, and the young fish produced in spring have reached the adult stage. At this time, it is necessary to focus on strengthening feeding to keep the ornamental fish fat, so fattening is the focus of autumn feeding. When the water temperature is 18-22 degrees, it is the time for harmful bacteria to breed in the water, so observation and drug prevention should be strengthened to avoid a large number of diseases and deaths of ornamental fish. Because there are few rainy days in autumn, the incidence of ornamental fish is light, but because the water temperature is suitable, autumn is the season with more incidence of ornamental fish, so long as it is actively prevented, it can generally be safely spent. (4) Winter: In winter, the temperature is low, the water temperature is mostly below 10 degrees, and the incidence of ornamental fish is low. At this time, it is difficult to increase the body length of fish, but the obesity of fish can be increased, and ornamental fish has developed and formed. This is the busiest season for the sale of ornamental fish. This is the focus of breeding, keeping the water quality stable and keeping the ornamental fish healthy. When the water temperature is low, the goldfish should be moved indoors or in the greenhouse for the winter, or the water level in the fish pond should be deepened to 40-50 cm to avoid frostbite. In the north, because the temperature is often below 0 degrees, ornamental fish must be moved indoors or in greenhouses for the winter. Goldfish overwinter indoors in the north, and it is best to control the room temperature above 7 degrees so that goldfish can find bait, and feeding can be carried out every other day or three days. If the water temperature is raised to 18-22 degrees, goldfish can breed in the greenhouse in advance. 6. Daily observation (1) Observation contents: The daily observation of ornamental fish is very important, which can find the sick individuals or fish at the early stage of the disease in time, and its observation parts mainly include body surface, gills, eyes, mouth and fins. These are the parts of fish that are easy to get sick. Normal goldfish, the body surface is bright and clean, ups and downs freely, appetite is strong, abdomen is straight, tail fin is stretched. The sick individual swims alone, looks dull, does not eat after eating, has dim body color and more mucus on the body surface. If you carefully observe the body surface, there will be white spots or cotton-wool hyphae or bloodshot and red skin. The onset of fish ponds, fish gathering in the corner of the tank or crowded together are all precursors of the onset. Normal goldfish, bright red gills, gill cover open freely. In sick individuals, the gill filaments are dim and white, or rotten or have flocculent hyphae attached, the gill cover is unable to open, and the pool edge or corner is sluggish. The fins of healthy goldfish are well developed and can stretch freely, while the fins of sick goldfish are prone and unable to stretch, and there are white spots or congestion on the fins. If there are bubbles on the fin, it belongs to hot tail, and it will disappear as long as it is replaced with new water. Goldfish have sarcomas, which are bright and plump, and sick individuals, which are atrophied, dull, or show signs of decay. Normal goldfish, eyes bright, sparkling, eyes moving freely, intense. The diseased goldfish have dim eyes and white films or flocculent hyphae. Healthy goldfish mouth has flexible joints and is free to look for bait. The mouth joint of the sick individual is disordered, and it is red, swollen or rotten. Normal goldfish have a big appetite and often feed at the bottom of the water or by the pool. Sick individuals, dark corners, don't eat bait. Normal goldfish, the feces are strip-shaped and the color is gray-black. In sick individuals, feces are irregular, milky white or frothy. The water color of goldfish, clear water or green water is more suitable for fish growth, and the water color is white or brown, which should be replaced in time. (2) Observation time: The time for observing goldfish is often adjusted due to the change of external temperature. Spring is mostly concentrated at dawn. Observe the floating head and dissolved oxygen content of goldfish, and determine the feeding amount and water quality treatment of the day. It is hot in summer, and the observation time is mostly concentrated from midnight to dawn, mainly to observe the floating head of goldfish, inject water or change water in time, or turn on oxygen-increasing equipment. The observation time in winter is mostly concentrated at noon. When feeding, we mainly observe the foraging activities of goldfish and find the sick fish that are not fed in time. At noon, we mainly observe the rest state of goldfish, whether there is hot tail phenomenon or not, and whether there is bait left. In the evening, we mainly observe the change of water color, whether the water quality is getting worse and whether the goldfish floats, so as to predict whether the goldfish will float in the middle of the night without oxygen. The observation time of goldfish is very important.