Cao Cao
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
Precautions:
Jié stone looks at the sea in the east. Eastern Jieshi: Eastern Jieshi Mountain. East: a noun of orientation, which is used as an adverbial of pro here, meaning East and facing East. Professor: Yes, that means boarding the plane. Jieshi: an ancient mountain name, originally in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province, east of Luanhekou, has now sunk into the Bohai Sea. Connect the two phrases "Jieshi in the East" and "Viewing the Sea" with a conjunction, and the second half of the connection indicates the purpose of the previous action. Look, this means looking down and looking out. Sea: East China Sea, here is a general term. ⑤ Start with narration and start smoothly.
What is water (Dan) and what is mountain island (sǒng)? Water: refers to seawater. He: adverb, used before adjective predicate, indicating depth. It can be translated into "how so", "how so" and so on. Lian: The appearance of surging water waves. Qi: with "shrug", it rises high and soars into the sky. Chi: upright. Then describe the magnificent scenery seen by climbing the mountain to see the sea. These two sentences describe the magnificent and open weather of the sea, which is a long-term vision and panorama.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. Trees: refers to the trees on the mountain island (that is, Jieshi Mountain climbed by the author). Dense: To gather (plants) in one place for growth. This is Lin Mi. Feng: Dense and luxuriant. ○ These two sentences describe the mountain island, highlighting its dense forests and lush vegetation. This is a close-up view, not a part.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean. Bleak: The sound of autumn wind. Hongbo: Huge waves. H: Big means big. Surge: a way to describe the inclination of big waves. These two sentences are about the turbulent dynamics of the sea. The above six descriptions are static and dynamic, far and near, master and slave, all of which are real scenes.
Journey to the sun and the moon, if you go out. Sun and Moon: Sun and Moon. One: structural auxiliary words cannot be translated. Ok: run. If: like, like. Get out of it: get out of the sea. Its: pronoun, representing the sea.
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise. Xing Han: Tianhe, Yinhe. Brilliance: dazzling. Li: It has the same meaning as "Zhong". ○ These four sentences mean that the sun, the moon and the stars all seem to run in the chest of the sea, showing the broad mind of the sea. This is a virtual scene, an imaginary word. Shen Deqian commented that these four sentences have "the throughput of cosmic weather". In fact, it is a portrayal of the poet's spirit and soul.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire. Even glad: I am very lucky and very good. Fortunately, I am very happy. To: Pole. Ah: auxiliary words, expressing exclamation tone. Song: Verbs, singing. With: a conjunction, the same as "er", connecting the two verbs "song" and "Yong". Yong: express it in poetry. Volunteer: wish, mind. These two sentences were originally used in music and generally have nothing to do with the meaning of the text. But in this poem, nature is harmonious.
Sea: The word "sea" can generally refer to the sea, because the sea is pale and endless, so it is called the sea. For example, Ge Hong's "Bao Pu Zi Qiong Da": "Well frogs don't know the sea." Sea: the sea, the sea. "Sea" is another name for East Sea in China. In the poem, "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east" and "sea" refers to the East China Sea. The sixth book of Beginners explains: "According to the difference between the East China Sea and the West Sea, the East China Sea is called the Bohai Sea, and the Bohai Sea is also called the sea. The East China Sea referred to here generally refers to the eastern waters of China, which is different from the "East China Sea" referring to the waters east of Zhejiang today.
Lian Lian: The original meaning of "Lian Lian" is the appearance of water fluctuation. This is the meaning of the poem what is water. . You can also describe peace of mind. For example, Liu Xiang's "Nine Sighs of Fate" means "full of affection". It can also be described as vast. For example, Du Mu's "Leyou Tombs" "There are no solitary birds in the sky, and they have sunk in it for ages." (Lian: Describe the vastness of the sky. )
Bleak: "Bleak" is a continuous word used to describe the sound of autumn wind. From Song Yu's "Nine Debates" and "Bleak and Decline". The poem bleak autumn wind uses its original meaning. Writing "Little Sa" again. Bleak can also be used to describe loneliness and desolation. For example, a sentence in Du Fu's "Poems on Huai": "Yu Xin was the most bitter in his life, and his poems in his later years stirred the rivers and lakes."
Brilliance: "Brilliance" means overlapping rhyme and dazzling, and can also be used to describe gorgeous words. This poem "The Stars Are Brilliant" is brilliant. Zhang Heng's "Fu Xuan" is "brilliant", brilliant: gorgeous words. And it says "rotten".
Translation:
How vast the sea is, and Jieshi Mountain stands tall by the sea.
There are many trees on Jieshi Mountain, and all kinds of grass grow luxuriantly.
The autumn wind is rustling and the waves on the sea are sky-high.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to start from this vast ocean.
The Milky Way is dotted with stars, as if it were born in this vast ocean.
Very lucky. Use singing to express your thoughts and feelings.
problem solving
This poem is selected from Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Qin Song Poetry, Volume 30.
Cao Cao's poems handed down from ancient times are Yuefu poems. It is Cao Cao's initiative to write current events with old Yuefu poems. Among Yuefu's old poems is Out of Xiamen, which belongs to harmony songs. It originated from the folk songs of the Han Dynasty, and one person sings three people. An existing ancient poem is about seeking immortality and enlightenment. Cao Cao used it to write his own political ambitions. The whole poem is divided into four chapters (called Four Solutions). The first chapter, "Watching the Sea", expresses its broad mind by writing the magnificent scenery seen by watching the sea; The second chapter "Winter October" and the third chapter "Heshuo" recorded what they saw and felt during the movement, expressing the poet's worries about social unrest and rural desolation; The fourth chapter, "Despite your longevity", describes the poet's heroic spirit of being strong and struggling. There is "Yan" before the four chapters, which is equivalent to the preface. This poem was written in the 12th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 207) when Cao Cao marched north to Wu Huan.
Enjoy 1:
In the tenth year of Jian 'an (205), Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, and Yuan Shao's sons Yuan Shang and Yuan went to Wuhuan (a branch of Donghu people). The following year, the Wuhuan people attacked Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han people. In order to eliminate border troubles and unify the north, Cao Cao led his troops to the northern expedition in May of the twelfth year of Jian 'an. In the decisive battle in August, Cao Cao won more with less. On the way to victory, he strutted and waved his whip, and climbed the Jieshi Mountain that Qin Huang and Wu Han climbed. His emotions are excited, and his thoughts are inferred. Looking at the sea was the expression of his thoughts and feelings at that time.
Looking at the Sea is the first complete landscape poem in the history of China literature, and it is also a lyric poem. It expresses its heroic feelings by writing about the magnificent scenery seen by the sea.
The poem begins with a description of Jieshi Mountain, where you climbed the mountain, pointing out that the purpose of climbing the mountain is to see the sea, which leads to the following description of the scenery you saw when you saw the sea smoothly and naturally.
The poet describes the scenery of the sea, focusing on the big picture, focusing on the majestic momentum of the vast sea and towering mountain islands, and showing the golden scenery of the sea, which is completely in line with people's habit of visiting the scenery. Then from the whole painting to the part, pull the line of sight from far to near, and look down at your feet. Although Jieshi Mountain in early autumn is still full of trees and green grass, its color, stiffness and movement are in harmony with the sea. "The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough" is also a real scene, but it is a step further than "what is water". It is what the poet sees and feels after examining it. When he saw the sea for the first time, he was completely attracted by its magnificence, and only felt that the sea was so boundless. After standing for a long time, I seem to wake up. The wind is blowing, the waves are surging, and I feel that it contains great power to shake the universe. In this way, horizontal variation occurs in straightness. From the structural point of view, it not only pushes the real writing on the front of seawater to a climax, but also naturally transitions to the virtual writing on the back.
In the last four sentences, the poet galloped his imagination and described another seascape: the sun and the moon revolved around the sky, as if rising from the embrace of the sea; The milky way across the sky in the night sky seems to originate from the sea. The sea devours the universe and embraces everything. It's really spectacular and vast. Here, the poet describes the "spiritual world" of the sea with romantic expression, so that readers can feel the vastness and magic of the sea through this virtual magnificent scenery, and at the same time feel the vastness and magic of the poet as a great politician. Therefore, this kind of scenery writing is actually lyrical and based on the scenery language.
Liu Xizai said in "A Brief Introduction to Art and Literature": "Cao Gong's heroism is enough to surpass the rest of the world, and there is no other scholar in Jian 'an. "Cao Cao is an all-powerful hero in politics, and his poems directly or indirectly express his political embrace. Looking at the sea looks like a scene, but it is actually a narrative. Take accommodation as the goal and compare yourself to the sea. He wrote in "Although the Turtle Longevity" that "an old horse crouches in the tiger, aiming at a thousand miles; Martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years, "wrote in the short song." The mountain will never be too high and the sea will never be too deep; The duke of Zhou vomited and swallowed, and the world turned to his heart, all of which reflected his great ambition of reunifying the country. This kind of heroic nature is beyond the reach of ordinary poets. This is the reason why Cao Cao's poems have artistic charm and can give people artistic enjoyment; It also has profound meaning, which can inspire people to take the initiative and enhance their confidence in victory.
Appreciation 2:
The first two paragraphs point out the position of "watching the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high above it, with a broad vision and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this.
"The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at the beginning, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.
"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The first two sentences specifically describe this mountainous island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the island is lush with trees and rich in herbs, giving people a sense of business. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, it is not as bleak and desolate as autumn. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The previous description is observed from the sea. These four sentences are related to the vast universe, presenting the momentum and strength of the sea to readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and is full of the momentum of "the five mountains start from the square". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as Looking at the Sea.
Appreciation 3:
This poem was written in the autumn of 207 in the twelfth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the summer and May of that year, the poet led the army north to Wuhuan, left Lulongsai in July and won a great victory in September. On the way, the class teacher passed by Jieshi Mountain, and the poet climbed high to look at the sea, leaving this famous piece that has been sung for generations.
Jieshi Mountain, which goes straight into the sea, stands tall. Although the festival is already late autumn, the mountains are full of vitality, lush trees and green grass. The autumn wind blows, the forest and the mountains call, and the vegetation sings; The waves in the sea are roaring and churning, and the sky wants to meet the sky. Wind helps waves, and waves are strong. A few words from "What is the water like" to "Hong Bo surges" outline a magnificent autumn color map of seamounts, with keen observation, broad vision and overall consideration, showing the author's superhuman wisdom and extraordinary knowledge.
The wind blows and waves beat, and Jieshi Mountain stands still. The mountains are high and the wind is urgent, which arouses the poet's lofty sentiments of climbing to the sea. This lofty sentiment includes the poet's politician character of leading the historical trend, daring to do things and being far-sighted; The poet stands out from the crowd without fear of difficulties and obstacles, and is firm and calm as a strategist. The lush vegetation on the mountain made the poet see many talented people and brave generals in the military account; I saw millions of heroes under his command; I saw the lively scene of soldiers and civilians celebrating the harvest in the wasteland village. The rustling autumn wind is the ringing of the battle flag; The surging waves are a spectacular sight for soldiers to break through the enemy lines when the strategic decisive battle is won. Watching and thinking about the hardships of fighting in the south and the north; The war is not over, the people are not safe, and the world is not yet unified; There are still people who criticize and obstruct their own actions ... at this time, they also come to mind. How can the poet's thoughts not surge like the sea?
After writing the mountains and seas in front of him, the poet vainly tried to switch the magnificent scene of the sea supporting the sun, the moon and the stars in different time and space periods, adding a majestic momentum to the autumn map of this seamount. This is a further expansion of the poet's heroic mind. The sun and the moon bring warmth and light to mankind, which truly contrasts the poet's grand political ambition to save the people from dire straits and unify the world. The brilliant galaxy is a vivid portrayal of the poet's civil and military integrity.
In late autumn, the vegetation on Jieshi Mountain is magnificent and full of vitality, benefiting from rich soil and water conservation. The sun, the moon, the sky and the milky way, the greatest strength of self-improvement comes from the all-inclusive sea. Mountain, majestic and beautiful; The sea is magnificent without losing weight. The political strategy of combining rigidity with softness, having both ability and political integrity, and the policy of "appointing people on their merits" are just like this mountain and this sea. With a mountain-like personality and a sea-like mind, it must be "the duke of Zhou vomits, and the world returns to his heart."
Literally, the whole poem is natural scenery, without a trace of expressing feelings. This not only embodies the poet's statesmanship of "the mountain is not too high, the water is not too deep" and "peaches and plums don't talk about things", but also embodies his ingenious artistic technique of turning "great nothingness" into "great greatness".
The autumn color map of seamounts is fascinating, and the poem "Looking at the Sea" is even more unforgettable.
Appreciation 4:
In the 12th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao made an expedition to Wuhuan, which won a great victory and basically settled the northern part of China. This poem was written by Cao Cao when he passed Jieshi Mountain on the March. It describes the vastness of the sea, shows a wonderful face, and also reflects the author's magnificent feelings. It is China's earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry.
The first two sentences describe the places to visit, and the word "view" dominates the whole article. The following is the scenery seen by looking at the sea.
From "What's the Water" to "Hong Bo Surges", I wrote what the poet saw and heard when he saw the sea. A word "he" writes the amazing expressions of tourists; Suddenly, an autumn wind blew and set off huge waves in the sky, and its momentum was even more thrilling. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; These four sentences, "If the stars are brilliant, if they are unexpected", are intertextual and have different meanings. It was the poet who wrote his feelings when he saw the sea with rich imagination. Isn't this sea that devours the universe a symbol of the poet's broad mind?
The last two sentences are added in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the text of the poem, but they have the function of strengthening emotional expression.
The important feature of this poem is to express feelings by writing scenes. Nothing in the whole poem is straightforward in describing the scenery, but we can feel the poet's extraordinary spirit from the description of the real scenery.
Brief introduction of the author
Cao Cao (155 ~ 220) was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Han offered the official position of Emperor Xian to the Prime Minister, and was later named Wang Wei. After his death, his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, honoring him as Wei Wudi. Cao Cao was a politician, strategist and important writer in the late Han Dynasty. The main achievements in literature are poetry and prose. His poems inherited the fine tradition of Yuefu folk songs reflecting reality in Han Dynasty. Some write about current events, others write about their own political ideals and lofty aspirations, and their styles are sad and generous. Prose is concise, free from the shackles of tradition in content and form, heroic and vigorous, and embodies the basic characteristics of "Jian 'an style". Cao Cao's two sons, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, also made great achievements in literature, and literary historians used to call them "Cao Shi and his son" or "Three Caos". Around them, a group of writers United to form the so-called Summer Night Literature Group. The advocacy and creation of Cao Shi and his son played an important role in promoting the development of Jian 'an literature and the formation of Jian 'an character. Cao Cao's original collection of 30 volumes has been lost. There are more than 20 Yuefu poems, more than 40 essays and Cao Cao Ji edited by Zhonghua Book Company.