Please see: In the Huai Hai Campaign, the defeat of the Kuomintang on the mainland was indeed decisive. Although the Kuomintang lost the Liaoshen Campaign and the Peace and Gold Campaign, as long as it can win the Huaihai Campaign, it can basically maintain half of the south of the Yangtze River. The failure of Huaihai Campaign doomed its complete failure in Chinese mainland. Therefore, the Huaihai Campaign should be called the decisive campaign in the decisive civil war.
In this biggest battle that decided the fate of both sides, the National Army entered the battlefield with 8 regiments and a large number of local and special forces (the National Army dispatched 800,000 troops successively), and the People's Liberation Army entered the battlefield with the most effective East China Field Army and the Central Plains Field Army (600,000 troops), as well as a large number of local armed forces and millions of former militia. Both sides have made great efforts for the battle, and history has concluded that it lasted for 65 days. Five regiments were annihilated, and more than 555,000 troops were annihilated. Chiang Kai-shek's elite troops were wiped out on the southern battlefield, and the vast areas of the Central Plains north of East China and the Yangtze River were basically liberated, making Nanjing, the reactionary ruling center of the Kuomintang, under the direct threat of the People's Liberation Army.
There are many reasons for winning or losing such a big war. Soldiers of the People's Liberation Army who participated in the war United as one, worked together and cooperated with each other very well. However, the root cause of its failure is distraction, desperate struggle and poor cooperation. The top commanders of both sides can sum it up in one sentence, "I didn't think of it."
China * * * producer leadership said it was a pot of uncooked rice, but our army ate it bite by bite (in other words, I didn't expect it to be so big, but I could still eat it), which fully proved that we had never planned such a large-scale battle before this war, and we didn't have the ability to eat so much from each other. China's military thought is "concentrate superior forces and fight a war of annihilation". Because the People's Liberation Army had not reached its superior strength before the Huaihai Campaign, in the article "General Policy of Huaihai Campaign" in mm's book, only the idea of playing in the first stage was mentioned, and there was no general plan for how to fight in the second stage, that is to say, it was not thought of.
Chiang Kai-shek, led by the national army, did not expect that they were also adjusting their layout. They incorporated the 44th Army of Lianyungang Haizhou Line into the Yellow Corps, and abandoned this line, that is, they adjusted their forces to form the right wing of Xuzhou National Army's strategic defense line, but before they were finished, they were beaten by the * * * military package. ?
Although Jiang Gong still thinks that the war is very big, he never thought that it would reach such a scale. Judging from the fact that the national army gradually increased its troops into the battlefield, the Kuomintang in China did not expect the scale of the war to be so large. Until the war has begun, the military command core of the national army in this extremely important strategic region has not been effectively formed. Herry Liu has no ability, Du is not qualified (although he has certain ability), and he lost in the northeast, so it is difficult to give orders in front of the officers of the elite national army in the downtown area; General Bai Chongxi, who is capable in the national army, said that he wanted to be commander in chief, but sometimes he could not go back on his word. In the end, only Jiang Gong was in charge of the overall situation.
Chiang Kai-shek is the head of the overall situation of the Kuomintang, and his ability to cope with the situation on a battlefield is not high. Let's talk about the troops that both sides participated in the war. The Huaihai Campaign was also the most deadly and brutal battle between the two armies in China. The National Revolutionary Army fought the hardest battle of the Huaihai Campaign, surpassing the two major battles. Although there were some organizational defections in the whole campaign, it was only at the military level at most, and it was basically an army with miscellaneous brands. Basically, all Chiang Kai-shek's own troops who participated in the war fought to the end. Even under the most unfavorable circumstances, the battle of Liaoshen did not involve the surrender of Dongguo and Shenyang, while the battle of Fu Shoubei was flat and surrendered without a fight, dropping more than 250,000 at a time.
The commanders of the two regiments of the National Revolutionary Army died in Huaihai World War I (Qiu Qingquan, commander of the second corps, and Huang, commander of the seventh corps), and dozens of people died below the commander and division commander (more than 300,000 troops were killed or injured). Their fighting determination was unique in the national civil war. The People's Liberation Army also paid a heavy price for victory. Huaihai Campaign was the one with the largest number of casualties among the three major campaigns, and its casualties exceeded the sum of the other two campaigns (more than 60,000 casualties in Liaoshen and more than 30,000 casualties in Ping Jin) (reaching an astonishing 1.4 million). ?
The commanders of the two sides' war zones and the General Front Committee of the People's Liberation Army were among them, including Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Su Yu, the best military leader of the People's Liberation Army. The command system is strong, the campaign and tactical measures are well combined, and the cooperation of all parties has played a huge, key and decisive role. On the other hand, the command system of the national army is slow and weak, and the synergy is too small. Although the air force fought bravely in the war, the ministries were unable to cooperate strongly all the time, which led to the failure of the desperate struggle between the ministries. ?
The first stage of the battle is the most tense, which can best reflect the fighting will and cooperation level of both sides. After He Jifeng and two generals in the Kuomintang army prepared to lead the uprising in Taierzhuang and Jiawang areas, the troops of the East China Field Army quickly cut off the retreat of the Yellow Corps through their defense zones, and the Yellow Corps desperately resisted and fought to the death, while Qiu Qingquan and the Guojun Corps rushed to the east from Xuzhou. While fighting the main force of Huang, the East China Field Army had to block the enemy's aid with strong forces, facing great danger of being attacked by the national army, and the Corps came to help.
The Central Plains Field Army stormed from the west of Xuzhou (that is, Xuzhou Left Front) to block the Hua Ye troops at the front line of Bengbu against the northward advance of Li and Liu Corps, and advanced rapidly with the first corps of Huang Wei, with the main force storming Zhanggongdian and the Kaifeng-Xuzhou section of Longhai Line, intimidating Xuzhou, forcing the national army to adjust its defense strategic hub, Sun Corps of Suxian County, and increase its defense against Xuzhou. On the other hand, Nakano troops stormed Su Xian, the strategic point of occupying the national army, disrupted the strategic cooperation of the national army in one fell swoop, drove the national army to a dead end (divided into several large pieces, unable to form a joint force), and strangled the Huaihai National Army. The tactical cooperation of the PLA participating troops has reached a high level, which shows that the PLA has played a very high role in fighting and coordination under the leadership and command of the General Front Committee. ?
However, as soon as the Yellow Corps was besieged, the national army took very good rescue measures: Qiu Qingquan and the Corps from Xuzhou joined forces to rescue the Yellow Corps eastward, Sun Corps defended Xuzhou, Huang Wei Mechanized Corps suddenly assisted, and Liu Ruming Corps reinforced the attack from Bengbu to support Huang Weihe to support Xuzhou. Its overall combat posture is very good, and it has become a passive posture.
However, the battlefield command and coordination of the national army are very problematic. Qiu and Li Corps, who saved the East, did not do their best. Their tail of the national salvation army was next to Xuzhou, and they dared not boldly attack the East with all their strength. Li Yannian and Liu Ruming Corps, which reinforced from Bengbu to the north, did not attack the north with all their strength, which made the national rescue strategy unable to form a joint force. Huang Wei Corps, which was only supported by the middle road assault, stormed to the vicinity of Suxian County, putting strong pressure on the field army in the Central Plains and approaching Xuzhou, which made General Su Yu of Hua Ye feel very nervous. ?
In fact, it is impossible for Huang Wei's National Army Corps 12 to break through the defense line of the Central Plains Field Army and reach Xuzhou. However, the brave attack of the Huang Wei Corps achieved an important strategic goal: forcing the Nakano troops to completely intercept the battle and never bullying Xuzhou from the west again, so that Du could use Qiu, Li and Sun to fully assist the Huang Corps in the east. However, Du, a famous young soldier of the National Army, failed to do so and lost a very rare opportunity. If the national army does this, the corps may rescue Huang and rewrite the fate of failure.
Worried about the military pressure to the west of Xuzhou, the National Army's East Aid Force failed to launch a powerful attack to the east, unable to break through the sniper of the East China Field Army, and finally watched Huang die. -The Yellow Corps was wiped out because it failed to do its best to rescue it, which was the first defeat point of the national army in this campaign. And because Li Yannian and Liu Ruming Corps didn't fully reinforce the attack from Bengbu to the north to support stevie hoang Corps to meet stevie hoang, stevie hoang Corps became alone. If Huang's regiment is annihilated, it will be easily besieged.
This is the second defeat point of the national army in this battle. Later, after the East China Field Army annihilated the Yellow Corps, the Central Plains Field Army immediately launched a panic attack on the Corps, and the Corps was indeed surrounded by the Central Plains Field Army. It can be seen from the memoirs of many people concerned at that time that the siege of Huang Wei Legion was caused by Huang Wei himself. Originally, in the early days when Nakano troops surrounded Huang Wei Corps, the powerful encirclement position surrounded by Huang Wei Corps was not formed, and it was entirely possible to make a desperate breakthrough with the ability of Huang Wei Corps. However, Huang Wei listened to the geomantic calculation and thought that the double piles were well assembled and held. He had to wait for other countries' troops to approach him and save him. As a military commander commanding1.2000 elite mechanical national army, it is unbelievable that he should joke about national affairs and soldiers' lives. Moreover, when the Corps made a strong breakthrough, there was almost no decent cooperation between the Du Corps in the north and the Liu Ruming Corps, which was reinforced from Bengbu to the north. Why did stevie hoang Corps suddenly go out? In the second stage of the battle, the PLA changed roles from the first stage. In the first stage, the East China Field Army took the main attack, and the Central Plains Field Army fully cooperated, contained and clamped down, and annihilated the national army in many directions, which played a vital strategic synergy; In the second stage, the Central Plains Field Army took the main attack, and the East China Field Army fully cooperated to block, divide and encircle the national army, which also played a decisive strategic coordination and synergy. In these two stages of role transformation, the five leaders of the General Front Committee played a great role and established immortal feats.