Peng Duanshu (about 1699—— about 1779) was born in Shanling, Sichuan. During the Yongzheng period, he was a scholar and served as a doctor in the official department. Shuntian (now Beijing) once passed the provincial examination and served as an examiner. After resigning, I went home and gave lectures at Jinjiang College in Sichuan. He was a famous litterateur in Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, and he was also called the three gifted scholars in Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty with Li, Li and Li.
He is the author of Baihetang Collection and Xueji, formerly known as Sons and Nephews of Xueji.
Peng Duanshu was clever since he was a child, and he could write at the age of ten. He and his younger brothers Peng and Peng Zunlu became "teachers and friends" at the foot of weizi, and their classmates studied hard for six years. His later achievements depend not on innate talent, but mainly on acquired efforts. He once wrote a famous essay "Show your sons and nephews for learning", saying that there are two monks in Sichuan, one is poor and the other is rich. The poor monk said to the rich monk, "I want to make a pilgrimage to the South China Sea." The rich monk asked, "Why did you go?" The poor monk replied, "I take a bottle and a bowl." The rich monk said, "I've wanted to rent a boat for several years, but it hasn't come true so far." Why do you go! " The next year, the poor monk came back from the South China Sea and told the rich monk. The rich monk was deeply ashamed. This story vividly and concisely discusses the difficulty of doing anything, the dialectical relationship between subjectivity and objectivity, and especially emphasizes that they can be transformed, and the condition for transformation is people's subjective spirit of hard work and tenacious struggle. It was from the ascetic that Peng Duanshu realized the universal truth. Therefore, the work is very hard. He said, "How difficult is it in the world? For it, it is easy and difficult; If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people. Is it difficult for people to learn? Learned, difficult people will be easy; If you don't learn, it's easy and difficult. "
In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Peng Duanshu was awarded the senior high school entrance examination; In the eleventh year of Yongzheng, he was admitted to the imperial examinations, entered the official career, served as the official minister, and moved to the Ministry as the foreign minister and doctor. In the 12th year of Qianlong (1747), Peng Duanshu was admitted to the rural examination in Shuntian (now Beijing). Gan Long has been an inspector in Zhaoluo Road Department for 20 years. At that time, Zhao Luodao was "the mouth of three rivers, and the screen of five States was the most important place", which showed that the court valued and trusted him. As soon as he arrived, he used the word "Qing Zhu" to encourage himself, so up and down, officials and people liked it. He is an important town controlled by officials appointed by the court. However, when he travels for discussion and visits, he cuts clothes and clothes, putting an end to the ostentation and extravagance of crowding round and escorting. It is also forbidden to severely punish offenders who "greet and feed", which is deeply "wronged by the government and the people." Especially for those who have knowledge, he personally evaluates and does what he can, "making great achievements"; For civil disputes and criminal proceedings, "it is necessary to correct them and make them peaceful." Because he can listen to lectures widely, understand people's feelings, weigh things according to the case, try according to law, and find out more than 3,000 old cases of Chen Ji in counties where Zhao Luodao belongs within ten days, which makes court officials "deeply rely on". Peng Duanshu was an official in Guangdong for about 67 years, which was the most prominent period in his life.
During his tenure as an official, Peng Duanshu made every effort to make progress, determined to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, reported to the court, and calmed the people's hearts, instead of doing nothing all his life. However, at that time, the Qing dynasty had already entered the DPRK. During the Qianlong period, the people were extremely rich, and the economy and culture also showed a prosperous scene. Class contradictions, ethnic contradictions and struggles within the ruling class became increasingly acute and complicated. In the process of serving as an official for many years, Peng Duanshu saw the social reality that people's livelihood was difficult under the surface prosperity of the Qing Dynasty, the intrigue in the officialdom, the ambition and success of the supreme ruler, and gradually bred a kind of resentment and melancholy, and the thought of passive seclusion gradually developed. On the way to supervise the transportation of Dashi to western Guangdong, he slipped and fell into the water. Although he survived, he thought it was a sign of impending disaster. He sighed: "If people are not satisfied with their career, they should be condemned. Who will squeeze them? " ! I won't be buried in the belly of a fish today, the sky is thicker than mine. What can I expect? "Guangdong resigned and returned to Shu.
After returning to Shu, he became the bishop of Jinjiang Academy and began his lifelong teaching and educating career. Jinjiang Academy is the highest institution of learning at the provincial level established by Liu, the provincial judge of Sichuan Province, on the former site of Wengshi Poetry in Chengdu in the 43rd year of Kangxi (1704). Students are selected from scholars and above in the province. The tuition and living expenses of students are provided by the school land allocated by the Qing government. There are about 200 students in the school. Li Tiaoyuan, a famous scholar, was a student of this school. After giving lectures at Jinjiang College in Peng Duanshu, he devoted himself to teaching and educating people with his extensive knowledge in his later years. At this time, he was extremely tired of his official career, and even regretted his passion for fame and fortune, and he accidentally went astray. He said in the poem "Send the Bell to Sing": "Tired donkeys disappear from the sun and the moon, and officials are thin; In order to get rid of the fetters, Hongyan swam across the sea. "Until he died of old age, Peng Duanshu devoted the last 20 years of his life to Sichuan's culture and education. He clearly recorded in the poem "Cold Food in the 1898 Movement": "Jinjiang is twenty years late, and cold food is well known. "This vividly describes the time and mood of his speech at the college.
Peng Duanshu devoted himself to poetry all his life, and he always insisted on being a "poet". Wei, the literary left and history are all extremely subtle. "But on the road of literature, he had a tortuous experience. He said in the preface of "Poems Written by Baihetang in His Later Years": "I spent my whole life trying to make myself meaningful. Forty years is ancient prose, five years is a collection, and nearly fifty years is poetry, which has been 25 years. " "Righteousness" is human shares. Visible, Peng Duanshu before the age of fifty, mainly devoted to stereotyped writing and ancient prose. Although he was "proficient in ancient prose", he dared not and could not "make mistakes" under the pressure of the autocratic rule of the Qing court and the "literary inquisition". The eight-part essay that bound his thoughts also hindered his development in literature. It was not until he was nearly fifty years old that some of his works showed the spirit of radical progress. A profound and stable trend is inspiring and instructive.
Peng Duanshu's experience as an official made him have a deep understanding of the reality of social livelihood, so he expressed his full sympathy for poor farmers in his poems. Whenever there is a poor harvest in famine years and the hungry people have no clothes or food, he is always worried. He wrote angrily in the poem "Summer Town": "Su Gui is like a pearl, and it was flooded the next year. Men and women are more pigeon-shaped, and fish and shrimp are really life. " In the poem July 16th, I also expressed my deep admiration for the poor farmers who have worked hard for many years.
Peng Duanshu's landscape poems are very sentimental. For example, "Qingming Festival" written by Jinjiang Spring: "Stepping out of Guo Xixing is a thrilling festival. Flowers can eat cold rain, and old cuckoos sing in spring. Every village is beautiful and full of new smoke. The scenery in Jincheng is good, and there is no such nostalgia. If I hadn't visited the suburbs of Chengdu several times in spring, such a sentimental poem would never have come true.
Peng Duanshu wrote many books in his life, but unfortunately, many of them have been lost. He and his brothers Peng and Peng Zunling were both born in the capital. They were both famous for their writing at that time and were once called "Shan Ling San Peng". Of course, among the "Three Pengs", Peng Duanshu is the most famous and influential. There are Collected Works of Baihetang, Poems on Snowy Nights, Poems in Later Years, etc.
Peng Duanshu lived for eighty-one years and was buried in Luojiashan, a public welfare field in pengshan county. This is still a graveyard.