It is clearly stipulated in the operation of the ship that the wave-facing state of the ship is determined by the size of the wave and the condition of the ship, which is generally divided into the head wave and the tail wave. But no matter whether the head or tail meets the waves, no one wants to break the waves! In rough seas, cross waves are a very dangerous navigation state. Even if the ship conditions permit, the ship will shake violently, causing the people on board to feel unwell.
1, a ship with a short hull, a forward bow and a high forecastle is more conducive to sailing against the wind and waves, and is convenient to operate. However, when the bow is against the wind and waves, when it is found that the pitching is intensified and there is a heading phenomenon, the heading can be at an appropriate angle (about 20 degrees) with the wind and waves. If you sail against the wind and waves for a long time, in order to make the hull evenly stressed, the bow can be subjected to waves from left to right in turn, and try to keep the original course to avoid being crushed by the wind and waves and causing danger.
When the captain doesn't know enough about the seakeeping performance of the ship, it's best for the bow to sail against the top wave. If you can't avoid the danger after taking measures, you should immediately turn to sail with the wave. Because of the long and large hull, large ships are not conducive to sailing against the top waves, and can sail with the waves, which is relatively safe.
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Top wave stagnation
When the severity of the wind and waves seriously endangers the safety of the ship, it should stay at a low speed that can only maintain the rudder effect. When the ship is stranded, it is in a state of slow progress, stagnation or slight retreat, which is conducive to alleviating the phenomena of pitch, roll, bottom slapping and deck waves, so that the ship can safely weather the rough period. During the stagnation period, we should adjust the course according to the change of wind direction, keep the best wind and wave angle, adjust the speed, keep the rudder effect, and add the rudder in time to keep the bow posture and avoid being hit by the side.
When the captain of the ship is long or the freeboard of the bow is high, and the leeward sea area is insufficient, it is most beneficial to use the top wave stagnation point.
Drift with the tide
When the wind and waves are too strong to bear the impact of the waves, if the leeward waters are wide, you can consider sailing with the stern tilted. Sailing along the waves reduces the relative speed of the waves to the ship and greatly relieves the impact of the waves. For ships that can maintain a high speed, it is beneficial to get rid of the wind and waves and enter the sheltered waters as soon as possible.
When sailing along the waves, the course stability is poor, small ships or ships with a length less than the wavelength have serious tail flick, and even the hull is scratched. When the ship speed is close to the wave speed, the lateral stability of small ships will drop sharply at the peak. When yawing occurs in sailing along the waves, it is usually necessary to get on the ship with a large rudder angle to overcome yawing, and sometimes it is necessary to adjust the ship speed to change the relationship between ship speed and wave speed.
Small ships can also use the tail to tow objects (such as sea anchors, large cables, etc.). ) to improve the stability of the course. If the sea anchor is towed, the anchor cable should have sufficient strength and be folded with the first anchor cable or multi-strand mooring cable. It is necessary to adjust the length of submarine cable to avoid the anchor sticking out of the water. Especially when the ship slides down the wave crest, the sea anchor should be in the back slope water of the next wave crest, otherwise the sea anchor will be exposed out of the water, and the anchor cable will be loose, which may cause the stern to sway and capsize.
When sailing along the waves, ships with low freeboard at the stern are prone to enter the water at the stern. Therefore, ships or small ships with low stern and large stern inclination should avoid sailing with the waves.