The depth of Mariana Trench below sea level has exceeded the highest elevation of Mount Everest.
The Mariana Trench is located at 1 120' north latitude and 142 1 1.5' east longitude, that is, the bottom of the Pacific Ocean near the Mariana Islands in the northeast Philippines, between the Asian continent and Australia, from Iwo Jima in the north and Yap Island in the southwest. There are trenches such as Aleutian, Thousand Islands, Japanese and Kogasawara in the north, and trenches such as New Britain and New Hebrides in the south, with a total length of 2,550 kilometers, an arc shape, an average width of 70 kilometers, and most of the water depths are over 8,000 meters. The deepest point is in Fizez Haiyuan, 1 1095 meters, which is the deepest point on the earth. It is estimated that this trench has been formed for 60 million years, and it is part of a series of trenches under the western Pacific Ocean.
The deepest place on earth is next to Japan, which is the Mariana Trench, with a total length of 2,550 kilometers and an average width of 70 kilometers. It has been found that the deepest place is 1 1034 meters, which is the deepest place in the global ocean and one of the few forbidden areas for human beings.
The Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean in the world, with an average depth of over 3,900 meters, and the Mariana Trench is the highest in the Pacific Ocean. In 1950s and 1960s, the former Soviet Union first measured the deepest depth of this sea area as11034m (3,6201ft), and then Britain and the United States made measurements here, confirming the deepest place in the world. The deepest depth measured in Britain and America is about 10900 meters, and the data measured in the former Soviet Union is considered inaccurate because it has never been reproduced again. However, this year, China Endeavour successfully landed in the Mariana Trench, and the measured depth was 10909 m, which was similar to that once measured by Britain and the United States, but the results measured by the former Soviet Union were also close. Originally called Mariana Trough, because this place is a huge sunken deep ditch, similar to an inverted mountain shape.
The Mariana Trench is so deep because it lies between the Eurasian continent and the Pacific plate. Due to the activity of magma under the earth's mantle, the plates also have strong convection movement, and the magma is very viscous, which has a strong impact on the crust and leads to the movement of the crust. The two continents are adjacent to each other. Because of the high rock density and low position, the ocean plate dives under the continental plate and bends downward. At the joint, due to the huge friction of rocks, the continental plate is also pulled down, thus forming a huge island arc structure. The Japanese archipelago was formed in this collision, which also created the deepest sea area in the world, with a length of more than 2,000 kilometers, a width of more than 70 kilometers, or about 6,000 kilometers.
The depth of the trench measured in different countries is not consistent, which may be due to the trench itself besides different detection techniques. The current trend is that the Pacific plate is still subducting under the continental plate, so Japan's island arc structure will continue to rise, and Japan's area may be further expanded in the future, instead of Japan sinking in an epicenter. This subduction trend will also change the depth of the trench. Although its depth is not obvious now, it should still be changing, so the measured data will be different, but the difference is not bad. At present, the measured depth is about 1 1000 meters. In the future, this subduction trend may stop or even reverse, that is, the development of Mariana Trench may be completely different.
There is a huge deep ditch on the African continent, which is the famous Rift Valley in East Africa. In the future, there will be no trend of plate compression and continental fold deformation in the separation of the two plates. After pulling open, a deep trench may be pulled out on the basis of Mariana Trench to form a deeper ocean.
The difference between the highest mountain and the deepest sea is not a little. In front of Mariana Trench, Mount Everest is a dwarf.
7 1% Our earth is covered by seawater and divided into four oceans, namely, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. The ocean area of the four oceans is as high as 36 165438+ 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for 7 1% of the global total area (the earth's surface area is 565438+ 10,000 square kilometers), while the land area is only about1490,000 square kilometers.
Among the four oceans, the Pacific Ocean (179.68 million square kilometers) is the largest, accounting for 49.8% of the global ocean area (Atlantic Ocean accounts for 26%, Indian Ocean accounts for 20%, Arctic Ocean accounts for 4.2%), and the other three oceans are slightly larger than the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is not only large and simple, but also the deepest ocean in the world (with an average depth of about 4028 meters), with the largest number of islands. World-famous island countries such as Japan, Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea are all located in the Pacific Ocean, among which Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with as many as 17508 islands, with a total area of 19 1.
Together, the three oceans, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, are only slightly larger than the Pacific Ocean. The land of seven continents (65.438+0.49 billion square kilometers in total) can't fill the whole Pacific Ocean, which shows that the area of the Pacific Ocean is far beyond our imagination. The Pacific Ocean is not only large, but also the deepest ocean in the world, with an average depth of 4028 meters. Although up to now, our understanding of the four oceans is only superficial, and there are still many unknown targets to be discovered in this vast underwater world, from the known marine discoveries, it is certain for the time being that the Fichaz Sea in the Mariana Trench is the deepest known ocean.
Mariana Trench, also called Marjana Trench. It is located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean near the Mariana Islands in the northeast of Southeast Asian island countries, starting from Iwo Jima under the jurisdiction of Japan in the north and reaching Yapo Island, an affiliated island of Micronesia in the southwest of Oceania in the west. This is one of the most complex sea areas in the Pacific Ocean. From north to south, submarine gullies crisscross, and the depth is generally more than 5000 meters. Mariana Trench has Aleutian Islands, Thousand Islands and Ogasawara Islands in the north, and New Britain and New Hebrides Trenches in the south. It is estimated that this once long trench was formed in an underground earthquake 60 million years ago.
Mariana Trench is very long, with a total length of 2550 kilometers. However, despite the unremitting efforts of scientists all over the world, only the Fichaz Sea has been measured at present, tentatively designated as the deepest in the Pacific Ocean and the deepest in the earth's ocean, with a terrible depth of 1 1034 meters, which is unmatched by any height on the earth's land. If Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, is placed at the bottom of Mariana Trench, the peak can't even emerge from the water. The challenge of mankind to the seabed and mountains is full of all kinds of dangers. Lack of oxygen in the mountains will kill people, and the bottom of the sea is even more terrible. The huge water pressure is unbearable for any ordinary person.
Since1June, 960, scientists successfully dived to the bottom of the trench on the "Trieste" deep-sea submarine for the first time, we have greatly broadened our understanding of the ocean. 20 14, 14 In February, scientists found a fish at the bottom of the Mariana Trench 8 145 meters, which was nearly 500 meters deeper than the previous record. It turns out that there are creatures living in the deep sea that the sun will never shine on, and living in the harsh seabed environment where the water pressure is high enough to make people die immediately.
For the Mariana Trench, its research is as hot as that of the North and South Poles. Among them, the diving depth of Haidu No.1 unmanned submersible independently developed by China in Mariana Trench reached an astonishing depth of10767m, making it one of the few countries in the world that independently developed unmanned submersible with diving depth exceeding10000m. 10000 meters has always been considered as a taboo place for human beings to go deep into the ocean, but China has broken through this world problem. Since then, China's deep diving expedition has entered the era of 10,000 meters, and 10,000 meters is no longer an insurmountable number for China's deep-sea expedition.
This question may be unknown to many people. If you ask where is the highest mountain on earth? Maybe everyone will know that it is Mount Everest, the highest mountain on land in Shanghai, with a height of 8848 meters. But where is the deepest part of the ocean? How deep it is, many people may not know!
The deepest ocean on earth is in the Pacific Ocean east of the Japanese archipelago. Open the map and you will know that there is the deepest trench in the Pacific Ocean not far east of Japan, called Mariana Trench, with a depth of over 1 1000 meters, a length of 2,550 kilometers and an average width of 70 kilometers. It is the deepest ocean on earth!
Why is there such a deep trench in this place? This is caused by the collision between the Pacific plate and the Asian continental plate. At present, the Pacific plate is still squeezing under the Asian continental plate every year, and the Asian continental plate will continue to rise every year.
Because the two plates collide here, the crust here is very active, so earthquakes often occur in this area. The Japanese archipelago, Taiwan Province Island and the Philippines all belong to the earthquake zone, so we often hear earthquakes in these places!
Mariana Trench
Also known as "Mariana Islands Trench", it is the deepest trench on the earth at present. The trench is located at the bottom of the western North Pacific Ocean, near the eastern Mariana Islands in Guam. Trench is a convergent subduction zone of two plates, where the Pacific plate subducts under the Philippine plate (or subdivided mariana plate).
If you ask, "which is the highest mountain in the world?" Everyone must know that it is Mount Everest. Mount Qomolangma, known as the "roof of the world", is 8848.86 meters above sea level. It is located in the middle part of the Himalayas at the border between Xizang Autonomous Region and Nepal, in Dingri County, People's Republic of China (PRC) in the north and in the Democratic Republic of Nepal in the south. Its coordinates are 27 59 ′ 65 438+07 ″ north latitude and 86 55 ′ 365 438+0 ″ east longitude.
Seven continents and four oceans on the earth.
The earth's surface area is about 5 1 100 million square kilometers, of which the land area accounts for about 29% of the earth's surface area, with an area of149 million square kilometers; The ocean area accounts for 7 1% of the earth's surface area, with an area of 36 1 100 million square kilometers. The land of the world is divided into seven continents, and the area is arranged from big to small, followed by Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania. The oceans on the earth's surface are divided into four oceans, arranged from large to small, followed by the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.
Reasons for the formation of Mariana Trench
Among them, the maximum length of the Pacific Ocean from north to south is about 15900 km, and the maximum width from east to west is about 109900 km. The total area is 6.5438+0.7868 million square kilometers, accounting for one third of the earth's surface area and half of the world's ocean area. The seawater capacity of the Pacific Ocean is 70765438+ million cubic kilometers, ranking first in the world. The average depth is 3957m, and the maximum depth is11034m. There are 6 trenches over 10,000 meters in the world, all of which are concentrated in the Pacific Ocean. One of the deepest trenches, the Mariana Trench, is the deepest ocean in the world. There are trenches such as Aleutian, Thousand Islands, Japanese and Kogasawara in the north, and trenches such as New Britain and New Hebrides in the south.
Mariana Trench, also called Mariana Trench, mbth: Mariana Trench. Located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean near the Mariana Islands in the northeastern Philippines, between the Asian continent and Australia, it starts from Iwo Jima in the north and reaches Yapo Island in the southwest. It is estimated that the Mariana Trench has been formed for 60 million years. It is a part of a series of trenches on the ocean floor of the western Pacific Ocean, with a total length of 2,550 kilometers and an arc shape with an average width of 70 kilometers. Fitz Haiyuan (also known as Challenger Haiyuan) is-1 1034 meters, which is the deepest point on the earth. Some theories believe that the formation of deep-sea trenches is mainly due to the serious depression of the earth's crust. It is generally believed that the Pacific plate collided with the Eurasian plate. Because of the high density and low position of the Pacific plate, it dived under the Eurasian plate and gradually melted into the mantle and disappeared. Trenches will form where collisions occur, and island arcs and coastal mountains will often form near the mainland.
Debate on the Depth of Mariana Trench
11.034m depth was measured by Russian plane Vitaz on 1957, and it was named as "Mariana deep depression". 1960 65438+1October, American scientists took the "Trieste" deep-sea submersible for the first time and successfully dived into the Mariana Trench for the first time for scientific investigation. At the bottom of the trench, there is a huge water pressure as high as 1 100 atmospheric pressure, and there are creatures. Such a deep depth and pressure is a great challenge for mankind. Since then, the data about the depth of the Mariana Trench have been constantly revised by new records. For example, in 195 1 year, the British ship Challenger 8 discovered this trench, and the depth detected at that time was 10836 meters. At 1962, the Russian motor vehicle "Spencer Fulton Baird" measured the deepest 10 and 915m. 1984, the Japanese sent the high-energy professional exploration vehicle "Tuoyang" into the Mariana Trench, and the maximum depth measured was15438+0,040,438+0 meters. The most accurate record is the depth10,911m measured by the Japanese probe "Trench" on March 24th, 0995. In foreign countries, the depth of Mariana Trench is generally 10924 meters, such as CIA and World Survey.
Comparison of data between Fizez Haiyuan and Mount Everest
Mariana Trench, the deepest trench in the world, has a depth of11034m, while the highest peak in the world is 8848.86m.. Suppose we move Mount Qomolangma to Fechaz Haiyuan, we won't see the top of Mount Qomolangma! The depth of Fizez Plateau is 1.25 times the height of Homaranma Peak. The height of Mount Qomolangma in history is as high as12000m. If the peak time of Mount Qomolangma is compared with Fichaz Haiyuan, it can still be exposed to the sea for a certain distance, which is of course a thing of the past.
So do you know the depth of other oceans in the world except Mariana Trench? From one to fourteen, we will learn one by one:
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean in the world, with the most marginal seas and islands, with an average depth of 3,957m and a maximum depth of11034m. The deepest part of the ocean is the Mariana Trench-11034m.
The Indian Ocean is the third ocean in the world, and its average depth is second only to that of the Pacific Ocean, with an average depth of 3839.9 meters and the deepest point of 9074 meters.
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world, with an average depth of 3,627 meters, and the deepest Puerto Rico trench is as deep as 92 19 meters.
The Arabian Sea lies between the Horn of Africa and South Asia and is a part of the Indian Ocean. The average depth of the Arabian Sea is 2734 meters, and the deepest point is 5203 meters.
Tasman sea is located in the west of New Zealand and the east of Australia. It is the marginal sea of the southwest Pacific Ocean, with a maximum depth of 5,943 meters and an average depth of 2,705 meters.
Caribbean Sea is a tropical Atlantic Ocean in the Western Hemisphere, with a maximum depth of 7680m and an average depth of 249 1 m..
Coral Sea is located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, with a maximum depth of 9175m and an average depth of 2394m.
The Sea of Japan lies between the Pacific Northwest, the Asian continent and the Japanese archipelago. China was called Whale Sea in ancient times, with a maximum depth of 3742m and an average depth of1752m.
Bering Sea is located in the waters at the northern end of the Pacific Ocean. It separates the Asian continent (northeast Siberia) from the North American continent (Alaska). The average water depth1636m, and the maximum water depth is 4773m.
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea area between Europe, Asia and Africa. The deepest part is the Ionian Basin in southern Greece, with an average depth of1.450m. It is also the largest intercontinental sea in the world.
The Black Sea is a inland sea between Europe and Asia. Located inland, the maximum depth is 22 10/0m, and the average depth is12710m, which looks like an ellipse.
The Arctic Ocean is located in the northernmost part of the earth, and most of its waters are in the Arctic Circle. It is one of the four oceans of the earth. The maximum depth of the Arctic Ocean is 5449 meters, with an average depth of 1225 meters. It is also the only uninhabited ocean in the world.
The South China Sea is located in the south of Chinese mainland, with the deepest point of 5559 meters and the average depth of 12 12 meters. The South China Sea is the largest offshore area in China.
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea in the northwest Pacific Ocean, with a maximum depth of 352 1 m and an average depth of 839 meters.
The deepest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean, and the deepest place in the Pacific Ocean is the Mariana Trench.
Mariana Trench, also known as "Mariana Islands Trench", is the deepest trench on earth at present. It is located at the bottom of the western North Pacific Ocean, near the eastern Mariana Islands in Guam. It is a subduction zone of two plates, and the Pacific plate subducted under the Philippine plate (or subdivided mariana plate).
The depth of Mariana Trench below sea level far exceeds the height of Mount Everest. The Mariana Trench is located at 1 120' north latitude and 142 1 1.5' east longitude, that is, the bottom of the Pacific Ocean near the Mariana Islands in the northeast Philippines, between the Asian continent and Australia, from Iwo Jima in the north and Yap Island in the southwest. There are trenches such as Aleutian, Thousand Islands, Japanese and Kogasawara in the north, and trenches such as New Britain and New Hebrides in the south, with a total length of 2,550 kilometers, an arc shape, an average width of 70 kilometers, and most of the water depths are over 8,000 meters. The deepest point is in Fizez Haiyuan,11034m, which is the deepest point on the earth. It is estimated that this trench has been formed for 60 million years, and it is part of a series of trenches under the western Pacific Ocean. In February, 20 14, scientists discovered a fish at the Mariana Trench 145 meters, which broke the record of fish's marine habitat depth.
There is a saying in Mariana Trench that the maritime boundary between Asia and Oceania is Mariana Trench (the land is New Guinea). Others say that the Arafura Sea is their border. But in fact, the boundary between Asia and Oceania has not yet been determined.
Most high school textbooks adopt Alafrahai's theory.
Mariana Trench has Aleutian Islands, Thousand Islands, Japanese and Kogasawara Trenches in the north, and New Britain and New Hebrides Trenches in the south. It has a total length of 2550 kilometers and an arc shape with an average width of 70 kilometers. Most of the water depth exceeds 6000 meters. The deepest part is in the Fizez Plateau, with a depth of11034m, which is the deepest area on the earth.
If Mount Qomolangma, the world's highest peak, is placed at the bottom of the ditch, the peak will not emerge from the water.
Mariana trench!