Four season chives are very popular among vegetable farmers, so how to plant them? The following is what I carefully arranged for you. Let's have a l
Four season chives are very popular among vegetable farmers, so how to plant them? The following is what I carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.
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Onion planting method
Planting method of four-season onion
Planting method of onion
Planting method of four-season leek
I. Biological characteristics
The four-season onion plants are erect and clustered, with a plant height of 30-40 cm, a white pseudostem, a cylinder, a length of 6-8 cm, a diameter of about 0.6 cm, a plant weight of 3-4 g, green leaves, less wax powder, strong tillering ability, fast growth, weak flowering and strong fragrance. Chinese chives are cold-tolerant, fertilizer-tolerant, adaptable, and can grow all year round. The optimum temperature for plant growth is 15-25 degrees. Chives do not require high soil conditions. It can be planted in sandy loam, clay loam, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline soil, but it is not suitable for continuous cropping for many years, nor for grafting with other onions and garlic vegetables. After general planting 1-2 years, replanting is needed. Leek has shallow root distribution, weak absorption and is not drought-tolerant, so attention should be paid to keeping the soil moist during cultivation. Leek needs weak light, and strong light can easily lead to tissue aging, increased fiber and poor quality.
Second, the cultivation techniques
1, Miao. Welsh onion is a poor flowering and fruiting variety, which is generally cultivated in separate plants. Therefore, the seedling raising of scallion is to sow in the field with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, strengthen the management of water, fertilizer and diseases and insect pests during the period, and transplant the plants when the scallion seedlings are flourishing.
2. Datian preparation. It is advisable to choose fields with flat terrain, good drainage, fertile soil and far away from "three wastes". After selecting the land, we should carefully prepare the soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer must be fully decomposed farm manure, 2000-3000 kg per mu, plus 30-35 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or 40 kg of compound fertilizer. Fertilizer should not be applied too deeply, but generally should be applied to the depth of 10. Then make a frame, the frame height is 20-25 cm, the frame width is 1.2- 1.5 m, and the "three grooves" are well matched, which can charge and discharge energy.
Step 3 plant. Leek is usually cultivated by transplanting plants. Before planting, seedlings should be screened and graded, and diseased plants, residual plants, weak plants and loose onions should be eliminated. Primary and secondary seedlings should be selected for planting. Leek can be planted all year round, and the planting density is different at different planting times. In general, the planting row spacing is 15-20cm, and the hole spacing is.
4. Water and fertilizer management. Chinese chives are less competitive with weeds because of their shallow root distribution, weak absorption capacity, intolerance to concentrated fertilizer and drought. Therefore, in the management of water and fertilizer, it is necessary to often irrigate a small amount to keep the soil moist. Generally, water should be poured once every 7 days, and combined with topdressing, 65,438+00% decomposed dilute manure water or 0.5% urea dilute fertilizer water 65,438+0,000-65,438+0,500 kg can be used per mu. After leek is planted and survived, it can generally produce tillers again.
5, pest control. The prevention and control of leek diseases and insect pests should be based on the principle of prevention first and comprehensive management, using agricultural control, physical control and biological control, reducing the use of chemical pesticides and adopting pollution-free control.
The main diseases that harm onion in four seasons are gray mold, downy mildew and blight. The control of leek diseases should be controlled by spraying chemicals at seedling stage and early stage. Chemical agents used to prevent downy mildew and epidemic diseases include: aluminum phosphinate, metalaxyl, manganese zinc, dimethomorph, zinc, manganese zinc substitutes and so on. There are thiophanate-methyl, triadimefon and carbendazim for controlling gray mold. In order to increase the adhesion of drugs, a proper amount of auxiliary materials can be added to the liquid medicine.
The main pests that harm leek are onion fly, liriomyza sativae, beet armyworm, onion thrips, aphids and so on. Insect control should be done well in the early stage of larval growth, and chlorpyrifos, high chlorine, phoxim or irrigation can be used to control ground flies. To control liriomyza sativae and Spodoptera exigua, drugs should be used in time 3 days before the drug is used, and at night. Drugs include avermectin and tretinoin. In order to control thrips and aphids, pymetrozine, acetamiprid and imidacloprid can be used.
Key points of planting leek in four seasons and stubble arrangement
* * *1* * Onion: Transplanted from last year's 1 1 to February of the following year, and harvested from early April to mid-late May, which can be cultivated with plastic film mulching and marketed early.
***2*** Onion: Transplanted from May to June for seed protection of summer and autumn seedlings, with an area of 4,000 square meters per mu for autumn seedlings. In summer, sunshade nets can be used for cultivation or interplanting tall crops between rows, which can supply the market in short supply in summer.
***3*** Autumn onion: generally transplanted from the first ten days of August to the middle ten days of September, and marketed from the middle ten days of 10 to the first ten days of the following year 10. The temperature of autumn onion is high when transplanting, so you can sprinkle some wheat straw between rows to cool down and moisturize.
***4*** Onions in winter: In winter, leeks grow slowly due to the low temperature, so in production, onions are generally harvested in late autumn for the holiday market.
Land consolidation and border preparation
Choose fields with flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage conditions and fertile soil, which are not suitable for continuous cropping for many years. Generally, it will be replaced by vegetable crops such as soybeans and corn in 1-2 years. The previous crops should be ploughed and fertilized immediately after harvest. Generally, 2000-2500 kg of decomposed manure or manure and 25-35 kg of special fertilizer for vegetables are applied per mu. After fertilization, the fine harrow is used as a frame, with a width of 2-2.5m, a width of 40cm and a depth of15-20cm. The furrow system should be matched. The quality of water, soil and air should meet the requirements of pollution-free producing areas.
transplant
Chives are propagated by ramets. Specific transplanting method: before planting, dig up the mother plant and cut off the excess roots. Pull out the plant cluster by hand, and the pulled out ramets should have stems and roots. The row spacing of transplanted plants is12-13cm×13cm-15cm; Green onions and autumn onions can be planted thinly, with 2-3 plants planted in each hole, and the living trees should be watered in time after planting.
Fertilizer and water management
After onion plants survive, thin fertilizer should be applied in time or 5 kg of urea should be applied to each hole as tillering promoting fertilizer. Generally, apply fertilizer every 12- 15 days/time, and apply 5-8kg urea and 4-5kg potassium chloride per mu. Fertilization and watering should be combined to keep the soil moist. Before harvest/0/5-20 days, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer must be increased, urea/0/5 kg per mu should be applied normally, and biochemical agents such as Bao and amino acid fertilizer should be sprayed at the same time to promote the plants to turn green.
Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
The main diseases of shallots are downy mildew and purple spot, which can be controlled by spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, while rust and soft rot can be controlled by 1000 times 1000 times or 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times respectively. Insect pests mainly include Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, thrips allii, liriomyza sativae, etc., which can be controlled by Chuchu, Miman, Kadike and pesticides, and ground maggots can be irrigated with 48% Leben EC. In addition, in order to control gramineous weeds, 10% herbicide or 15% herbicide can be used at the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds, or soil treatment and field application can be carried out before leek transplanting.
The key point of leek cultivation all year round is seedling with bulbs: it is often carried out in April-May or September-10. Generally, bulbs reserved in the previous year are used for planting, and bulbs with roots bought from the vegetable market can also be planted by cutting leaves before planting, instead of cutting them into white leaf sheaths. Every 2-3 seed balls in the soil, the spacing is about 10 cm. It is not advisable to plant them too deep. Bulbs are slightly exposed from the soil surface, then watered, and can enter normal management after survival.
Plant with fresh seeds: because its life span is only about 2 years. Sowing is usually carried out in March-April or September-65438+1October, and the optimum germination temperature is13 ~ 20 ~ C.
(1) Sow the seeds on the soil surface, cover the soil with about 65,438+0 ~ 2 cm, pour water, and germinate when the temperature is suitable for about 2 weeks.
② The seedlings grow slowly, and can be transplanted and planted after about 4-5 weeks of germination. Every 8 ~ 1 plant, plant in clumps according to 1 plant, and water it, otherwise it shall not be transplanted.
Current management
(1) The root system is shallow, and it is not drought-tolerant and waterlogging-tolerant, so it is necessary to keep the soil moist, and the appropriate soil moisture is 70%~80%, generally watering 1 time per week.
② When the leaves are intolerant of concentrated fertilizer, 1 times decomposed organic fertilizer can be sprayed, but nitrogen fertilizer is not suitable.
(3) The requirements for light are not strict, and shading is needed in summer to avoid exposure. If the light is too strong, the taste will be bad; They like to be cool, but they are not heat-resistant. The optimum growth temperature is 1.8 ~ 23℃, higher than 2 8℃ or lower than 1.2℃, and it is easy to hibernate in summer.
Harvest of leek
When the leaves are lush, they can be harvested and eaten. The leaves above the leaf sheath can be picked by hand, and the smaller leaves in the middle can be kept and continue to grow. When most of the leaves become yellow stone, dig out the bulbs, dry the leaves and store them in a ventilated place. The bulbs can be used for further propagation.
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