The humid climate in the south of the Yangtze River makes ventilation particularly important. Therefore, houses in the south of the Yangtze River often leave a gap of no more than 1 m between the building and the wall, which is used to draw away elegance, and the effect is quite good. As for houses in the south of the Yangtze River, big houses generally pass through the sedan chair hall, living room and main room from the gate to the back room or back room, with studios, study rooms, bedrooms, small gardens and stage on both sides. Generally speaking, a big house can have two or three parallel axes.
However, regardless of the size of the building, there is an obvious difference between the houses in the south of the Yangtze River and those in the north, that is, there are more carvings and fewer colorful paintings. The walls are made of white tiles and gray tiles, and the wood is brownish black or brownish red. Compared with the bright colors in the north, it is very elegant.
The craftsmen in the south of the Yangtze River are ingenious, using the changeable terrain to let flowing water flow freely between houses.
Waterways, streets and lanes are irregularly meshed in the residential buildings, which forms the unique flavor of the residential buildings in the south of the Yangtze River different from those in the north.
Because the land is precious, the space inside and outside the house has been greatly utilized. Because most houses go out to see the water, there is a small pier outside almost every house. Housewives wash clothes, vegetables and rice every day, and the boat can also stop here.
Compared with waterways, streets and lanes are very narrow, and some can only accommodate 1 people and 1 cattle. High walls sandwich winding streets and lanes, creating a winding and secluded artistic conception.
Without Wuzhen, it is impossible to create a generation of literary master Mao Dun; Without Mao Dun, Wuzhen would not be today's famous historical and cultural town in Jiangnan. Because there is no Mao Dun, Wuzhen's fame will not be far-reaching, not to mention the continuous tourist income every day. What's the relationship? Did economy promote culture, or did culture moisten economy? We are a nation that attaches great importance to culture, so our cultural celebrities are particularly lucky. Their former residence is like a piece of mahogany furniture, which is getting brighter and brighter under the wiping of years.
Seeing this bridge in Wuzhen will bring back many wonderful memories for no reason.
Wuzhen is located in the north of Hangjiahu Plain and the west of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In the old days, it was the land of two provinces (Zhejiang and Jiangsu), three prefectures (Huzhou, Suzhou and Jiaxing) and seven counties (Wucheng, Gui 'an, Shimen, Tongxiang, Xiushui, Wujiang and Zhenze), and it was an important town at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. According to the textual research of Tanjiawan site, Wuzhen was inhabited by ancestors as early as 7000 years ago. Tang Xiantong was officially called the town, with a history of 1000 years, which is very rare in the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. In addition to the city river that passes through the town, there are two small rivers that pass around the town and are connected with the city river. The rivers in the town are criss-crossing, winding, and the water lattice wooden building rising from the river is the narrowest, but the river surface is not big, just like a small bridge lying lightly, willow trees are one. The rich flavor of the ancient water town has reached its extreme in Wuzhen. Up to now, the architectural community in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China has been preserved, and it was named as a provincial-level historical and cultural town by the Zhejiang provincial government in 199 1.
Xiaowuzhen has many bridges since ancient times, and is called "one hundred steps and one bridge". At most, there are more than 120 bridges, and there are more than 30 existing ancient bridges. The styles of these bridges are complicated due to different terrains, some are stone arches, some are tiled, some are majestic, and some are light. Looking at the bridge in Wuzhen, you will think of many beautiful past events for no reason.
The most beautiful ancient bridge scenery in Wuzhen is "Li Qiao Bridge", which consists of Tongji Bridge and Renji Bridge. Miraculously, one of the two bridges is north-south and the other is east-west, and they are connected at right angles. Therefore, no matter which bridge you stand by, you can see another bridge through bridge opening, just like watching the moon in a well, thus winning the reputation of "bridge among bridges". Because these two bridges are located at the junction of towns and suburbs, with rows of houses on one side and green trees on the other, the scenery is very beautiful. Both bridges are arched structures, tall and majestic. If you stand on the south bank, the semi-circular bridge opening of the two bridges is reflected on the water, alternating with reality, like a circle, and the scenery is charming.
There is a gentle and sonorous story between Emperor Hanlin and Old Ginkgo.
It should be said that the first garden building in Wuzhen history was Pei Xiufu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, "the promenade covered the sun", and there was a saying among the people that "there is no sun in the sky", which shows its grand scale. After the Song Dynasty moved south, Hangzhou became the largest city in the world at that time. Wuzhen, 40-50 kilometers away from Hangzhou, has always been favored by wealthy families, where houses and private gardens have been built. There are more than a dozen garden buildings in Wuzhen during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Gardens, pavilions, rockeries, flowing water, beautiful trees and famous flowers can sit, lie, swim and enjoy, which is exquisite and elegant. It's just that these romantic and warm gardens, like Yongyuan, the best garden in Wuzhen in the late Qing Dynasty, are all lost in the dust of history. Yongyuan Garden was built in a year by the great-grandfather of Kong, a famous writer of the New Culture Movement, who spent thousands of taels of silver. There is only one hole in "Yong Yuan Robbery of Ash".
Compared with Confucius' Yongyuan site, the forest land of Xia family is more precious. In the widely circulated ballad "Yang Naiwu and Chinese Cabbage", there is an episode that introduces Xiao Jiating in the ten-fold play "Begging for mercy in the lower house". More than 100 years ago, Xiaojiating was the stepmother of Xia Tongshan, a famous minister in the Qing Dynasty who rehabilitated Yang Naiwu and Pakchoi, the "first grievance in the south of the Yangtze River". Xia Tongshan was raised by his stepmother Xiao Jia when he was a child and was appointed as an academician at the age of 28. Xia Tongshan thanked Xiao Jiazhi's teaching and hung the Qin "Hanlindi" plaque to Xiao Jiatang. Since then, Hanlindi has become the most attractive ancient residence in Wuzhen. Hanlin is a building complex with seven entrances and eight exits. What is particularly precious is that there are 24 well-preserved woodcarving screens in the West Chamber that are rare in the south of the Yangtze River.
There is an impassioned legend in the elegant Wuzhen. The hero of the story, Tang Dynasty general Wu Zan, was ordered by the imperial court to crusade against the rebels to Wuzhen. Unfortunately, they were ambushed by the rebels, and both men and horses fell into a trap and were shot dead by random arrows. The reinforcements buried General Wu and his Qinglong Mountain horse on the west bank of the river, and planted a ginkgo tree on his grave. This ginkgo tree, which symbolizes the spirit of loyalty to the country, still stands in the ancient town today. Although Wuzhen people are gentle and gentle, they are loyal and treacherous at the crucial moment. Wuzhen was named in memory of General Wu.
There are so many talents in the town that the academy has become a holy place for old scholars.
A small Wuzhen, from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, produced 97 juren, 64 Jinshi and 160 tributes. Such a prosperous talent situation is also a wonder of the ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River. In modern times, in addition to Mao Dun, Yan and female scientists Shen, Mrs. Zhang Taiyan, Tang Guoli and modern writers Shen Zemin and Kong Youjing have been editing Happy Forest in Shanghai for 30 years.
In such a strong cultural atmosphere, it is remarkable to aspire to an academy. Wuzhen Lizhi Academy leads directly to Wujin, and the house is like a lecture hall. Planting osmanthus trees in the yard means "the moon has won the laurel". The slogan "Where there is a will, there is a way" hangs in the lecture hall, and a couplet is a book by Yu Yue, a master of Chinese studies: "Divide the water into old scales, and hope that everyone will be determined to listen to the wind; Zhong Xiujie, Lushan Mountain, knows that there will be something in the future. " The scale and achievements of Lizhi Academy are also unique in Jiangnan ancient town. There is a Wenchang Pavilion on the river in front of the Academy, which is a sacred place in the eyes of old scholars.
Many China literati like to "hide in the city", often hiding in small towns in the south of the Yangtze River, with the highest form of thoughts and expectations in their hearts. Wuzhen is no exception. Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming in Southern Liang Dynasty, once came here to learn from Shen Yue, the minister of history, and built Zhaoming Library. Later, he presided over the compilation of the earliest extant collection of poems and essays in China. Chen, a political adviser in the Southern Song Dynasty, made friends here, leaving behind the "Three Friends Pavilion" and "Chen Jianzhai Reading Pavilion". In the Ming Dynasty, nine people, including Zhao Xi, lived in the town, which was called "Nine Old Societies".
Among the numerous ancient towns in Jiangnan water town, only Wuzhen can be said to be a completely cultural ancient town. In addition to small bridges and flowing water, old houses in deep alleys and willows beside corridors, there are also teahouses, dyehouses, pawn shops, stage, Taoist temples, temples, academies and former residences of celebrities. Water towns have everything. Therefore, when you walk into Wuzhen, you will feel as if you have walked into a thread-bound book, a thread-bound book about the water town culture in the south of the Yangtze River, stepping on the cold slate and strolling in the deep streets and ancient houses. I can say that nothing can become a symbol of indifferent and stable life more than this ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River.
Dwellings-Dwellings in Jiangnan Water Town
The ancient villages and houses in Jiangnan water town flourished in Ming and Qing dynasties, and the favorable local geological and climatic conditions provided many building materials to choose from. It is manifested in the architectural style of borrowing scenery for the virtual and making scenery for the real, emphasizing the openness and clarity of space and requiring a strong cultural atmosphere. The building aims to decorate the exterior of the countryside. Build roads, bridges, academies, memorial archways and ancestral temples. Feng shui castle, etc. Trying to make the environment reach a perfect and beautiful state, although the scale is small and the content is slightly simple, it is nuanced. In artistic style, it has a simple local flavor.
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