Highway construction in the village started from 1978 to 1997, and three village roads were opened to traffic. The distance between this village and its neighboring villages ranges from 7 to 8 kilometers to 18 kilometers, and it is the most remote mountain village in the west of Wuxi. The mountains around the village are towering, the peaks are towering and the roads are steep. Before liberation, people traveled on foot. In order to facilitate walking, all roads leading to neighboring villages are paved with bluestone, and the roads are smooth. After liberation, the policy of "civilian-run assistance" was implemented in rural highway construction. 1978, the village opened the resident highway of Dazhen, with a total length of13.5km; 1996 connects the village to Tianbao, Jingde Town, with a total length of 8 kilometers. Completely liberated the history of villagers' farming and greatly improved the labor productivity of the whole village. There is also a production road leading to Dalian Mountain, with a total length of about 8 kilometers. Nevertheless, there are still some problems, such as a small number of highways and poor highway grades, which are not suitable for economic development. From the village to Jia Lu (in front of the rock) and Gu Tan Daijia, we still take the mountain road. Before liberation, the wood and bamboo in the village were shipped abroad by rising water in rainy season; The daily needs and tea sales in mountain products are carried by labor. At present, there are five passenger and freight cars in the village, including buses, minivans and tricycles. The annual passenger traffic is 654.38+00000 passengers, and cars have become the means of transportation for villagers.
1998, fiber-optic telephone lines are set up in the village, with switches 100, telephones 1 and telephones 179. Dongjia, a natural village, was connected to the natural forest protection network in 2003, and the line of Cao Fangjia's home is under discussion with the telecommunications department. The networks of China Mobile and China Unicom have not been opened.
Changxi Stone Bridge is located at the entrance of Changxi Village village, across the river course of the village, and it is the main road leading to Gutan, Jialu and Yan Qian. In the forty-three years of Qianlong (1779), the whole village raised funds to advocate construction. There is a saying in the village: "Looking at Yun Qi from the stone bridge, green hills surround the eaves; The mentality is good to walk on the bridge, and the life expectancy is extended by 99. " The bridge is made entirely of bluestone and consists of six long bluestones, each of which is 7m long,1.2m wide and 0.35m thick. Four are the bridge deck and two are in the middle of the pier. The pier is V-shaped forward, with a sharp front and a rich back. All of them are made of smooth bluestone, with a total length of 18.60m and a width of 2.5m The bridge is 9.6m above the water. On one side of the bridge, the words "Shi Bao" and "Built in forty-three years of Qianlong" are engraved. There used to be a bridge pavilion and a land temple on the bridge, but now it has been destroyed. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, villagers erected a forbidden monument at the bridge head. The full text reads: "It is forbidden to beat stones and sharpen knives, and it is forbidden to poke fish in the river. If you don't follow the rules, you will be severely punished. " Some old people remember that this law was not violated by villagers until the Republic of China. At that time, all the rivers in the village were fishing scales. Some women washed clothes and washed dishes in the river, and they also brought a fish, but no one dared to take it home and would consciously put it back in the river. Up to now, the stone bridge has been "like a rainbow and Wolong" for 226 years, and it is a magnificent one in Wuyuan ancient bridge. Each deck of this stone bridge weighs 15 tons. It is still hard to imagine where it came from and how it was put on the pier. It can also be inferred that the financial, material and human resources of the villagers reached a fairly high level at that time.
Ma Yuan Bridge, in the east pit of Xiacun Bridge, there is a stone bridge paved with two bluestones, with the words "Ma Yuan Bridge" engraved on it. According to the stone carvings, this bridge was destroyed by floods in 24 years, and it was rebuilt in 25 years (176 1) at the expense of Wang, the widow of the villager Dai Shiqian, with a history of 244 years. This bridge is just a stone slab bridge across a stream, which is not the same as the grandeur of Shangcun Stone Bridge.
Shegong Pavilion is located in Shangcun, beside the village river. It was built in the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1638) and rebuilt in the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (182 1). It's a one-story pavilion building. The pavilion is built across the village, with the door divided into north and south, and the middle passage passes through the village. The exhibition hall has four pillars and its structure is simple. As can be seen from the genealogy of the village, there used to be two houses on both sides of the pavilion, but today only vegetable fields are seen. The pavilion is divided into two entrances, one is the outer room, with a long stone bench for villagers and passers-by to rest, and there is a temple inside, which is where villagers pray for God, so it is also called "Shegong Temple". The word "Ma Yuan" can be seen at the top of the door of Shegong Pavilion. This is the building with the word "Ma Yuan" in the village. Nowadays, young people in their twenties and thirties don't know that Dojo West Village was originally called "Ma Yuan, Xinjiang", let alone where this village came from.
Dengxianli archway is located at the entrance of Dengxianli in Xiacun. Dengxianli is the most prosperous branch of ancient Ma Yuan people, belonging to eight branches. The word "Ding" is homophonic with the word "Ding", which means that people are prosperous and noble. According to legend, this archway was built at the expense of the family when the Ming officials were away from home. Magnificent in scale and momentum. The archway is 7.2 meters, with a total width of 4.5 meters. There is a wooden plaque embedded in the gatehouse. The materials are carefully selected, and there are two phoenixes carved in Yi Long. The exquisite knife technique is vivid, which shows the exquisite art of Huizhou woodcarving. In order to protect the archway from being demolished during the Cultural Revolution, the carved dragons and phoenixes were painted with lime. It took a long time, but now it is impossible to peel off the painted lime.
The long stream in Changxi Village winds through the village. Buildings with Jiangnan characteristics are built along the river, and ancient stone bridges cross the river. From time to time, the horse hoofs of village women washing came from the river. The village is divided into Shangchangxi and Xiachangxi with Miaoling as the boundary. In ancient times, Miaoling was a hill with a treasure hall behind it. The road connecting the two villages was a stone step paved with bluestone, so it was called Miaoling. There is a big theater next to it. In the past, it was a common practice for families to compile genealogy and genealogy. Due to the strong clan concept, the atmosphere of building ancestral temples and erecting monuments in the village is very prosperous. Almost every clan has its own ancestral hall or branch ancestral hall, including those built by fellow villagers, people with the same surname and extended families. As the village is divided into the upper gate, the middle gate and the lower gate, there is an ancestral hall and a memorial hall for the seven ancestors, which are built in the pavilion. The old man recalled that the ancestral halls Shude Hall and Zhaoqing Hall were built in the late Ming Dynasty, and the two ancestral halls were well preserved in the early days of liberation, especially Zhaoqing Hall, which had a four-inch thick camphor door supported by granite doors. The gate is decorated with a pair of large bronze lions with rings. When you climb the stone steps of the ancestral temple, you will see two circular flower pillars supporting the exquisite camphor arch. The foyer is a square patio, which passes through the patio and goes up the stairs. This is the main hall of the Grand Ancestral Hall. The ancestral hall has a wide facade, with two square stone pillars supporting the eaves inlaid with various wood carvings. Entering the inner hall of the ancestral temple, the bluestone on the ground is extremely smooth, and the nearly two-foot high zhaobi stands face to face. On the high incense table, there are glittering ceramic sacrificial vessels. In the shrine behind the incense table, dozens of generations of descendants of the ancestor Kuang Degong are arranged layer by layer, belonging to the ancestral memorial tablet of this ancestral court. Turn outward from left to right, down two stone steps, and the left and right cloisters are biased. There are four wooden pillars on each side to support the tile surface of the cloister, and the layout is solemn. In Xiacun, there is Xueshou Gong Temple, known as the ancestor of Xiacun, including Yongxitang, Zhongyitang, Guben Hall and Fengci Hall. There are many temples, temples, stages, social altars and Ling Bao Hall. As for the history of the village, especially the production and living conditions of the villagers for hundreds of years, the records are very brief. Later generations can only know something through limited chapters and fragmentary information handed down by their elders. The archway carvings in the village lane and the murals in the front room of the eaves were exactly these buildings, which were destroyed in that absurd era. What we can see now are magnificent ancient blue brick houses, all of which are made of large pieces of plain bluestone more than a foot high. Building materials, bricks and stones are of good quality, and the structure of the wall has a characteristic, that is, after being built with bricks, refractory bricks are embedded inside and outside. This kind of building is called "golden foreskin". Or stacked brick by brick, extremely strong. The bricks used are said to be mixed with yellow mud, lime and glutinous rice in proportion, then repeatedly forged with a rough wooden racket, and finally fired in a fire kiln, as hard as bluestone. Nave and couplets were hung in the main hall of these ancient houses, and four long ancient paintings were hung on the walls on both sides. Together with the square table and the plush chair, they were all antique. In a more elegant room, wood carvings are everywhere, especially on beam supports, window grilles and windowsill doors. The two eaves of the cornices in Shangtang are generally carved with patterns on the left and right, which are hollowed out on the screen, giving a strong three-dimensional sense and being lifelike. Some of them are carved on the top of the hatchback sill door with patterns such as "Kirin playing the phoenix", "Crane dancing the lion", "Magpie climbing plum blossoms", "Hundred birds singing", golden pheasant and sika deer, which are lifelike. Some are engraved with various words on the bar of the sill door, such as "longevity" and "happiness". Some are also carved with various story patterns. The characters have expressions, the stories have plots, and there is an environmental atmosphere, which is exquisite and breathtaking. There are houses of Dai, Dai, An and Dai in the village. These sculptures have been preserved, but they are old and neglected to be protected. In addition, they are seriously damaged. Today, it is difficult to see the whole picture of them.
Immortal feet, also known as immortal century feet. Shek Pik Hill opposite Shangcun Primary School. This is a huge stone, the size of two square tables. The surface of the stone is flat. Legend has it that immortals used to fly here and drink and chat on the stone pier. Seen from the foot of the mountain, the immortal stone stands upright. Standing on the stone table, overlooking the whole village, I saw white walls and blue tiles, layered, ups and downs, and patchwork. The falling horse head wall is half hidden and half reflected, and Shimada Hanzo is half exposed, black and white; Some of them are herringbone at the top, with several grades at both ends, and the eaves are padded with blue tiles. In the blue sky, the outline of the residential wall and the sky is outlined, which increases the sense of hierarchy and rhythm of the space and embodies the harmony between man and nature. This is the best observation deck in the village.
The storage dam of Changxi Hydropower Station is three miles away from the village. A mountain stream, originating from the vast and desolate Wuhua stream, spewed out and gurgled. Along the way, mountains and streams converge, blend with each other and gradually become magnificent. When she arrived at the villages of "Rinspeed Descending to Earth" and "Yuling Mountain", she was suddenly caught by these two towering and steep mountains, and the river suddenly became "slender". In her view, the water is clear and the smoke is huge. This is the changxi dam. Sparkling, weeping willows hang in the middle of the river along the river, and the trunk is gone, leaving only the crown made of jasper, just like a mirage and a fairyland outside the sky. It can be said that "the blue sky is surrounded by infinite trees, and rain clouds are hidden in the middle of the mountain." A big bird that flutters or floats on the water is as quiet as a virgin; Or soar in the sky, patrol by the river, and even have a mandarin duck snuggling around her neck. Wandering between clear water and blue sky, fish jump and birds sing, forming a picture of Danqing, where heaven and man are one and everything is ethereal. If you take a bamboo raft down the river, it will be another scenery, and you can enjoy the natural landscapes such as "the emerald screen of the long stream", "boating on the willow tips" and "Yuanyang playing in the water". Surrounded by mountains, streams gurgle. On both sides, there are many green trees and flowers, and the peaks are abrupt, plummeting and plummeting. "There is no way to doubt the mountains and rivers, and there is another village." This feeling arises spontaneously. Every rainy season, the shy river suddenly turns into a turbulent wave, splashing and rainbows flying in the air. Standing on the dam, I saw the turbid waves emptying and the stormy waves lapping on the shore, such as the dragon rolling and roaring and shaking the valley. "endless rivers are rolling in", flying over the dam and becoming a circular waterfall, which is spectacular. On both sides of the dam are stone peaks and valleys, and the rocks stand upright, only the streams can be seen clearly, not among the wild flowers in the peaks and mountains.
Chongkou Waterfall is the first of the eight scenic spots in the village, "overlapping wells and containing sources". In Shangcun, the stone bridge runs along the river. After about three or four miles, you will see an open field with fast flowing water. This is the mouth, commonly known as "mouth pool". The estuary of this river is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the estuary is open to the east, shaped like a big basin. Every flood season, the water flowing down from what the villagers call the "five wells in the estuary" will rush down along the groove formed by the stone wall and slow down the flow to the village until it reaches the estuary. Hence the name "blush". Mouth rolling mountains, rugged rocks, lush trees, magnificent and beautiful. In spring and summer, the valley in the mouth is full of green. The first thing that catches your eye is the majestic evergreen song. On the mountain road, I saw azaleas, gardenias and fruit trees all over the mountain covered with glittering and translucent mountain fruits. A wisp of clear spring flows in the mountain stream. The mountains are covered with green trees and red flowers.
Climbing the mountain in Yamaguchi Mountain, looking up, the two ends of the mountain are inclined upwards, which looks like a monk's hat. People call it a "monk's hat". The trees under the mountain are green, the streams are clear, there are many strange rocks, and the expressions are different, which is amazing. The river poured down from the rocks, fell on the cliffs, and was caught by the cliffs on both sides, so it flew straight down to Longtan. The running water of the years washed the rock into a circle, and the water flowed through it, looking like a well. The villagers called it "Toujing". Looking down from the mound of "Toujing", you can see the waterfall between the cliff and the rock. The stream rushed into the "head well" and suddenly dropped by 20 to 30 feet, and injected into the "head well", forming the first waterfall of the rapids and the main waterfall. The water stopped at the "head well" for a short time, and then washed down nearly ten meters from the high rock. At this time, a circular basin shaped like a "head well" is sandwiched between steep rocks on both sides, which is called a "second well". At this moment, the water is strong and healthy, and it falls into the water again, which is quite spectacular. This is the second circle of Hekou Waterfall. As the predecessors wrote, "flying springs crack rocks, and surprises come." The poem "Thousands of valleys can't stay and turn into sunny days" depicts such a landscape. The "first well" and "second well" are unfathomable, and it is said that there is also a long thousand bottoms. When the second well goes down, the water flows down to the "third well" (also called the big beach), which is the third stack. It is continuous and has two pools, which are called "four wells" and "five wells". Finally tied into a short waterfall, the stream winds away and hides in the green hills. Water flows into the chongkoutan under the guidance of the sink. Chongkou Waterfall, from a distance, you can see hundreds of feet of hanging rocks and ten feet of waterfalls. Whether you look down or up, it's strange and interesting. In the rainy season, standing at the source of the first well, I saw the surging river, feeling like running waves; Jumping from a height, the waterfall rushes, the water is rushing, and it collides with uneven rocks, resulting in splashing water and jade flowers, flying like fog, with great momentum. The running water kept pounding the stone walls on both sides, and the sound was deafening. People are on the opposite side, so they can't hear them talking loudly, so they can only speak with gestures. Standing by the pool, looking up at the rapids in your mouth is another scene: I saw water hitting the sky directly, pearls flying to pieces, and cold air attacking people and touching people's hearts directly; Overlooking the pool, the smoke stands upright and the trees sway, which seems to have a cave. What a beautiful scenery.
The Bund at Chongkou has wide mountains, tinkling springs and lush green grass. Lying on the sand beach, bathed in mild sunshine, is really the most comfortable and quiet place to rest.
Stone basin, about three miles behind the village, there is a trickle that flows down from the height of the cliff all the year round and merges into a circular stone basin shaped like a bathtub. The stone basin is as smooth as a mirror, and the water in it is full of pebbles. The old man said that this is the place where the seven fairies come to take a bath on the seventh day of July every year. ?
The port is miserable. At the foot of the mountain in front of Shangcun, there is a beach covering an area of more than 30 mu, which is about 2-3 meters higher than the river. The villagers call it a port. On this small "island", there are three Castanopsis sclerophylla trees 100 years old. These three ancient trees are just like Liu's three vows in Taoyuan. Their branches are intertwined and will never separate. These three houses live in harmony under these vigorous old trees. Not far away, the reflection of the wooden bridge blends with the white-walled house of Daiwa. It is simply a picture of Jiangnan in heaven and earth.
According to the records in the genealogy, the village began to become rich in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The villagers are proud of reading, "giving lectures in class has become a common practice", stressing cultural literacy, and cultivating a group of scholars, some of whom won the imperial examination and some donated official titles with money, which glorified their ancestors. The villagers have achieved wealth and face, competing to build houses, repair ancestral temples, erect memorial archways and publicize Taoist temples and temples in their hometown. As a result, a series of dazzling huge houses stood up one after another. Reclaim barren hills for afforestation, dig canals to draw water from springs to build water conservancy; Building green belts around villages in the name of geomantic omen; Let the shade shine in front of the village; With the construction of Gewen, temples, security halls and social altars, the scholars in the ethnic group are happy and elegant. In a small village, there are eight scenic spots, which are called "Eight Scenes of Ma Yuan". Each scene has a poem, which is recorded as follows:
(1) Stacked Wells Hanyuan This scene is located at the foot of the "Sangmao" Mountain in Shangcun, and it is named because its stones are stacked into five wells in turn. Shi Yun: When digging a stone well, the flying spring is full of springs, and when the sea is turned over, the mountain is seen. Luoxuesuo is high and low, and the source and flow meet. When she coughed her teeth in cold water, she suddenly felt her heart.
(2) Feng Te Huabiao enters the East Pit of Xiacun Bridge, because it is the top of Wangshan Mountain, where the mountain stands tall and the stream gurgles below. Looking around, Qianshan is layered and eager to try. The poem says: the environment is not beautiful, so the peak is spectacular, and the mountains are locked in the west. The grandson of the cluster family is knee-high and will come to the altar in high spirits, which will greatly change his prestige and sometimes there will be cranes.
(3) Li Antang's heron hunting scene was originally at the entrance of Xiacun Village. It turns out that there is a pond with stone railings around it and lotus flowers in it. The water comes from a dam not far from the river. There is a well next to it. The water is cold and sweet, and the well is still there. There are Zhou Wang Temple, Xianggong Pavilion and Huatuo Temple beside the pond, which no longer exist. Shi Yun: Egrets fly around the lotus pond. The water is busy, the rain is more colorful and the wind is more fragrant. Splash pearls in the bath, comb the feathers and wait and see, and the machine will be an article.
(4) The scale of the smoke column is on the back of the stone wall in Shangcun. In the past, there was a pond and there were many fish in the middle reaches of the river. Fishing is always forbidden in the village, and the river is clear, so it is not strange for fish to swim around in the water. Poetry says: The inkstone reflects the eyes, the light smoke enters the dawn, the source is bright, and the swimming is clean and seamless. Hidden thousands of waves, but also hidden thousands of Kun Li, Zhuang Hui entertainment, this is enough comment.
(5) The fragrance of Govin is at the end of Xiacun Village, where ancient ancestors studied and asked questions. It is located behind Yongxitang, with the social altar on the left and the Yu Xiu Temple on the right. These ancient buildings were demolished in 1948 because Kuomintang troops entered the village and demolished bricks at the entrance of the village to build carved castles. As the poem says, the towering pavilion is connected with lonely people, and the satellite hangs day and night, being kind to others and reciting excellent works. Ji Jingtong three halls, nine days lost sincerity, incense continued to grow, clouds and smoke drifted away.
(6) cinnabar reflects the sun. This scene is behind the fairy table in Shangcun. Because it is a beach, under the light of Liege, the sand on the ground is like cinnabar. It is said that there are immortals practicing here and breathing like rainbows, hence the name. Poetry says: the cave is strange and the flowers are different, the rocks are oblique, I have never heard of jade, and I am pregnant with cinnabar. Ladies welcome the morning glory and shoot the sunset glow. Who can teach Dragon and Tiger to protect them? There are gods here.
(7) White Stone Ladder Cloud This scene is at the head of Shangcun Village. Because the village needs to climb a mountain before the rock and Dai family, it is necessary to climb a mountain paved with bluestone from the foot of the mountain. There is a Shuidiling at the head of the village, also called Shuidiling. The ridge is steep and surrounded. Looking up, I can't see the end of the ridge, but I can see the white clouds in the distant sky, just like the sky in front of me. It's wonderful to call it ladder cloud. Poetry praise: the east is green, with jade in the middle, stones at the foot of the mountain, and cloudy to Lingtou. It's too close, Chang 'an Road is connected, it takes thousands of layers of hard work, and it's not wasted to climb the stairs.
(8) The scene of Yantan Bamboo Shadow is in Yintan Port, Xiacun. Here, if the trees are listed on the screen, the land is covered with green and several branches of bamboo are dotted in it. On rainy days, the river is shrouded in fog, and bamboo leaves are like fairyland in the sky. Shi Yun: At this time, the heart is always clean, the water in the pool is crystal clear, the smoke cage goes up and down the mountain, and the shadows are soaked in bamboo shadows. Qi ao is green, the garden is clear everywhere, and the rows are still complacent, and there is no surprise in the wind.
Some of these eight scenic spots have long been destroyed without a trace, but most of them still remain. From the descriptions of these poems, we can imagine the scenery of Changxi Village in its heyday at that time and appreciate the scenery of eight scenic spots in Ma Yuan. .