It is no coincidence that both are the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Chang'an City is located in the Yellow River Basin and is one of the ancient human settlements. Located in the Wei River Valley, the terrain is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the economy is developed. Later, with the war in the north, the population moved southward, and the economic and cultural centers were transferred. Luoyang gradually became a famous capital.
Chang'an is located in the Yellow River Basin and the Wei River Valley. It was one of the settlements of human beings in ancient times. People built the first city in Chinese history in Chang'an. The location selection of ancient capitals usually takes into account topographic factors, feng shui factors, transportation factors and human economic activity factors. Chang'an is surrounded by mountains and rivers and has good geomantic omen. It is easy to defend but difficult to attack. It is densely populated, has numerous business contacts and has convenient transportation. Since the Zhou Dynasty, Chang'an has been the first choice for ancient emperors to establish their capitals. The Zhou Dynasty built a large-scale construction project here and established a capital city. The Qin Dynasty made its fortune from the northwest, unified the world, and established Xianyang City on the basis of the Zhou Dynasty. Later, the Han Dynasty unified the world and built its capital here based on the Qin Dynasty, and renamed it Chang'an City.
Later, wars broke out frequently in the north and dynasties changed. Especially after the Five Husties disrupted China, a large number of people moved south, and Luoyang gradually became an economic and cultural center. Luoyang is located on the banks of the Luoshui River and is also one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Because it is located in the Central Plains, with flat terrain, convenient transportation, and a strategic location in the center of the ancient territory, it has always been an alternative capital.
Because the area near Chang'an has been completely developed and is close to the ethnic minorities in the north, it is more dangerous to serve as a capital city. War in the north, invasion of ethnic minorities, population migration south, more labor force in the south, economic and trade prosperity, Luoyang gradually stabilized as the capital. As a famous city, Luoyang became a center for economic, political and cultural exchanges, especially in the Tang Dynasty.