Fa Tan Shi Guo Jing Feng Weifeng
Original text:
Kan Kan cut sandalwood, the river dried up, and the river was clear and rippling.
No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops.
No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county in Hu Zhaner's court?
He is a gentleman, he is not a vegetarian!
Kankan spoke, set? Again? Hey? Uranium? Are you holding back?
No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops, no crops.
No hunting, no hunting, is there a special county in Hu Zhan's court?
He is a gentleman, and he is not a vegetarian!
Kan Kan cut the wheel, the river flows, the river is clear, and the river is destroyed.
No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops.
No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county quail in Huzhanerting?
He is a gentleman, but he is extraordinary!
Explanation:
Kan Kan: Onomatopoeia, logging sound.
Yan (governance): the same as "placement" and "release".
Dry: by the water.
Ripples: Water ripples.
Yi (yi 1 1): The meaning is the same as "Xi", a modal particle.
Crops (sound box): sowing.
Tan (timbre): Harvest.
H: why?
He: Five grains.
300: There are many words, not real numbers.
Ji (sound cicada), ancient system of 100 acres.
Hunting: Winter hunting. Hunting: Hunting at night. Hunting is usually mentioned in this poem.
The county was suspended.
Late (): Pig badger. Speaking of raccoons.
Gentleman: this is irony, referring to people with status and power.
Vegetarian: something for nothing, something for nothing. Ma's interpretation of Biography of Shi Mao quoted the words in Mencius: "Eating without toil is called vegetarian meal."
Spoke: A spoke on a wheel.
Straight: A straight wave of water.
Billion: Liang.
Look: Look forward or up.
Lester: Little beast.
Osmium (pure tone): by the water.
Theory: small ripples.
Hissing (sound: Kun1hissing): bound. Speaking of round barns.
Sun: Cooked food generally refers to eating.
Translation:
The sound of cutting down sandalwood trees,
By the river,
The river is clear and microwave.
No sowing, no harvest,
Why did 300 bales of hay move home?
No winter hunting, no night hunting,
Why do you see pigs and badgers hanging in your yard?
Those gentlemen,
You won't be idle for nothing!
Cut down sandalwood trees to make spokes,
Pile it by the river.
The river is clear and DC.
No sowing, no harvest,
Why do you need to bring 300 bales of hay alone?
No winter hunting, no night hunting,
Why do you see the animal poles in your yard?
Those gentlemen,
You won't eat for nothing!
Cut down sandalwood trees to make wheels,
Tear down the villages by the river one by one.
The river is rippling.
No sowing, no harvest,
Why do you keep 300 bales of hay for yourself?
No winter hunting, no night hunting,
Why do I see quail hanging in your yard?
Those gentlemen,
Don't eat red meat for free!
Kan Kan Chops Sandalwood, just like Xiaoya. The "Tintin of Logging" in logging is not "the laborer sings for it", and it is certainly not a poem written by the woodcutter. The "non-vegetarian" gentleman mentioned in the poem is naturally not a laborer who is both a farmer and a hunter. Mencius' explanation of "gentleman" here is quite clear: "Sun Chou said: Poetry says' no vegetarian', and a gentleman eats without plowing. What happened? Mencius said: the gentleman's house is the country, and if it is used, it will be rich; If their children follow it, they will be filial and loyal. No vegetarian' is greater than yes. "Mencius' interpretation of poetry is often not close to poetic theory, but it is not out of context to play the role of a gentleman's vegetarian here. Dai Zhen said: "It's ridiculous that those who are in office are lucky in vain, living in filth and full of surplus, and they didn't grow crops or hunt by themselves." Eating people's food, without making contributions to the people, is a vegetarian. The first two sentences lament that gentlemen are useless; In five words, the villain is lucky; In the last two sentences, I think it is better to use a gentleman than a villain and exchange articles with each other. "This statement is generally poetic, just the first two words, which is not very accurate. Whether the first two words are Fu, Bi, Wang and Yi has different opinions. Su Zhe said: "The official position of a gentleman is in troubled times, and it is as difficult to get along with as Tan in the Jianghu. Fan Chuyi thought that "those who are good at sandalwood can be spokes of cars, but it is useless to cut them today", and that "a gentleman of Judah can't enter an official position, give his family and eat inappropriately". Both theories are based on comparison. Yao Jiheng said: "The first three sentences are not fu, not comparison, but xing. You don't have to sing with the next one, and you can't be opinionated. It is easy for people who admire gentlemen to cut sandalwood into cars and put it on the dry river. When the river is clear and blue, they see excitement, and then they admire it. This poem is beautiful for a gentleman's vegetarian diet. The word' no crops' is only used by villains to form gentlemen, and it is also used by gentlemen to scold villains. It means' not a vegetarian', and the last two sentences began to reveal the meaning. "Wu Yisheng also said:" The original intention is to stop the' vegetarian meal' ear and dry it. "The latter two theories seem to be more poetic. Song Yu's Nine Debates means "I admire the poet's legacy, and I hope to rely on vegetarianism". However, although it is said that "it is not necessarily consistent with the singing", it is not completely unrelated to the reflection, and it is often only used to create a poetic realm, that is, "cutting trees and singing birds". From the valley to the Woods ",it is also like" Kan Kan cut Tan Xi, the real river is dry, the river is clear, and the blue waves are rippling ". Besides, why must you have seen it that day? Or "Qu Zi's Li Sao has the same effect" (Yuan), but "Fa Tan" is not a "gentleman" who laments his life experience in the poem, so the love and hate contained in it is not from personal experience, and his concern may be deeper.
Dai Li Li Tou Hu: "There are twenty-six Yawen songs, and eight songs can be sung, including Luming Literature, Beaver Head, Quechao, Picking Ants, Picking Apples, Peeling Sandalwood, White Pony and Feast." The Book of Jin said, "Wei Wuping, a native of Jingzhou, was awarded Utaro Dukui, Henan Province, and can know the old law." "Pass on four old elegant music, one is, one is Yu, three is cutting sandalwood, and four is Wen Wang, all of which are ancient words." Therefore, Qian Chengzhi concluded: "To say that the" wind changes "in various countries are simply juxtaposed with" South "and" Asia ",not according to its syllables, but according to its words. The theory of "changing wind" is inherently unreliable, but "cutting tan" is "correct pronunciation" in terms of words. In ancient times, there was a saying that "songs and poems must be the same" (Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Sixteen Years), so music, dance and songs should be the same. Then the musical style of Ge Tan should be similar to other chapters in Gu Diao.
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This is one of the most familiar articles in The Book of Songs, and even middle school Chinese textbooks have been selected as teaching materials. However, the differences between the theme and the author of this poem are amazing, not only for the ancients, but also for the present. The earliest Preface to Poetry was regarded as "stabbing greed". In office, greed is insatiable, but it is not rewarded. A gentleman cannot be an official. Zhu also believes that "this poem is dedicated to the gentleman's delicious meal." "Preface is greedy and loses its purpose" (Preface to Poetry); Liang Yin's Romance of Poetry is also called "the ambition of the beautiful monarch to live in seclusion"; Kai He's "Poem One" and "Poem One" are innovative, which are considered as "women's grievances in Wei Dynasty", while Zhu considers them as "words from fathers and brothers to exhort their children". There are many similar ones, so I won't list them one by one. Modern people have different views on the social nature of poetry, the mode of production, the class attribute of the author, and the living conditions of the era in which poetry belongs. Some people think that the poet is a farmer, which is an anti-feudal poem; Some people think they are slaves, and this article is a white attack on slave owners and nobles; There are only poems that are generally said to be ancient laborers' resistance to exploiters. The other is in sharp opposition to the above opinions, or thinks that the slave owners and nobles "attack the emerging feudal exploitation from the standpoint of mineral rights"; Or it is considered as "a hymn of industrious people governing the people and promoting an idea of rational exploitation and legal vegetarianism". The latter view seems novel, but in fact it comes from the explanation of the ancients, and few people echo it.
This paper holds that this poem is an anti-exploitation poem. Due to the lack of historical materials, it is difficult to confirm the social nature and poet identity at that time. Let's keep the view of my poor book The Book of Songs and Selected Works, that is, this is the woodcutter's song. When a group of loggers cut down sandalwood trees to make cars, they were very angry at the thought that the exploiters did not plant crops or hunt, but took the fruits of their labor. Every time you say something, you will make a reproachful sound. The three chapters overlap and have the same meaning. According to the context of the poet's emotional development, it can be divided into three layers: the first layer is about the hard work of cutting sandalwood to make cars. The first two sentences directly tell stories, and the third sentence turns to describe lyricism, which is rare in the Book of Songs. Loggers can't help admiring the rippling clear water when they transport their chopped sandalwood trees to the river. The beauty of nature is pleasing to the eye, and it also brings temporary relaxation and joy to these loggers, but this is only a momentary feeling. Because they are bound by heavy oppression and exploitation, they naturally flow freely from the river, thinking that they are engaged in heavy labor all day and have no freedom, which arouses their resentment. So, on the second floor, I thought I was going to plant crops and hunt for exploiters, but all these gains were taken away, and I had nothing. The more I think about it, the more I can't hold back my anger. I can't help but ask sternly, "There are not enough crops and food." No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county seat in Huzhan Pavilion? The third layer further exposes the parasitic nature of the unearned exploiter, and skillfully uses irony to draw a conclusion: "He is a gentleman, but he is not a vegetarian", ridiculing the exploiter, pointing out the theme and expressing the rebellious anger hidden in his chest!
This article is repeated in three chapters, which not only expresses the resistance of loggers through repeated rhyme changes, but also plays a supplementary role in content. For example, in the second and third chapters, "cutting spokes" and "cutting wheels", it is pointed out that sandalwood is cut to make cars, which also implies that their labor is endless; Changes of prey names in other chapters. It shows that exploiters take their prey, whether it is animals or birds, big or small, for themselves, showing their greedy nature. The whole poem is straightforward, full of anger and emotion, without any exaggeration, which increases the sense of realism and exposure. In addition, the sentence patterns of the poem are flexible and changeable, with four, five, six, seven or even eight characters. They are patchwork, straightforward or ironic, and also make feelings freely and fully expressed, which can be called the earliest typical miscellaneous poems. Dai Junen's "reading poetry" means that he is "narrative, emotional and systematic, and there is no trace to be found", while Niu Yunzhen's "poetry" means that he is "the essence of this long tune with ups and downs, ups and downs, bold and proud shore, and close echo", and highly praised the artistry of this poem.