I. Rivers in the Yellow River Basin
The main stream of the Yellow River enters Henan Province in lingbao city, and flows through 7 cities and 24 counties (cities, districts) including Sanmenxia, Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, Kaifeng and Puyang. The west of Jin Meng, the main stream of the Yellow River, is a narrow valley, where the water flows rapidly, and the east of Jin Meng enters the plain, where the water flows suddenly and a large amount of sediment is deposited, and the riverbed is deposited year by year. Embankments are set on both banks, with a distance of 5 ~ 20km. The main stream fluctuates and it is a wandering river. Below Huayuankou, the riverbed is 4 ~ 8m higher than the ground behind the dike, forming a suspended river. During the flood season, it threatened the safety of people's lives and property in the downstream areas and became a confidant of flood control. After flowing through Sanyizhai, lankao county, the main stream turns to the northeast, basically becoming the boundary of Henan and Shandong provinces, leaving the province near Zhangzhuang, Taiqian County, and passing through the province 7 1 1km. The main tributaries of the Yellow River in this province are Yi River, Luohe River, Qinhe River, Hongnong River, Hesui River, Jindi River and natural Yan Wen Canal. Yi river, Luohe and Qinhe rivers are the main sources of floods below Sanmenxia of the Yellow River.
(A) Luohe River system
The Luohe River originates in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, flows through Lushi, Luoning, Yiyang, Luoyang and Yanshi in Henan Province, and joins the Yellow River in Shenbei Village, gongyi city, with a total drainage area of 19056km2 and a river length of 366km. The whole province area 17400km2. The main tributary, the Yihe River, originates from Xiong 'er Mountain in Luanchuan County, flows through Songxian County, Yichuan County and Luoyang, and joins the Luohe River in Yangcun Village of Yanshi County. The river is 268km long and the drainage area is 6 120km2. The low-lying land between the Yihe River and the Luohe River is prone to floods.
(2) Qinhe River System
Qinhe River originated in Heicheng Village, Pingyao County, Shanxi Province, entered Henan Province from Huotan Village, Xinzhuang Township, Jiyuan City, and flowed into the Yellow River through Qinyang, wen county and Fangling, Wuzhi County. The total basin area is 13532km2, the provincial area is 3023km2, and the provincial inland river length is 135km. Qinhe River enters the alluvial plain below wulongkou in Jiyuan, and the riverbed is silted, which is 2 ~ 4m higher than the ground outside the dike, forming a suspended river. The main tributary of the Danhe River originates from Danzhuling, Gaoping County, Shanxi Province, flows through Aibo and Qinyang and joins the Qinhe River. The total basin area is 3 152km2, the total length is 169km, the provincial boundary area is 179km2, and the provincial boundary inland river is 46.4km long.
(3) Hongnong River and Hesui River
Hongnong River and Hesui River are hilly rivers that flow directly into the Yellow River. Hongnong River (also known as Xijiang River) originates from the west of Yuyuan Garden in Lingbao County, with a length of 88 kilometers and a drainage area of 2,068 square kilometers. He Sui originated in Huayeling, Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, and flowed into Kulongshan, Jing Ke Township, northwest of Jiyuan City. It flows into the South Yellow River of Wuzhi through Mengxian and Wenxian, with a total length of 130km and a drainage area of 1328km2.
(4) Jindi River and natural Yan Wen Canal.
Jindi River and natural Yan Wen Canal belong to plain sloping rivers. Jindi River originates from Jing Zhang Village, Xinxiang County, and its upstream is Dasha River, Xiliu Qinghe River and Hongqi Canal in turn. It starts in Gengzhuang, hua county, and is the main stream of Jindi River, which flows through Puyang, Fanxian, Shenxian and Yanggu, and flows into the Yellow River in Dongzhangzhuang, Taiqian County. The main stream is 159km long and the drainage area is 5047km2. The source of the natural Yan Wen Canal is divided into the south branch and the north branch. The south branch is called the natural canal and the north branch is called the Yan Wen Canal, all of which originated from Wang Lunan and Wang Lubei in Yuanyang County. They are called the natural Yan Wen Canal after meeting in Dachaji, Changyuan County, and flow into the Yellow River in Qucun, Puyang County, with a drainage area of 25 14km2. Due to the siltation of the Yellow River, the riverbed is raised year by year. Only when the water level of the Yellow River is low, the runoff of the natural Yan Wen Canal and Jindi River can flow in by itself, and the flood of the Yellow River often causes the jacking of two tributaries, making it difficult to discharge water.
Two. Rivers in Huaihe River Basin
The main rivers in the Huaihe River basin are the Huaihe River and its tributaries in Huainan, the Red River, the Heying River and the rivers in the eastern Henan Plain. Huainan, the main stream and tributary of Huaihe River, originated from the northern foot of Dabie Mountain, accounting for 17.5% of the total area of Huaihe River basin in the province. The tributaries on the left bank mainly originate from the Funiu Mountain system in the west, the Yellow River in the north and northeast, and the abandoned south dike of the Yellow River. There are many secondary tributaries along the way, accounting for 82.5% of the total area of Huaihe River basin in the province. The tributaries on the left and right banks are asymmetrically distributed. The river source in hilly area is short and urgent, and it is easy to become a flood disaster after entering the plain.
(A) Huaihe River and Huainan tributaries
The main stream of Huaihe River originates from Taibaiding, Tongbai Mountain, Tongbai County, flows eastward through Xinyang, Luoshan, Xixian, Huangchuan, Huaibin and other counties, and enters Anhui in Chen Dong Village, sanhejian Township, Gushi County. The length of the river is 4 17km, which is above the provincial boundary. The water system of the main stream of Huaihe River includes the main stream of Huaihe River, Huainan tributaries and Huaibei tributaries above Honghekou, with a drainage area of 2 1730km2. Below Xixian County, banks began to build dikes, all the way to Huaibin. The river is 99 kilometers long, with a riverbed gradient of 1/7000 and a river width of more than 2000 meters. Because of the small drainage outlet of the main stream of Huaihe River and the low standard of flood control and waterlogging elimination, the plain depressions along the main stream and tributaries of Huaihe River are prone to floods. The main tributaries of the south bank are: Shihe River, Zhugan River, Zhaihe River, Yellow River, Bailuyuan River, Shihe River and Guanhe River, all of which originate from the northern foot of Dabie Mountain and flow to the southwest-northeast with short and urgent rivers.
(2) Red River system
The Honghe River originates from Longtoushan, wugang city, flows through Wuyang, Xiping, Shangcai, Pingyu and Xincai, and joins the Huaihe River at Honghekou, Huaibin County, with a total length of 326km, a flood diversion length of 74km below the platform and a drainage area of 12325km2. The shape of the basin is wide and narrow, and the outflow is not smooth, which is easy to cause floods. Ruhe River is the main tributary of the Red River, which originates from Wufeng Mountain in Biyang, flows through Suiping, Runan, Zhengyang and Pingyu, and joins the Red River in Bantai Village, Xincai County, with a total length of 222km and a drainage area of 7376km2. Zhentou River is the main tributary of Ruhe River, which originates from Jiguan Mountain in Queshan and flows into Ruhe River in the south of Ruan, with a river length of 12 1km and a drainage area of 184 1km2. Another main tributary of Ruhe River, Beiruhe River, originates from Yangzhuang in Xiping County and Chayashan in suiping county, and flows into Ruhe River through Shangcai and Runan, with a length of 60km and a drainage area of 1.273 km2.
(3) He Ying River System
Heying River System is located in the hinterland of Henan Province, and it is the largest river system in Huaihe River Basin. In Henan Province, Heying River System is also commonly known as Sha Ying River System, with Shahe as the main trunk, and the section from Zhoukou to the provincial boundary is also commonly known as Shahe. He Yinghe is still the main narrative here. He Ying originated at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, flowed through Dengfeng, Yuzhou, Xiangcheng, Xuchang, Linying, Xihua, Zhoukou, Xiangcheng and Shenqiu, and entered Anhui at the boundary river. The length of the river above the provincial boundary is 4 18km, and the drainage area is 34400km2. Shahe River and Fenquan River are tributaries of the south bank of Heying River, while Qingfei River, Jia Luhe River and Heizi River are tributaries of the north bank. Shahe, the largest tributary of Heying, originates from Shiren in Lushan County, flows through Baofeng, Yexian, Wuyang, Luohe and Zhoukou, and joins Heying, with a total length of 322 kilometers and a drainage area of 12580 square kilometers. Beiru River is a tributary of its north shore, which originates from Paomaling in Song County, flows through Ruyang, Linru and Jiaxian, and joins Shahe in Xiangcheng County. The total length is 250km and the drainage area is 6080km2. Li River, a tributary of the south bank of Shahe River, originates from Silidian in Fangcheng County, flows through Yexian County and Wuyang, and flows into Shahe River in the west of Luohe City, with a total length of 163km and a drainage area of 2787km2. Fenquan River originates from Zhaolinggang, Yancheng County, flows through Shangshui, Xiangcheng and Shenqiu, and joins Heying River in Sanliwan, Fuyang City, Anhui Province. The length of the river above the provincial boundary is 158km, and the drainage area is 3770km2. Its tributary Heihe River (Nihe River) originates from Luohe City, flows through Shangcai and Xiangcheng City, and flows into Fenhe River in Shenqiu Old Town, with a river length of 1 13km and a drainage area of 1028km2. Qingfei River originates from Xinzheng, flows through Changge, Xuchang, Linying and Yanling, and joins Heying River in Xiaoyao Town, Xihua County, with a total length of 149km and a drainage area of 2362km2. Jia Luhe originates in Shengshuiyu, xinmi city, flows through Zhongmou, Weishi, Fugou and Xihua, and flows into Heying River in the north of Zhoukou, with a total length of 276 kilometers and a drainage area of 5,896 square kilometers. Its main tributary, Shuanghe, originates from Zhaomiaogou, Mi County, flows through Xinzheng, Changge, Weishi and Yanling, and flows into Jia Luhe in Pengzhuang, Fugou County, with a total length of 17 1km and a drainage area of 1758km2. Other tributaries of He Ying are Liuqinghe River, Xincai River and Wugong Canal, with a drainage area of1000 ~1400km2. The source hair of Heizi River originates from Jiangzhuang, Taikang County, and flows into Anhui in Zhangpangdian, Dancheng. The length of rivers in the province is 107km, and the drainage area is 12 14km2. It originally flowed into Heying, Fuyang City, and now it flows into Cihuai New River, and then flows into Hongze Lake through Huaihong New River.
(D) River system in eastern Henan plain
The water systems in eastern Henan Plain mainly include the Wohe River, Baohe River, Huihe River, Tuohe River and the old course of the Yellow River.
Wohui River is a large water system in the eastern Henan plain. The Wohe River originated in Guo Chang, Kaifeng County, and flowed into Bozhou, Anhui Province through Weishi, Tongxu, Qixian, Suixian, Taikang, Zhecheng and Lu Yi. The length of the river above the provincial boundary is 179km, and the drainage area is 4226km2. Its main tributary, Huiji River, originates from Jiliangmen, Kaifeng City, flows through Kaifeng, Qixian, Suixian, Zhecheng and Lu Yi, enters Bo County, Anhui Province, and joins the Wohe River. The river length above provincial level is 166km, and the drainage area is 4 125km2.
Baohe River, Huihe River and Tuohe River belong to Hongze Lake water system. Huihe originates from Matou Temple in Xiayi County and flows into Anhui Province through Yongcheng. The inland river in the province is 58km long and the drainage area is 134 1km2. The larger tributary is Baohe River, with a drainage area of 785km2. Tuohe River originated in Liukouji, Shangqiu County, and entered Anhui Province through Yucheng, Xiayi and Yongcheng, with a total length of 126km and a drainage area of 2358km2. The drainage areas of the larger tributaries, Wangyin River and Qilonggou, are 1 020km2 and 7 10km2 respectively.
The old course of the Yellow River is a flood channel left by the Yellow River's long-term invasion into the sea. It starts from Dongbatou, lankao county in the west and flows into Anhui along Quan Min, Ningling, Shangqiu and northern Yucheng. The river length above the provincial boundary is 1.36km, the drainage area is 1.520 km2, the average distance between two dikes is 6-7km, and the ground elevation inside the dike is 6-8m higher than that outside the dike. The main tributaries are Yanghe River, Xiaodi River, Huangcai River and Heli River, tributaries of Wanfu River in Nansi Lake system.
Three. Rivers in Haihe river basin
The main rivers of Haihe River system are Weihe River, Tu Hai and Ma Jiahe. Tuhai River and Ma Jiahe belong to plain sloping rivers. Weihe River and its tributaries on the left bank, such as Yu He River, Lunhe River, Qihe River, Tanghe River and Anyang River, leave the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, with steep slopes and rapid flow, and the downstream reaches the plain, with a sudden slow flow rate and low discharge capacity. Floods often flood along slopes and depressions such as * * * production canal, Liangxiangpo, Changhong canal, Baisipo, Xiaotanpo and Rengupo, supporting the Weihe River tributary in the right bank plain.
(1) Weihe River
Weihe River is the largest river in Haihe River Basin of Henan Province. Originated in Duohuo Town, lingchuan county City, Shanxi Province, it flows through Bo 'ai, Jiaozuo, Wuzhi, Xiuwu, Huojia, Huixian, Xinxiang, Weihui, Xunxian, hua county, Tangyin, Neihuang, Qingfeng and Nanle in Henan Province, enters daming county City, Hebei Province, and joins Zhanghe River in Guantao County, Shandong Province and enters the South Canal. The length of the river above the provincial boundary is 286km, and the basin area is 129 1 1km2. Weihe River is called Dasha River above Xinxiang County. 1958 ~ 1960 excavated productive channel for Yellow River Diversion became a drainage channel after 196 1 stopped diverting Yellow River. The canal joins Dasha River in Xiyongkang Village, Xinxiang County, and runs along the left bank of Weihe River, where it intercepts tributaries of Canghe River and Sidehe River.
Zhanghe River has two tributaries, north and south. The southern Zhuozhang River originated in Pingshun County, Shanxi Province, and is the boundary river between Henan Province and Hebei Province. It flows through Linzhou City and Anyang City in Henan Province, joins Guantai River and Qingzhang River in the north to form Zhanghe River, and flows eastward into Nanyang City, Anyang County, Shandong Province and Weihe River in Hebei Province. The basin area of the whole province is only 624km2, which is an important water source in Anyang.
The main tributaries of Weihe River are as follows: Qihe River is the largest tributary of Weihe River, which originates from Lingchuan County, Shanxi Province, passes through Huixian County, Linzhou County, Hebi County and Qixian County, and flows into Weihe River in Liu Zhuang, Xun County, with a river length of 162km and a drainage area of 2142km2; ; Tanghe River originates from Sun Sheng ditch in Hebi City, passes through Tangyin and Anyang, and flows into Weihe River in Xiyuan Village, Neihuang County, with a length of 73km and a drainage area of1287 km2. . Anyang River originates from Huanghuamiao in Linzhou, passes through Anyang County and joins Weihe River in Neihuang County, with a length of 160km and a drainage area of 1.953 km2.
(2) Ma Jiahe and Tuhai River
Ma Jiahe and Tuhai River are the only rivers that flow into the Bohai Sea. Ma Jiahe originates from Jindimen, Puyang County, flows through Qingfeng and Nanle, and enters Shandong Province. The river above the provincial boundary is 62km long and the drainage area is 1034km2. Tu Hai originates from the northeast border of qingfeng county, Henan Province, flows through the southeast border of Nanle County, and then enters Shandong Province. The basin area above the provincial boundary is 73 1km2.
Four. Rivers in the Yangtze River Basin
The Hanjiang River system in the Yangtze River basin in Henan Province includes Tanghe River, Baihe River and Danjiang River. Every river originates in hilly areas, with short source and rapid flow. When the flood season suddenly comes, rivers can't be discharged, which often leads to disasters in the lower reaches of Tanghe River and Baihe River.
The Baihe River originates from Yuhuangding in Song County and flows through Nanzhao, Fangcheng, Nanyang and Xinye. The inland river in the province is 302km long, with a drainage area of 12 142km2. The main tributary, the Turbulent River, originates from Guanshanpo, Neixiang County. It flows into Baihe River through Dengzhou and Xinye, with a total length of 2 16km and a drainage area of 4946km2. Other tributaries are Zhao River and Diao River.
The tributaries of the upper reaches of the Tanghe River originate from Fangcheng to Panhe in the east and Zhaohe in the west. They are called Tanghe after meeting in Sheqi County, and go out of the province after passing through Tanghe and Xinye County. The length of the main stream in the province is 19 1km, and the drainage area is 7950km2. The main tributaries are Biyang River and Sanjia River.
Danjiang River originates from the southern foot of Qinling Mountain in Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province, flows into Xichuan County, Henan Province near Jingziguan, and flows south to Wangpo South via Xichuan Old County to Hubei Province, where it flows into the Han River. The length of rivers in the province is 1 17km, and the drainage area is 7278km2. Laoguan River, the main tributary, originates from Shuimiaoling, Funiu Mountain, Luanchuan County, passes through Xixia County to Xichuan Old County in the south, and enters Danjiang River in the north, with a length of 255km and a drainage area of 42 19km2. Qihe River, a tributary, originates from Tongzigou, Lushi County, and flows into Danjiang River in the southeast of Jingziguan, Xichuan County, with a river length of 147km and a drainage area of 1498km2.