1839 the patriot who wrote the motto "ten useless maxims" in the former cottage is?

In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), Lin Zexu served as an imperial envoy and went to Guangdong to ban smoking, restrain the Guangdong navy and investigate Haikou. This is not only the heyday of his politics, but also the mature period of his thought. On September 3 this year, he left the motto of "Ten Useless": "If you have bad intentions, Feng Shui is useless. It's no use serving God when parents are unfilial. It's no use making friends if brothers are not at peace. It's no use reading if you don't behave properly. It's no use being fooled by cleverness. It's useless to be arrogant and knowledgeable. It is not good to have money, and it is useless to accumulate it. It's no use giving alms; rob others of their money. It's no use taking medicine at all costs. Prostitution is arrogant and extravagant, and career is useless. " The motto "ten useless" is not only Lin Zexu's life criterion, but also a concentrated expression of Lin Zexu's moral ideal. Lin Zexu inherited the wisdom of spiritual virtue in China's traditional moral thought and got inspiration from "behavior" and "things" in nature. He believes that people should have the spirit of "self-improvement" because the "weather" that nature shows to human beings is a kind of "self-improvement" quality. The so-called "heaven" is a vigorous and unadorned cultural achievement. Nature tells people that only by accumulating good virtues can they be carefree. "The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with virtue." As long as people can't stand desires and have no desire, goodness will not be lost, and self-cultivation will have positive results; If you are "ill-intentioned", greedy for profit and violate heaven, the result will inevitably be self-restraint, harming others and benefiting yourself. "If you do more injustice, you will die." Lin Zexu believes that "it is useless to study because of bad conduct. It's no use being fooled by cleverness. It is useless to be arrogant and knowledgeable. " Expounds the premise of moral learning. Morality is the foundation of learning. Because of Lin Zexu's poor background, long-term family hardship experience, contact with the life of the lower class and good education and influence, he has cultivated his noble sentiments such as integrity, paying attention to national integrity and worshipping heroes. Therefore, in his political career, Lin Zexu comforted the people from top to bottom and "learned from mechanics" in an attempt to revitalize the country. He actively took some measures to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, and made some reforms within his jurisdiction, which showed his true nature as a landlord class reformer and doer. He prided himself on being honest and fair, and won wide acclaim from local people. These are inseparable from Lin Zexu's moral cultivation of paying attention to introspection. The "four dimensions" of China's traditional moral concept are the four virtues related to the long-term stability of the country. Lin Zexu warned people in the motto "Ten Useless" that "it is not good to have money, but it is useless to accumulate money". It's useless to rob people of money and give alms. "lewd and extravagant, the cause is useless." "Parents are unfilial and it is useless to serve God". It's no use making friends if brothers are not at peace. These are all related virtues. With this virtue of relationship, society will have ethics, talents will coordinate, society will be harmonious, and people's spiritual realm will be noble. The moral concept revealed by Lin Zexu in his motto "Ten Useless" is actually a basic moral standard of China's ethics. As the first national hero in modern history, Lin Zexu had a rough life. Although he was exiled from office and sent to the frontier, he was embarrassed and humiliated, and his original intention remained unchanged. "Why should I avoid every cloud has a silver lining?" He became a good minister in governing the country and rejuvenating the country because he abided by China's traditional virtues and wisdom.