Problem description:
Brief introduction of Shenyang Beiling
Analysis:
Beiling, whose real name is Zhaoling, is located about ten miles north of Shenyang, so it is called Beiling. The second generation of the founding monarch of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Taizong, Huang Taiji and Empress Xiao, are buried here. Gu Song in the mausoleum is towering, the lake is rippling, and the golden tile red wall is dazzling. It fully shows the majestic momentum of this feudal royal cemetery. The unique solemnity, sobriety and mystery of "the land of geomantic omen" make people feel relaxed and happy, lingering, and remind them of the past.
Zhaoling was founded in the eighth year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty (1643) and was initially completed in the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1). Kangxi dynasty, Qianlong dynasty and Jiaqing dynasty supplemented and rebuilt it several times. It can be said to be a pile of buildings. It not only maintained some architectural features of the early Qing Dynasty, but also was rebuilt according to the mausoleum system of the Central Plains Dynasty. So it has many similarities with the Ming and Qing tombs.
The scope of Zhaoling,1the measured results published by Shenyang CCBA in the 1930s: 5. 1 li in the north and south, 2.6 li in the east and west, with a total area of 12.4 li.
There are three kinds of red, white and blue piles around the mausoleum area, and there are 442 wooden blocks in front (also called "refusing mom"). The mausoleum area is long and narrow from north to south and narrow from east to west. At the southernmost tip of the mausoleum is the Ma Xia Monument, and to the north are the Huabiao and Shishi. There is a god bridge and a polyester well in the north of Shishi. Shenqiao is a stone archway, in the north. There is a small courtyard on the east and west sides of the stone archway. The East Cross Courtyard is a dressing booth and a quiet room. The dressing pavilion is the place where the emperor changes clothes and takes a nap during the sacrifice. This quiet room is the royal toilet. The West Courtyard is a provincial sacrificial pavilion and a building. Provincial sacrifice pavilion is the place where livestock and poultry are slaughtered during sacrifice, and building houses is the place for sacrifice. To the north of the stone archway is the main entrance of the mausoleum-Dahongmen, which is surrounded by vermilion walls. There is a straight "Shinto" in Dahongmen, and a pair of Optimus Prime, a pair of stone lions, a pair of stone unicorns, a pair of stone horses, a pair of stone camels and a pair of stone elephants stand on both sides of the Shinto from south to north. These stone beasts unite you into a "stone elephant". Further north, in the middle of Shinto, there is a pavilion of divine power and virtue. There are "noodle houses" on both sides of the pavilion. To the north of the pavilion is Fangcheng. The main entrance of Fangcheng is called "Long 'en Gate", and there are buildings on the door. In the middle of Fangcheng is the Long 'en Hall, and on both sides are the attached halls and buildings. There are two pillar gates and a stone altar behind Long 'en Temple, and then there is the ticket gate. The top of the ticket gate is Daming Building, and the entrance of the ticket gate is Crescent City. There is a glass curtain wall on the front of Crescent City and a "ramp" on both sides. Behind the Crescent City is Baocheng and Baoding, and inside the Baoding is the "heart" of the mausoleum-the underground palace. Behind Baocheng is a man-made mountain-"Long Ye Mountain". In addition, on the west side of the mausoleum, opposite Baoding, there is a group of buildings named "Yijing Grand Guifei and Kanghuishufei Garden Sleeping", which is the burial place of concubines of Emperor Taizong. The architectural layout of Zhaoling strictly follows the mausoleum rules such as "the central axis" and "the front facing the rear sleeping". The main building of the mausoleum is built on the north-south central axis, and other ancillary buildings are evenly arranged on both sides. This design idea mainly embodies the supremacy of imperial power, and at the same time achieves aesthetic effects such as making the building complex stable, balanced and unified. The "front yard and back bedroom" is for the need of "things die like things live, and things die like things exist". The palaces used by emperors before their death were all built according to the "front yard and back bedroom". According to the traditional concept of the ancients, the emperor should also "face the DPRK" as scheduled after his death, and still have a "bedroom" for food and shelter.
The management of Zhaoling has two government offices: civil and military. One is called General Yamen, and the other is called Customs Yamen. The customs yamen is mainly responsible for the defense of the mausoleum area, and the customs yamen is responsible for the sacrifice and the general repair of the mausoleum building.
After the Qing Dynasty, Zhaoling was still managed by the guards of Sanling. However, due to years of war, the national treasury could not make ends meet, and Zhaoling could not be greatly repaired, so that the cemetery building was dilapidated and withered. At that time, a scholar wrote such a poem "You Beiling": "I have never been brilliant when I set foot in Zhaoling. No one cares about strawberry moss, and you know it in Yangliushan. " Written the true face of Zhaoling at that time. Since 1930s, Fengtian authorities have turned Zhaoling into Beiling Park, and set up inspectors and administrators for actual management. Zhaoling has been an important scenic spot in Shenyang since ancient times. In Eight Scenes with Beijing (Shenyang) in Qing Dynasty, there is "Red Leaves in Beiling (Zhaoling)". Jin Liang said in the study of Fengtian Historic Sites: "There are many willows in Beiling, and the west wind and yellow leaves are all over Lin Qiu, hence the name of Beiling Hongye."
After the liberation of Shenyang, Zhaoling, like many other historical relics, was valued and protected by the state and was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Liaoning Province. 1982, the State Council was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and earmarked funds for comprehensive renovation. Now, this once dilapidated ancient tomb reappears its former glory. At the same time, in order to make full use of the unique natural environment here, the garden management department expanded the artificial lake, built more pavilions, planted various flowers and trees, and set up various entertainment, sports, culture and entertainment places. These measures have injected modern life into this ancient cemetery, making it a famous scenic spot and tourist attraction at home and abroad, receiving nearly one million domestic and foreign tourists every year, and becoming a window for people all over the world to know about China and Shenyang.