There are many kinds of redwood wood with complex structure. In addition to their uniqueness, each kind of wood has its own particularity. Take shrinkage as an example. Different kinds of wood have different shrinkage rates. Even for the same kind of wood, there is a difference between transverse drying shrinkage and longitudinal drying shrinkage. Generally speaking, the transverse shrinkage is large and the longitudinal shrinkage is small. Knowing these characteristics of wood, it can be just right when leaving expansion joints.
For example, when designing a head-up panel, because there are plates with horizontal stripes and vertical stripes around the panel, it should be considered that the expansion joints around these plates are slightly different in size due to different shrinkage rates. If we don't treat it indiscriminately, under the natural law of thermal expansion and cold contraction, there will definitely be problems.
Strength should also be considered. Generally speaking, the stress of straight wood is greater than that of horizontal wood. If you take a piece of wood that is not completely dried and put it in the sun, the straight lines will never warp, but the horizontal lines will warp into an arc. Therefore, cross bars are generally used in panels and other parts; Vertical striped wood is mostly used in high stress parts such as legs and feet. If you violate this rule, it is difficult to guarantee the firmness of both the sofa and the tables and chairs.
When a carpenter works, he saws off a piece of wood and planes out a board, and often leaves a sentence: "This wood is of great nature." That is to say, this piece of wood has great deformation and torsion. After the finished product is made, it will undergo drastic changes in cold, hot, dry and wet environments, such as cracking, twisting, swelling and shrinking, and sometimes the changes are simply out of shape. For example, a square wooden square can be twisted into twists and turns.
Carpenters should be extra careful when they come across this kind of wood. They should try their best to strengthen it, control it and lock it up, so as not to make great changes to it. If you encounter wood with a relatively small personality, that is, wood with a relatively gentle personality, your work will be easier to do, so don't worry so much. The finished product will change, but the change and distortion will not be particularly severe.
What is Woody? What is Woody? The old carpenter has many kinds of wood, and he knows it well. For example, oak, Fraxinus mandshurica and colored wood (maple) are all wood with strong sexual ability. Korean pine, white pine, basswood and catalpa bungeana are all small timber. Among the southern tree species, nanmu and Cunninghamia lanceolata have less wood, while beech and longan have more wood. Redwood is acidic, rosewood and rosewood are smaller.
The old carpenter knows the difference and the skill of making, so he can handle the discretion better. But sex is big and sex is small, which are relative and exist in comparison. As long as it is wood, it expands with heat and contracts with cold, and expands with water and dries. There should be 3-5 mm expansion joints on the surface of classical furniture, which is to avoid cracking and bulging deformation of the furniture, so that it can calmly cope with the changes of natural temperature and humidity during use.
Since there is no sex in wood, it is very important to remove sex before making it. There are many ways to get rid of sex, but they can be roughly divided into three types:
Say "roast". Is to put logs or plates and squares in the curing barn for steaming. In the early years, the barn mainly burned leaves, sawdust, branches and firewood; Later, coal and oil were burned, and then a little progress was made. It was baked by electric heating, which was similar to an electric oven. It's just that it's not the box that bakes the wood, but the house. It takes a long time to bake wood, unlike baking bread, which is cooked in a few minutes or ten minutes. In the early years, wood was baked for three to five days, or even a week. It was baked slowly and smoked with dark fire. The temperature should not be too high to see an open flame, otherwise the wood will catch fire and turn into charcoal. After baking, the properties of wood are removed a lot, which is convenient for carpenters to use and operate.
The second is "blowing". The essence of blowing is to let the wind blow, which can also be called the process of natural air drying. It takes three to five months, even six months or a year, to stack the boards and squares layer by layer and neatly. Each layer of boards and squares should be padded with small wooden strips as space to facilitate ventilation. There is a big gap between piles to keep out the wind. Generally, the square wood is packed in a cool and ventilated place to avoid sudden illness of wood due to sun exposure. After palletizing, the top should be pressed with heavy objects, such as stones, steel, logs, etc. The heavier the better. After natural wind, rain, sun and snow, wood becomes more and more unnatural, so the older the wood, the easier it is to make and take care of it.
The third is the "bubble". Is to throw logs or plates and prescriptions into the water for soaking. Soak him for a week, two weeks, or even a month, pick it up and air-dry it naturally, and then use it completely naturally. Or send it to the curing barn for smoking after soaking. There is also an old method that can speed up the removal speed, that is, digging holes to drain water, adding lime or alkali, and soaking wood with lime water and alkali water, so that the soaking time can be greatly shortened, and it can be fished out after soaking for two or three days, or dried in the sun, or sent to a curing barn.
In a word, the way to remove the sex of wood is actually tossing back and forth, soaking and baking, soaking and drying, and wet and dry. The more times you toss, the less sexy the wood is. Quite a bit "tempered into steel" flavor. Also like the quenching of steel, it burns red and suddenly inserts cold water. Hardened steel is harder and asexual wood is softer.
The wood after sex removal is much more obedient and smoother in the hands of carpenters. After making furniture, the ratio of thermal expansion to cold contraction is greatly reduced. In recent years, a batch of antique furniture made of old wood has broken the roofs and beams of people's homes for decades or even hundreds of years into wooden boards for furniture, which is very stable and rarely changes. Buy new furniture made of old wood, don't worry about wood hair temper.
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