I've heard of Nanmu before, but I didn't practice it that year.
Repeatedly empty, someone, spring is at ease.
I drive in the morning and I feel sorry for myself.
Birds make fun of the new festival, and the wind sends away the rest.
Cold bamboo is barren, and the land is far away from people;
It's a stick-in-the-stick Weng, carefree and never coming back.
In other words, to be ashamed of general knowledge, the protection is shallow.
Teachers have a legacy and are not poor.
It's hard to see the future, but hard work is hard.
Grasp the current situation, solve problems and convince farmers.
Even when the plain is far away from the wind, good seedlings are pregnant with new ideas.
Although I didn't measure my length of service, I am happy about it.
Farming sometimes stops, and walkers are not interested.
The sun enters the phase and returns, and the pot pulp is close to the neighbor.
Long Yin Renjimen, talking about the Dragon Shepherd.
translate
I've heard of Nanmutian before, but unfortunately I haven't plowed it.
I am often as poor as Yan Hui. How can Chungeng stand by and watch?
Get my horses and chariots ready tomorrow morning. I'm traveling on the road.
Birds are singing in spring, and the wind keeps sending kindness.
The deserted path is covered with cold grass and inaccessible.
Therefore, in ancient times, crows were planted, and they plowed leisurely without thinking about moving.
Is it too superficial to be ashamed of caution?
Confucius, the former teacher, left his last words: "A gentleman who cares about Tao is not superior to poverty."
Admire that the theory is too high to reach, and turn your mind to long-term cultivation.
When farmers are busy, their hearts are happy, and farmers are encouraged with smiles.
When the wind from Ye Ping blows gently, Miao Xiu becomes stronger every day.
The harvest of a year is immeasurable, and my work has made me happy.
There was a resting place after ploughing, and no pedestrians came to ask.
Accompanied by the sunset, comfort the neighbors with wine.
Cover up Chai Men's poems, let's concentrate on being a farmer.
To annotate ...
Past: past, past. It has the same meaning as the next sentence "that year".
Nanmu: refers to farmland.
No: I haven't practiced myself.
Repeatedly empty: lack of food often refers to poverty.
Survivor: refers to Yan Hui. The poet compares himself to being as poor as Yan Hui.
Chunxing: refers to the beginning of farming in spring.
Xing: beginning, making.
Morning: Good morning.
Su Su: Good morning.
Pack my car: Pack my horses and chariots. Here refers to the chariots, horses and utensils ready for farming.
Kato: Let's go, let's go. Tu Tong's "Road"
Myanmar: It's far away.
Feng Ling: Small wind, gentle wind.
Abandoned: Covered with abandoned paths.
The land is far away from people: the land you go to is remote because there are few people.
Zhi Zhang Weng: refers to an old man who was secretly plowing the field when Confucius and his disciples met.
Plant: same as "place", place.
Staff: wooden staff.
Leisure: a look of leisure.
Never to return: never to return to the secular society.
Reason: That's the reason. Refers to practice with great concentration.
Know people: know people with knowledge. This refers to Confucius and Lutz.
Insured: refers to the preservation of personal honor. Me (jǜ Giant): Really.
Shallow: shallow and inferior.
Teacher: A courtesy title for Confucius.
Legacy: the teachings left behind.
Worry about the road without worrying about poverty: a gentleman only worries about the road to governing the country, not about the poverty of life.
Look forward: look up.
Miao: It's far away.
Catch: and.
Diligence: labor.
Changqin: Long-term labor.
Bing: Here.
Lei: Plow handle, generally referring to farm tools.
Current affairs: what should be done in time refers to farming.
Yan Jie: Smile.
Persuasion: encourage.
Domain: field.
Pingchou: A piece of flat land.
Payment: through.
Miao: refers to the wheat seedling, which is the scene of "beginning of spring"
Huai Xin: It means that the wheat seedlings are full of camps.
Length of service: one year's agricultural harvest.
Immediate things: refers to the immediate labor and scenery.
Traveler: Pedestrian.
Tianjin: Ferry.
Monkey rest: use it for a long time to drown. .
Stage: companionship.
L: comfortable. These two sentences mean going home with farmers at dusk and bringing a pot of wine pulp to comfort the neighbors.
Chat: And.
Dragon Shepherd: People in the field.
Distinguish and appreciate
Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet in the history of China's poetry development. His "Two Poems of Tian She Guimao Spring" is a picture woven by the poet with pastoral scenery and homesickness. There are two poems, which show the same theme and theme.
The first song begins with the sentence "I have heard of Nanmu in the past", describing the labor process, depicting the beautiful scenery of nature, remembering the ancient sages and praising their lofty virtues. He had heard of Nanmu for a long time, but he only hated that he didn't come as soon as possible to spend the days of bending over to plow. Here he mentioned Yan Hui in The Analects of Confucius. Tao Yuanming is not afraid of poverty. This is exactly what he used to resist worldly poverty and happiness. He likes a self-sufficient agricultural life. He walked all the way out of the fresh dawn of the village, set up his horses and chariots, and worked in the fields. His chest is full of natural feelings. Birds sing tactfully, and the fragrance of flowers and plants diffuses in the wind. It is cool, kind and never cold. The snow in the field faded like a flood, and weeds covered countless paths in the earth after winter. This remote and inaccessible place is amazing. He can find freedom here. Do not need prosperous, brilliant, warm things, and any redundant people. He even thinks that this is ridiculous for human beings who are eager to become famous. He understands Diao Weng's seclusion choice. Tao Yuanming believes that the truth of seclusion should be ashamed of common sense of life. To hide or not to hide has always been a question. The common sense of this world is, don't hide, want to join the WTO, want to be famous, and want to get ahead. Tao Yuanming doesn't want to retire yet, not yet, but his regret is only temporary anxiety. He will eventually go home with a clear conscience.
However, the author is still not finished, and with the hard-won practice of "worrying about Tao but not poverty" inherited from the Second Division, he describes the joy of working in the field, associates with the behavior of ancient hermits who live long and are obsessed with drowning, but is deeply worried about the scarcity of Taoist people, and finally ends with "talking about being a human being". Tao Yuanming has always regarded Confucius as a teacher. Confucius once said, "Worry about Tao but not poverty", and he kept it in mind. But he prefers this kind of farming life, because he has no interest in farming. Tao Yuanming wants to be a hermit like Chang Ju and Jie Drowning. His heart is struggling and anxious. He wants to do something, but the world keeps him away. He was disappointed, and gradually gave birth to a rebellious heart, willing to "Long song cover Chai Men, say people". This will be the destination of his life.
These two poems are like the upper and lower films of a long tune, with closely related contents, repeated performances, ups and downs and profound implications. But the whole poem is harmonious, plain and natural, which is really natural. It's like a poet standing in front of readers, opening his heart, neither thinking nor choosing words, but expressing his actions, feelings and thoughts without reservation. This poem was not written or sung, but flowed from the poet's heart. In one of his essays, Amin poet Xu said: "The poetry of the realm is natural and meaningful, which is similar to Mencius." It is said that Meng Ziquan has no intention to be a text, and he can't; Say Mencius as a text, so that there is no trace, which shows the sages! It's especially easy to get to know Sister Jing. "In addition, he said," The realm poem is written directly and naturally. " The third said, "Those who can't reach the realm of poetry have their own first-class direct writing, and don't care about carving, so the words are round and full of gas;" There is a first-class insight that is shrewd and thorough, so its language is concise and meaningful. All these show the unique style and high artistic achievements of Tao's poems.
Diluting nature is a literary style and a special literary realm. In this state, I am integrated with things, completely forgetting myself, even without me; God is connected with the scene, God walks among things, and God moves with the scene. The extreme of this state is remoteness and tranquility, which is a school of nature. Therefore, Tao Yuanming's "Birds celebrate the New Festival, the wind sends more kindness" and "the plain is far from the wind, and good seedlings are also pregnant with new ones", which has become a swan song throughout the ages. It is an artistic dialectics that carving is better than not carving. But there is indeed a poet's hard artistic work, which is an artistic pursuit process of abandoning sculpture and returning to simplicity. Without some solid hard work, it is difficult to reach this artistic creation realm.
This group of poems describes the beauty of the field and the joy of personal cultivation, and also expresses the author's nostalgia. What he envied and praised was Yan Hui, who was poor and eager to learn, Confucius, who was poor and happy, and especially He Guoweng, a hermit who admired ancient "coupled farming" and lived in seclusion and drowned. Although the author also shows that Yan Hui and Confucius can't follow suit, they are more interested in learning from Hu Zhiweng, Chang Ju and Jie Yi. It seems that they are willing to live in seclusion in the country. However, between the lines still reveals the concern for the world and the yearning for a peaceful and prosperous world. If we pay more attention to the writing age of this poem, the contradiction of this thought will be more clear. Two years after writing these two poems, the author has been Peng for more than 80 days. It was at this time that he finally lost confidence in the dark and dirty society and expressed his final rejection. Full of resentment, he "resigned" and retired to the countryside. This is a Tao Yuanming-style struggle. If we don't deeply realize this, criticizing his seclusion life too much will not only easily deny more than half of Tao Yuanming, but also be tantamount to Wan Li.
Some people think that Tao Yuanming's "Two Poems of Tian She Guimao Spring" perfectly shows a kind of "extremely light and moderate" life realm. In other words, borrowing from Mr. Feng Youlan's "Four Realms" theory of life, we can think that "Tian She's Two Poems of Gui Mao Chun" represent Tao Yuanming's transcendence of nature, utility and even moral realm while standing in the realm of heaven and earth. This is the ideological resource of courage and wisdom necessary for Tao Yuanming to choose to return to his hometown to live a life of farming and reading, and it is also the fundamental reason for Tao Yuanming's extraordinary poetry.
Creation background
This group of poems was written in the spring of 403, the second year of Yuan Xing in Jin 'an. In the winter of the fifth year of Longan (40 1), my mother returned from the funeral and resigned. In the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan, who invaded Jingzhou, further captured the capital, called Qiu, and was in charge of state affairs. There is no hope of state affairs, which makes Tao Yuanming determined to devote himself to self-financing and put it into practice. These two poems were written by Tao Yuanming after his personal participation in spring ploughing.
Appreciation of Tian She's Original Works and Translation (Ⅱ) Tian She
Call a hoe and arrange for busy gardening.
Children sleep on fallen leaves and birds make sounds in the sunset.
Fireworks village is far away, and the forest is fragrant.
It's fun to be so old. Mi Yun is always yellow in the end.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Tian She is a five-character poem by Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. When writing this poem, the author grasped several typical images of rural life: naughty children, birds returning from the forest at sunset, misty kitchen smoke, faint sound of chickens and dogs, fragrance in the forest and rice clouds on the horizon, and wrote the tranquility and serenity of rural life. This poem is full of rich flavor of life, which reflects the author's concern for farming and farmers' life.
Translation/translation
Everyone shouted out of the village with hoes on their shoulders and hastily built the threshing floor. Children are playing happily in the fallen leaves, and flocks of birds are chirping in the sunset. Laughter and smoke came from distant villages; The trees and weeds in the field give off a charming fragrance. This year is really a happy year, and the endless rice fields are golden.
To annotate ...
① Tian She: Farmhouse.
(2) Garden building (p incarnation): the threshing floor is completed.
⑶ j Ο ng (j ρ ng): aquatic plants.
(4) The end of the sky: the horizon. This refers to the endless rice fields.
Creation background
This poem was written by the author in his later years. He lived in Shihu and enjoyed the scenery of the farmhouse for a day.
Appreciation/appreciation
This is the first five laws of farmers' life, focusing on the fragments before the autumn harvest.
The poem begins with a cheerful rhythm, saying that farmers are calling each other, picking up hoes and rushing to build a threshing floor. Autumn harvest is the sustenance of farmers for a year. From the first two sentences, people can immediately feel that this year's harvest must be good. Fan Chengda's poems are good at rendering the atmosphere in the first couplet and paving the way for the theme of the whole poem. This poem can be taken as a representative.
Below, the poem suddenly fell away, not about cultivating fields and threshing, but about children sleeping and playing on fallen leaves, birds singing noisily in the sunset, smoke rising from distant villages, and the vegetation in Yuan Ye emitting a strong fragrance. These two couplets focus on the countryside. Fallen leaves, birds and wild scenery all indicate that the festival is autumn and the harvest season. Writing about children playing carefree reflects the joy of adults busy preparing for the autumn harvest. At night, birds always flock over the rice fields to peck. Birds in the Sunset can't be written by people who have experienced it. Every scene chosen by the author is full of joy, so the poem is a neat couplet, and it is no longer written next to it, which directly shows that this year is really happy. The rice in the field is golden yellow, like a cloud, until it is connected with the sky, and a bumper harvest is in sight. In this way, through the highlights of the last couplet, the jubilation of the previous couplet was realized.
This poem echoes from beginning to end, with several sets of jumping shots in the middle, suddenly writing about farmland, children, birds and villages. It seems to be fragmented and not unified, but the emotional infiltration with the lines of "Harvest" highlights the happy scene of celebrating the harvest and receives good artistic effects. This poem is very similar to the scene of threshing in Fan Chengda's "Autumn Pastoral Miscellaneous Fun": "The newly-built farm has a flat mud mirror, and each family threshes rice while first frost is sunny. There was a light thunder in the laughter and the flail rang all night. " This happy scene is a continuation of the content expressed in the poem Tian She.
Appreciation of Tian She's Original Works and Translation Part III Original Works.
In mid-August, Chen Bing won the prize in Fei Xia, Tian She.
Living in poverty depends on growing crops and working hard in Lindong.
Not to mention the chill of spring, it is often afraid of pregnancy.
As soon as possible, it's autumn in Sita, and my voice is in harmony with mine.
Hungry people are full at first, waiting for chickens.
The higher the lake rises, the more it flows back to the valley.
In the gloomy barren hills, the ape's voice is lazy and sad.
Very fond of quiet nights, and woodbirds love to open in the morning.
Come here, three or four sparks fall.
Old age, its unclear.
Thank you for your kindness from afar.
translate
The poor make a living by farming and try their best to farm the east forest edge.
Needless to say, I often worry that I will fail to live up to my wishes.
Tianguan pays attention to the autumn harvest, and the message is connected with my meaning.
If you are hungry for a long time, you will get up early and get ready to go to the fields.
Go boating across Pinghu and go boating in Qingxi Mountain.
In the barren hills with lush vegetation, apes slowly cry and moan.
Sad autumn wind whistling at night, birds singing in the forest in the morning.
It has been twelve years since I returned to the farm.
The Chinese New Year has passed, and people are old, still working in the fields.
Greet Mr. He from afar, and we will be your partner in seclusion.
To annotate ...
Fei Xia (X29n): A low-lying and watery area, which is called "Lindongmeng" in the poem.
Tian She: It refers to a simple hut in a field, which can be used for temporary rest and shelter from the rain.
Gain: gain.
Y: shit.
Planting: refers to agricultural labor. Crops are planted, but only crops are harvested.
Struggle: Do your best.
Lin dongyong: refers to the location of Shimoda.
Wei: Curved places are like mountains and rivers; Corner.
Spring ploughing: spring ploughing.
Bad heart: against one's will.
Si Tian: An official in charge of farming, that is, Tian Guan.
As soon as possible: care, attention.
And autumn: autumn harvest, bumper harvest. "Shangshu Pan Geng": "Agricultural cooperation with Tian Li leads to autumn."
Send message: the client receives the message.
Harmony with me: in line with my ideas.
Harmony: Harmony.
Hungry: Yuan Ming claimed to be.
First satiety: I just had a full meal. I'm often hungry, so I'm happy to have enough to eat. I get up early, fasten my belt and wait for the autumn harvest at dawn.
Yang Yi: Paddling, that is, rowing.
Pam: Floating means rowing.
Clear valley: a clear mountain stream.
Gully: Gully.
Yu Yu: One is "Bai Jiao Yao". Describe the lush vegetation.
Leisure and desolation: leisure and desolation.
Very: refers to the biting autumn wind.
Love quiet night: refers to whistling in quiet night.
Morning break: refers to the dawn.
Yue: Auxiliary words are meaningless.
This refers to agricultural labor.
Three or four sparks are falling: twelve years.
Three, four: twelve.
Spark: Mars.
Depressed: I am coming down. After July in the summer calendar, the position of Mars begins to decline to the west. Twelve times, that's twelve years.
Year of appearance: charming youth refers to young adults.
Thing: refers to farming.
Cloud: auxiliary words are meaningless.
Goodness: violation, violation and abandonment.
Late: bamboo weeding tools.
Chat: Let me put it this way.
Habitat: Living is seclusion.
Creation background
This poem was written in the twelfth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4 16) when the poet was harvesting, when Tao Yuanming was 52 years old. Since the poet returned to his hometown, he has spent twelve hard years. He worked hard and lived in poverty, but the poet got great satisfaction and comfort from it.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem describes the poet's labor process of "struggling in Lindong" all his life. When he saw that the harvest was in sight, he remembered that he had spent ten years of hard farming life, and he was extremely proud.
The first six sentences are about my feelings when I saw the harvest in the next Buddhist paradise. "Spring is not bitter, but always afraid of suffering." His wish is the same as that of Sita, which makes him feel very gratified. It seems that this "sending voice" and the poet's Tian Si are also one of his friends. The reason why the poet mentioned Ren Sitian's friend here is because his farming life is not divorced from the production activities of the whole society, which is of positive significance to social production. This is the expression of Tao Yuanming's ideal and pragmatic spirit in the agricultural society. Next, I wrote how the poet went to work in the barren hills when the rooster crowed, so as to enjoy the morning scenery in the mountains. "Hungry people are full of joy at the beginning", which is a profound life experience. If you haven't tasted hunger yourself, you don't know what this "full of joy" is about. It is for the sake of satiety that he goes to work before dawn: he paddles into the mountains with mountains and valleys. The mountains are desolate; You can hear the cry of an ape. The bleak night wind disappears with the dead night, and birds sing good songs to welcome the morning. What a quiet and cold morning it is. He remembered his ten years of farming life. /kloc-for 0/2 years, he has unswervingly adhered to his original intention and devoted himself to a better life. At this time, Tao Yuanming is 50 years old and his old age is approaching. How can he not be filled with emotion? The last sentence of the poem answers this question, "Thanks to Hezhe Weng from afar, chatting from Qi Jun", and pays tribute to the ancient sages who lived in seclusion and farmed. I'm following you, too The poet has ideals, beliefs and role models in his heart, which is why he never repents even if he dies of old age.
This poem reflects the actual situation of Tao Yuanming's farming life more truly than the previous pastoral poems, and also shows that Tao Yuanming's farming is not just a show. Especially in the later period, his life became more and more difficult. Hunger is a common occurrence, and only hard work can survive. At this time, his pastoral poems have some documentary elements, which are no longer as full of interest and romance as in the previous period. But he didn't complain about the hardships of life, and he still showed his love for life and natural scenery from time to time when describing the hardships of life.
Appreciation of Tian She's Original Works and Translations Part IV Original Works;
farmhouse
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
Qingjiang District, Tian She, next to Chai Men Ancient Road.
The grass is fascinated by the market, but the land is lazy.
The branches of Zelkova are weak and the loquat trees are fragrant.
The cormorant is under the sun in the west, and its wings are covered with fish beams.
Translation:
Qingjiang District, Tian She, next to Chai Men Ancient Road.
The grass is fascinated by the market, but the land is lazy.
The branches of Zelkova are weak and the loquat trees are fragrant.
The cormorant is under the sun in the west, and its wings are covered with fish beams.
Precautions:
Qingjiang District, Tian She, next to Chai Men Ancient Road.
Tian She: The old name of General Wang.
The grass is fascinated by the market, but the land is lazy.
The willow branches of Zelkova schneideriana are weak, and loquat (pí) and loquat (pa) are fragrant.
G: One is Yang. Materia Medica: beech bark, now called beech willow. However, the leaves are called willows, and they are pregnant. Wu Zeng's random record: This book is a beech willow, which is incorrect. Loquat is one thing, beech is two things. Yes, yes, it's better than a tree.
Owl (lú) and ostrich (cí) are sunbathing in the west, and their wings are covered with fish beams.
Cormorant: Waterbirds, used by Shu people for fishing.
Appreciate:
This poem contains the whole Tang poetry (Volume 226), which was written in the early summer of 760 AD (the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong).