1, Confucius
Confucius (September 28th BC1year-April BC1year), surnamed Kong, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong) and his ancestral home was Li Yi (now Xiayi, Henan), an ancient thinker and educator in China.
Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. He led some disciples around the world for thirteen years, and revised the six classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites and Music, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals in his later years.
According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for gifts, with 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.
In ancient times, Confucius was regarded as a "saint of heaven" and a "muduo of heaven". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later rulers as Confucius' sage, the most holy, the most holy teacher, the most holy teacher, the teacher of kings and the teacher of generations.
His thoughts have a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and he is listed as the first of the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". With the expansion of Confucius' influence, "Confucius Sacrifice Ceremony" once became a "big sacrifice" at the same level as China's ancestor worship.
2. Cai Lun
Cai Lun (? -12 1) from Guiyang county in the eastern Han dynasty. In the last years of Han Yongping, he entered the palace as a minister. In the second year of Zhanghe (AD 88), Cai Lun was promoted to be a regular servant because of his meritorious service to the Empress Dowager, and Cai Lun also held an official position.
Cai Lun summed up people's paper-making experience in the past, innovated the paper-making technology, and finally made "Cai Hou Paper". In the first year of Yuan Xing (A.D. 105), it was reported to the imperial court, and Han and Emperor ordered the popularization of his papermaking method. In the first year of Jianguang (A.D. 12 1), he committed suicide because of a power struggle.
Cai Lun's papermaking is listed as the "Four Great Inventions" in ancient China, which has made outstanding contributions to the spread of human culture and the progress of world civilization, and has been respected by people for thousands of years. It is regarded as the originator of papermaking and the "paper god" by papermaking workers.
Among the 100 celebrities listed by Mack hart, Cai Lun ranks seventh. Cai Lun was listed as "the best inventor of all time" by Time magazine. The opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games showed the papermaking invented by Cai Lun.
3. Laozi
Lao Tzu, surnamed Li Minger, was called Bo Yang, or Shu Bo Yang. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen (later Chu) was born in the Spring and Autumn Period of Zhou Dynasty. China was an ancient thinker, philosopher, writer and historian, the founder and main representative of Taoist school.
Laozi is a world cultural celebrity, one of the world's 100 historical celebrities, and is also called Laozi and Zhuangzi with Zhuangzi. In Taoism, Laozi is regarded as the ancestor of Taoism and called "the old gentleman on the throne". In the Tang Dynasty, Laozi was regarded as the ancestor of Li.
Laozi's extant works include Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi), which is one of the most widely circulated works in the world. In 1980s, according to the statistics of UNESCO, among the world famous cultural works, the Bible was translated into foreign languages and published with the largest circulation, followed by the Tao Te Ching.
Laozi's thought has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy, and its ideological core is simple dialectics. Politically, Laozi advocates the rule of inaction and the teaching of words. Politically, Lao Tzu pays attention to the truth that extremes meet. In terms of self-cultivation, Laozi is the ancestor of Taoist double cultivation, paying attention to modest and upright practice and not competing with others.
4. Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (18931February 26, 976-1September 9, 976), whose real name was Runzhi (the original was Yong Zhi, later changed to Runzhi), took his pen name Zi Ren. Hunan Xiangtan people. China people's leader, Marxist, great proletarian revolutionist, strategist, theorist, main founder and leader of China Production Party, China People's Liberation Army and People's Republic of China (PRC), poet and calligrapher.
From 1949 to 1976, Mao Zedong was the supreme leader of People's Republic of China (PRC). His contribution to the development of Marxism-Leninism, military theory and theoretical contribution to the * * * production party is called Mao Zedong Thought. Because almost all of Mao Zedong's main positions are called chairman, he is also known as "Chairman Mao".
Mao Zedong is regarded as one of the most important figures in the modern history of the world, and Time magazine also rated him as one of the most influential figures in the 20th century.
5. Qin Shihuang
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC) surnamed Zhao, also known as (Zheng) and, or Zulong, was the son of Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang. China is a famous politician, strategist and reformer in history, an iron-fisted politician who unified China, and the first monarch in China to be called the emperor.
Qin Shihuang was born in Handan (now Handan), the capital of Zhao State, and spent his youth here. In the first 247 years, 13 was king. In the first 238 years, I was 22 years old, and I held the coronation ceremony of the monarch in Yongcheng, the old capital, and began to "manage state affairs personally", getting rid of Lv Buwei, Lao Ai and others, and reusing Reese and Liao Wei.
From 230 to 22 1 year, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively. At the age of 39, he completed the great cause of reunifying China, established a powerful centralized country with the Han nationality as the main body, and laid the territory of China.
Baidu encyclopedia-Qin Shihuang
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mao Zedong
Baidu encyclopedia-Laozi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cai Lun
Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius