The first building of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Fengyang Mausoleum-April of the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty

Ming Tombs, together with Ming Di Tombs and Ming Zu Tombs, are called Ming Shaoling. Speaking of Tomb No.3 in Ming Dynasty, many people in China have this idea, but they are proud of it. On the Internet, some people call Nanjing Ming Mausoleum Nanjing Ming Di Mausoleum and Xuyi Ming Zu Mausoleum Nanjing Ming Zu Mausoleum. In fact, the tombs in the third year of Ming Dynasty not only refer to the royal tombs in the early Ming Dynasty distributed in three different places, but also have different connotations. Nanjing is the burial place of Cheng Zu and Ma Shi in Ming Dynasty. Fengyang Ming Mausoleum is the place where Zhu Yuanzhang buried the remains of his parents, siblings and nephews. Xuyi Ming Zuling is the great-grandfather, great-grandfather and grandfather of Zhu Yuanzhang's burial place. Among the three, except the former god who once had great influence and even dominated the whole country, the tomb owners of the latter two were all rural farmers in northern Jiangsu or Huaibei. If it weren't for Zhu Yuanzhang, a good son and grandson who didn't want to make revolution at home, they might never be known. They will stay in the underworld in obscurity and listen to the call. There is another difference between the Ming Tombs in Fengyang, Zhongdu, one of the Ming Tombs, and the Ming Tombs in Long Mai, that is, they were built at different times. If arranged in the order of final completion time, it is Ming Di Mausoleum, Ming Zu Mausoleum and Ming Mausoleum in turn. Fengming Mausoleum was built in the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty. The Ming Tombs were built in the 26th year of Ming Emperor. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang, the King of Wu, who was about to complete his imperial career, set out from Yingcheng and came to Fengyang 12, his long-lost hometown. In addition to what I said earlier, he shared his nostalgia with his hometown elders, and another very important purpose was to change his parents' graves. At that time, the Ba family lived in, worked hard on the farm and drifted around. Natural disasters are prevalent in Russia and the United States, and families suffer disasters. Four of the last 60 imperial examinations and nine of the last 50 died. Brother Meng died first, and his family was ruined. Tiande doesn't care about me. He is very arrogant. He doesn't care about me. He has nothing to do with the ground, and his neighbors are disappointed. Suddenly, Yi's generosity made me feel good about this yellow land. There was no coffin at the funeral, but the body was badly dressed. Cover the ground three feet, drink what pulp. In this memory, Zhu Yuanzhang used a funeral without a coffin and was poorly dressed. 16 words, cover three feet, what paste to offer, generally describe the horror of parents when they are buried. In modern China, there is no decent memorial ceremony and no coffin to make do with. After begging for a small piece of broken land, I wrapped it in rags worn by my parents and buried it. In addition to the grief of where you will go, the inner sting caused by poverty and distress may hurt the small pole that was still in a daze at that time, and even bring him lifelong psychological trauma. In his later years, Zhu Yuanzhang, on the one hand, suppressed poverty and wealth, stormed to enrich the people and attached importance to people's livelihood; On the other hand, he kept simple living habits and tried to avoid extravagance and waste, which largely reflected the influence of poverty in his early years. Poverty itself is not a crime, nor is it shameful or shameful. However, in China society, poverty and wealth seem to have special meanings. People's spiritual values have no sense of repentance, no original sin of wealth, and tend to laugh at poverty rather than prostitution. Therefore, it is not difficult to see that once we China people have money, we have to go out or go back to our hometown to shake it. As the saying goes, wealth does not return to our hometown, like wearing embroidery at night, who knows! In fact, this mentality of returning home has existed in China society for thousands of years. Until now, we can still see some people who got rich first, suddenly remembering their parents and ancestors who died at the beginning, so they overhauled and squandered materials.

But one thing is certain, that is, Zhu's good son and grandson returned to his hometown for a very important reason, that is, to express filial piety to his deceased parents and elders. In this regard, Shi Minglu and other historical records record that in the afternoon of Ding Maori, in summer and April, I went to Haozhou, remembering that Renzu and the Empress Dowager were unprepared at the beginning of the funeral, and decided to change the funeral. When Ding Mao and Wu Wang arrived in Haozhou, they thought that their ancestors had lost their relatives and were caught off guard, so they proposed to be reburied. Both the funeral ceremony to commemorate Empress Renzu and the mourning for ancestors expressed a meaning, that is to say, when Mrs. Zhu died, she was buried miserably, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the son, did not fulfill her filial piety. This is absolutely unacceptable! Filial piety has a special connotation in the traditional society of China and plays a special social function effect. It is said that Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Shang Dynasty and China all have the earliest monograph "Erya", which explains filial piety as filial piety to parents and brothers as friends. In the classic Analects of Confucius before Qin Dynasty, filial piety means filial piety to disciples and brothers. My father is observing his ambition, but his father is not observing his behavior. He doesn't change for three years, which is filial piety. So how to be filial? Think: you should be born and be polite; When you die, you should be buried with ceremony, and when you sacrifice, you should be offered with ceremony. In other words, when children are alive, they should serve their parents seriously and respectfully in accordance with etiquette; When parents die, there should be a grand burial and a grand sacrifice. This is probably China's theory of filial piety and thick burial, the basic connotation of traditional culture. Since Zhu Yuanzhang's parents are gone, it is impossible for him to be filial before he dies. The only possibility is to hold a ceremony and a grand sacrifice, that is, a thick burial. It's not 12 years ago, the peasant woman's house in Jia Zhu has been buried for three feet. What food and paste have been laid? How can it be a heavy burial? This involves another term of China, the change of traditional culture and funeral. Generally speaking, the top-grade reburial occurred in a certain family, and the large-scale upgrade of ancestral graves was due to the prosperity of future generations. History tells us that ancient people in China had the custom and precedent of reburial. Zhu Yuanzhang first, Li Yifu, the official minister, upgraded his grandfather's grave. However, the Li family has done such a thing as a detainee after all. Is there a particularly senior figure who later became the son of heaven and buried his ancestors? Yes, at the end of the Five Dynasties, Chen Qiao mutinied and was founded. Therefore, Zhao's grandfather, Zhao's grandfather, Zhao's grandfather's name and their graves are all in Zhao's house, and they have all been upgraded: Zhao Tiao's temple was named Xianzu, and the tomb was renamed Qinling; Great-grandfather Zhao Shangdian was renamed Shunzu, and the mausoleum was renamed Kangling; Grandfather Zhao Jing went to the temple wing to worship his ancestors, and the tomb was renamed Dingling; Father Zhao went to the temple to announce his ancestors, and the mausoleum was renamed Anling. Zhao's great-grandfather, great-grandfather and grandfather died young and were buried in Youzhou Beijing, which was far away from Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, only Zhao, who died five or six years before usurping the throne, was promoted by his real name and robbed the tomb. In 964, the second year of the Song Dynasty, the dutiful son buried his father Zhao in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and named his grave Anling. Since there is a precedent for the emperor to bury his ancestors, Zhu Yuanzhang, the king of Wu, who is about to complete his imperial career, can't just do so; But at this moment, Zhu's good son and grandson are whispering, because his father is not a prince or a senior official, but a male proofreader, a native of Tianshui County, who is a senior official above the secretary of the municipal party committee who people are keen to chase in China society, while Zhu Yuanzhang's father is a Ava.

Seeing this, the King of the Seven Kingdoms of Zhu, who was proficient in Confucian classics and etiquette, kept shaking his head and said, "This kind of mourning is too heavy! Zhu Yuanzhang explained on the spot: this light ratio is good! In other words, I think it is greater than light. Can I not talk about my parents? Filial Piety Then, why do the emperors and officials of Zhu Yuanzhang have such great differences on Zhu's funeral and related sacrificial ceremonies? This will start with my barbaric Gege Five-service system in China North Cinema, which is a traditional funeral ceremony. Five clothes refer to failure, Cui Zi, great contribution, small contribution and quilting. Cutting: Li explained that cutting clothes is made of burlap and does not sew the bottom. This means that when a person hears the news of the death of a loved one, a person immediately cuts off coarse cloth with a knife and makes it into mourning clothes directly, without sewing or decoration, to show his condolences to the loved one. So this is the heaviest kind of mourning. Generally, the son is the father, the wife is the husband, the vassal is the son of heaven, and the minister is the monarch who has been out of power for three years. If you do, then you are a dutiful son or a virtuous minister or a virtuous woman. Cui Zi: It is recorded in Ming history that American clothes in Cui Zi are made of fine linen and the bottom is sewn. It means that when you hear that a very important relative has passed away, you cut the burlap with a knife, sew the edges together, and then make it into mourning clothes. It is a second-class funeral in the five-service system. The average child is a stepmother, a loving mother, grandchildren are grandparents, great grandparents, great grandparents, and husbands are wives. People wear this kind of mourning for the monarch for 1-3 years. Dagong: Shi Ming explained that Dagong's clothes are made of rough and mature cloth. It means that when you hear that a more important relative has passed away, you make a mourning dress out of rough or rough linen. It is a third-class funeral in the five-service system. Cousins, unmarried cousins, married aunts and sisters, nieces, grandchildren, sons and daughters-in-law, nephews and married women mourned for their uncles, uncles, brothers and nephews for 9 months. Xiao Gong: According to Ming history, Xiao Gong's clothes were made of slightly coarse cloth. It means that when you hear that your important relatives have passed away, you make mourning clothes for them with slightly delicate cooked linen. It is the fourth mourning dress in the five-clothing system. Generally speaking, father and brother, father and brother, wife and brother and so on. Everyone has been in mourning for five months. Quilting: Ming history explains that quilted clothes are made of slightly fine cooked cloth. This means that mourning clothes are made of slightly fine cooked linen. It is the fifth and lightest mourning dress in the five-clothing system. Generally, distant relatives and relatives wear this mourning for 3 months. Therefore, the five-clothing system shows a close relationship with the deceased in blood and marriage, which is based on the patriarchal blood relationship and skillfully combined with political relations. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang was going to bury his parents' mausoleum, and the makeup ceremony was grand. If we compare the above five clothing systems, and according to his personal relationship with the underground Zhu couple, we will wear the heaviest of the five clothing. However, according to the pre-Qin Confucian classic Ming Shi, a monarch has the way of clan, and a clan may not regard their relatives as monarchs. In other words, you have the gift of gathering people, and people cannot be first-class relatives with you. In other words, the political status of the monarch is always higher than that of other people in the family. -Politics is the commander-in-chief and the soul. China has attached importance to politics since ancient times. So, at that time, according to Xu Cunren and his entourage Wang, Zhu Yuanzhang was a king who was about to establish a new country, and his parents were still at the grassroots level. Under no circumstances should they give gifts to their father and son. It is enough to bring linen clothes, that is, the mourning clothes that the monarch wears to his subordinates or grassroots. The reason is that Zhu walks expensive. How can he compare with ordinary people? But Zhu Yuanzhang insisted on expressing his strong filial piety in the way of ordinary people, wearing beheaded clothes, preferring to be lighter! This somewhat shows his deep burial and filial piety. In fact, besides,

In addition, there are some neighbors on the edge of the mausoleum, including Wang Wen and Liu Ying, who have a good personal relationship with Zhu Yuanzhang. After caring for others, please ask 20 of them to be relatives of Zhu Zhu's good relatives and be responsible for guarding the graves of Zhu Zhu and his wife. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang also ordered the relevant departments to exempt their corvee and taxes. This is probably the first time in the history of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the early Ming Dynasty to build Fengyang Mausoleum. The Book of Rites is written in both Chinese and English.