In most areas, open cultivation is divided into spring and autumn, and can be planted in greenhouses all year round; Generally in the open field, spring sowing is planted in June 5438+0 ~ February, and autumn sowing is planted in July ~ August. During the growth period outside South China (130 days), the temperature should be kept between 15 ~ 35℃.
Cultivate seedlings
The nutrient soil for seedling can be mixed with 6 parts peat soil +3 parts river sand+1 part perlite and 1 kg compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per cubic meter, and put into 8 cm× 8 cm plastic seedling cup for seedling.
cultivate
In the process of seedling raising, attention should be paid to maintaining appropriate temperature and soil moisture. Generally, the temperature in the shed is around 25℃ in early spring. The seedling soil in the seedling cup should not be too wet or too dry. It should be sprayed with 500 times dicyandiamide solution or 800 times carbendazim solution to prevent the occurrence of damping-off disease. If the seedlings grow weakly or the leaves turn yellow at the seedling stage, they can be watered thoroughly with 1 ~ 2 times of 1% compound fertilizer solution, and can be planted when the seedlings grow to 4 ~ 5 real leaves.
Step 4: Planting
In the greenhouse cultivation method, decomposed chicken manure 1000kg and compound fertilizer 30kg are applied every 667m2 as base fertilizer, the ground is leveled, the greenhouse film is tied 10 days before planting, and the greenhouse is closed at high temperature to sterilize and kill insects. Generally, it is about 2 1200 plants per 667 meters. For flowerpot cultivation, plastic or ceramic flowerpots with a diameter of 25-35 cm and a height of 30-40 cm can be selected for cultivation. The cultivation soil can be made by mixing peat soil, river sand and perlite in a ratio of 5: 3: 2, and about 250 g of peanut bran or chicken manure is added to the bottom of each flowerpot as the base fertilizer before being put into the cultivation soil. Choose sunny evening to plant, spray water for half a day before planting, spray foot water after planting, and cover the roof with sunshade net in summer.
5. Cultivation management
(1) water management
Keep the soil moist after delaying emergence, and need more water at the peak of growth and after flowering and fruiting to ensure water supply.
(2) Temperature management
The temperature in the shed should be controlled between 65438 05 ~ 30℃.
(3) Fertilizer management
After planting in the field for 7 days, spray roots with 1% compound fertilizer aqueous solution to promote new roots. Spraying 2% compound fertilizer aqueous solution 1 time every week before the flowering of Rattan to make the plant grow healthily. During the period from flowering to fruit setting, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to promote plant reproductive growth and improve fruit setting rate. Generally, after planting 2 ~ 3 fruits, topdressing decomposed peanut bran 150 kg and compound fertilizer 20 kg every 667 m2 to promote the young melon to expand, maintain the vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The method is to apply it within 25 cm from the stem base, and be careful not to apply fertilizer too close to the base, otherwise it will cause root burning and watering after application. In the full fruit stage and harvest stage, according to the fruit setting and leaf color of the plant, apply fertilizer again, and the method is the same as above.
(4) vine leading and pruning
When the seedling height is 25 ~ 30 cm, bamboo or rope should be inserted to guide it to grow upward; There are many lateral vines in the growth process of pumpkin, but they are mainly ornamental pumpkins, so all the lateral vines below 1 meter should be pulled out in time to avoid consuming nutrition and affecting flowering and fruiting. 1 ~ 2 lateral vines can stay behind the main vines to increase their performance.
(5) artificial pollination
It is best to use artificial pollination after flowering. Pollination usually starts at eight o'clock every morning. Select the male flowers that bloom that day, remove the corolla, and coat the stamen pollen on the pistil stigma. If pollination is too early, the pollen will not disperse. If pollination is too late, the pollen will lose water and its vitality will be reduced, which will affect the fruit setting rate.
harvest
Ornamental pumpkins are mainly ornamental. If they are used as food, they can be harvested about 20 days after the fruit is produced and before the peel becomes hard. The method is to harvest with scissors with handles. If it is used for viewing or making works of art, it should be harvested when the fruit is fully mature and the peel is hardened.