Hetao Plain The Hetao Plain is about 1,000 meters above sea level. It is nourished by the Yellow River in the south and surrounded by Langshan Mountain in the north. It covers an area of ??nearly 15,900 square kilometers, accounting for 24% of the city's total area. The vegetation is lush and the population is dense. The Yellow River flows through Bayannur City for more than 200 kilometers. Bayannur City has 534,000 hectares of irrigated land (the adjacent Tumed Plain has 267,000 hectares of irrigated land, and the Yinchuan Plain has 400,000 hectares).
The Hetao Plain is the largest autonomous artesian irrigation area in Asia, with excellent irrigation conditions and a complete irrigation and drainage engineering system. The annual sunshine hours range from 3,100 to 3,300 hours, and it is rich in light and heat resources. It is one of the areas with the most sunshine hours in China. The farmland facilities in the Hetao Plain are complete, the land is fertile, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the planting industry is developed, and the management level is high. It is rich in products, mainly producing wheat, corn, sunflower, Hetao honeydew melon, etc. Sanhu River Plain Sanhu River Plain is located at the southeast end of the Hetao Plain, between Wula Mountain and the Yellow River, starting from Xishanzui in the west and ending at the junction of Bayannur City and Baotou City in the east. It is 70 kilometers long from east to west and 3 to 15 kilometers wide from north to south. Covering an area of ??700 square kilometers, it is a narrow strip, with the terrain sloping from the foothills to the Yellow River and from west to east. The average ground gradient is about 1/7000. With an altitude of 1010 to 1200 meters, it can be divided into four parts: floodplain, Yellow River alluvial plain, piedmont alluvial plain, and foothill alluvial plain. The floodplain is distributed on the north bank of the Yellow River, roughly south of the flood control embankment, 0.5 to 5 meters above the low water level of the Yellow River, and ranging from tens of meters wide from north to south. There are dense tamarisk forests of water-loving plants. The Yellow River alluvial plain is north of the flood control embankment. It has the largest area, about 420 square kilometers, and the terrain is flat. The piedmont alluvial plain is located in the north of the alluvial plain. It is a small area and is an east-west narrow strip. It is about 1 to 2 kilometers wide and 4 to 7 meters higher than the alluvial plain, forming a first-level terrace. The foothill alluvial plain is at the southern foot of Wula Mountain, north of National Highway 110, sloping from north to south, with an altitude of 1,050 to 1,200 meters. The composition material is relatively coarse, mainly granite and gneiss, often mixed with sandy loam soil, and pasture grows on it.