In the 1, 14 and 15 centuries, some cities along the Mediterranean (such as Venice) have sparsely sprouted capitalist relations of production.
2. At the end of feudal society, the development of commodity economy promoted the disintegration of natural economy in feudal society and caused the polarization of small commodity producers. The primitive accumulation of capital accelerated this differentiation.
3. The self-sufficient natural economy was destroyed, and a large number of farmers and craftsmen went bankrupt, which not only provided free labor for capitalism, but also created a commodity market for it.
Capitalism developed from feudal society. In feudal society, landlords rented land to farmers to sow. During the lease period, the land is controlled by farmers, but they must pay land rent and other taxes to the landlord regularly. Capitalism was replaced by agricultural workers working on the farms of agricultural capitalists, and then they took the money and left without taking control of the land. There is an employment relationship between capitalists and workers in capitalism.
Capitalism refers to the meaning that capital dominates social economy and politics, and there is no accurate definition. Different economists have different definitions. Generally speaking, capitalism is an economic or economic sociology system. Under this system, most of the means of production are owned by individuals, and the value is created by wage labor.
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Capitalism will inevitably be replaced by socialism, which is the historical trend of capitalist development. Its inevitability is mainly manifested in:
1. The local adjustment and qualitative change within the capitalist relations of production can only alleviate the basic contradictions, but cannot fundamentally solve the basic contradictions of capitalism. The essence of socialization of production is to require the socialization of means of production, that is, to establish a socialist economic system that is compatible with the essential requirements of socialized mass production.
2. The development of capitalism has prepared the material conditions for socialism to take its place.
(1) The first is the overall socialization of production, which is manifested in the following aspects: monopoly has caused a huge production unit, making production and capital highly concentrated; The production and operation of monopoly organizations can break through the restrictions of regions and countries, and can plan the market and raw material sources of a country or even the world; Monopoly makes scientific and technological research change from scattered personal career to social career; International monopoly alliance makes production and operation beyond the scope of a country.
(2) Secondly, production management is becoming more and more socialized, which is manifested in the following aspects: the management of enterprises is increasingly implemented by social institutions composed of board of directors and managers; Banks have become computing institutions that produce and distribute national and even global products; The degree of state intervention in the economy is also developing.
(3) Third, capital is increasingly socialized, and the state monopoly organization makes the socialization of capital reach its peak within the limits of capitalism.
Baidu encyclopedia-capitalism
People's Network-Section 3? Historical trend of capitalist development