Shuhu Great Wall in Yinzhou (I)
Song dynasty? Wang Anshi
The eaves are long and clean without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.
The first two sentences of this poem describe the environment of his home, which is clean and quiet, suggesting the elegance of the owner's life interest; The last two sentences go outside the courtyard, writing about the deep affection of mountains and rivers for Mr. Hu Yin, and using the two allusions of "protecting the fields" and "driving away the wind", turning mountains and rivers into vivid and emotional images. Mountains and rivers take the initiative to meet people, which is a manifestation of people's nobility. The whole poem not only praises the simplicity and hard work of the host, but also expresses the poet's quiet state of mind of retiring and seclusion, and enjoys endless fun from the pastoral landscape and contact with civilians. Although there is no positive description of people in the poem, writing about mountains and rivers means writing about people. The scenery and people care for each other everywhere, and every sentence is closed and melted without trace.
Make an appreciative comment
"The thatched eaves are long and clean without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand", praising the quietness of the master's courtyard. Jiangnan is wet and rainy, and the ground is dark and covered with moss, which is extremely difficult to remove. However, Mr. Hu Yin's yard is often carefully cleaned, but there is no moss at all. The poet used "no moss" to express the quiet and clean courtyard, and also hinted at the diligence and simplicity of the host family. The host family especially loves flowers and trees, and the yard is full of flowers and trees, so that "flowers and trees have become flower beds." The word "Chengqi" explains the neatness and diversity of flower beds, implies the richness, order and monotony of flowers and trees, and also shows the ingenuity of the host family.
The environment in the courtyard is so quiet and intoxicating that the poet turned his eyes from the flowers and trees in the courtyard to the mountains and rivers outside the courtyard. "One water protects the green field and two mountains send green." These two poems use anthropomorphic artistic techniques to describe "one water" and "two mountains" as friendly images full of human feelings. Curved rivers surround lush farmland, like a kind mother caring for her children with both hands; The two green hills are warm and generous. They pushed open the door of the yard and brought in all the green spring scenery. The words "protect" and "surround" are very affectionate and touching. In front of "sending green" is the word "discharging green", which is even more ingenious. It not only describes the depth of the mountain, but also shows that the green hills seem to pounce on the courtyard. The description is extremely vivid, indicating that the distance between the two mountains is not far, just in front of the master's yard, which seems within reach. In addition, there is a feeling of mountains rushing, coming from afar and full of enthusiasm. These two famous sentences are exemplary in rhetoric. The poet endowed nature with a profound feeling of life, turned quietness into movement, vividly and truly wrote a quiet and elegant country, and realized deification.
Further reading: a brief introduction to Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi was born in an official family. He was diligent and read widely since he was a child. He traveled all over the country with the official and got in touch with some social realities. Understand the painful life of farmers. Therefore, when he was young, he made the ambition of "changing the world". After entering the Jinshi at the age of 22, he served as the magistrate of Huainan, Yinxian, Zhou Shu, Changzhou and Jiangdong Prison, all of whom were sympathetic to the people's feelings and promoted local interests. In the third year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1058), when he was a judge, he wrote tens of thousands of books to Song Renzong, which profoundly exposed the decadent atmosphere of the official system, the imperial examination and extravagance, demanded political reform and strengthened border defense, and put forward the financial management principle of "collecting the wealth of the world for the expenses of the world", but it did not attract the attention of the court.
1067, Zongshen ascended the throne, and Wang Anshi became the magistrate of Jiangning (now Nanjing), and served as a bachelor and lecturer of Hanlin. In the second year of Xining (1069), he took part in politics and worshipped the Prime Minister the following year, that is, he began to implement political reform. The new financial laws include average loss law, young crops law, market law, exemption law, farmland water conservancy law and so on. On the military side, there are the laws of setting generals, protecting armor and protecting horses. At the same time, reforming the imperial examination system and cultivating talents to implement the new law have restricted the exploitation of farmers by big landlords and businessmen to a certain extent and promoted the development of farmland water conservancy. The country's financial situation has improved and its military strength has been strengthened. However, due to fierce opposition from conservative forces such as Sima Guang, the implementation of the new law has been repeatedly blocked, and Song Shenzong has been shaken from time to time. In the seventh year of Xining, Wang Anshi was forced to resign and was later appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning. In February of the following year, he was re-appointed as Prime Minister. Soon, he went on strike because he offended Zongshen by defending the new law, and retired to Jiangning Banshan Park, where he was named "Jing Guogong" by the court. Later generations called him king.
It has indisputable logical power. There is also a part of landscape travel prose, which is concise, lively and labor-saving, and also records travel and reasoning.
Extended reading: Wang Anshi's poetic achievements
Wang Anshi's poetry is bounded by two strikes in the ninth year of Xining (1076), which can be roughly divided into two stages, with obvious differences in content and style. The previous works mainly focus on "If injustice is heard", paying attention to social reality, reflecting the sufferings of the lower class, with obvious tendency and straightforward style; After retiring from politics in his later years, his mood gradually became dull, and a large number of poems about scenery and things replaced the previous political poems.
Later, I wrote "Poor and Backward Work", devoted myself to pursuing the art of poetry, emphasizing meaning and rhetoric, using words carefully, being dual and precise, being subtle and profound, being profound and not artificial. He was unique in the poetic world at that time with his charming style, and was praised as "Wang Ti" by the world. Zhang Shunmin commented: "Wang (poetry) is like the voice in the air, and the color is hard to find." Taosun Ao in the Southern Song Dynasty called his poem "If Wargo sends troops into Shu, I should take danger as my contribution".
There are about twenty poems written by Wang Anshi today, which can be roughly divided into two categories: lyricism and Buddhism. They are "thin and elegant, washing away the old habits of the five generations." His lyrical lyric poems, his admiration for things, and his choice of vast, simple and simple images have created a unique emotional world for literati. His poem "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia" is bold and gloomy, just like Fan Zhongyan's poem "Fisherman's Passion, Qiu Lai Scenery", * * * is the first of its kind, which has a good influence on later ci circles.